Work Environment and Job Performance Among Filipino Millennial Employees in Private Companies in Calamba City Laguna
Iana Chrisdell A Anido
Abstract:
As workplaces evolve swiftly, the delicate interplay between the work
environment dimensions and the employees’ job performance becomes increasingly
crucial for organizational success. This connection becomes even more vital when
considering Filipino millennials in the workforce, who bring with them distinctive cultural
values and ambitions that shape their approach to work. Understanding how their views
and expectations intersect with the work environment is essential for grasping their
impact on job performance.
The study investigated how the various aspects of the work environment correlate with
the job performance of Filipino millennials employed in private companies located in
Calamba City, Laguna. Additionally, it sought to determine if there were differences in
the evaluations of managers and millennial employees regarding the work
environment's manifestations and job performance levels.
A researcher-designed questionnaire was utilized to gather 472 randomly selected
surveys for analysis. The model's examination and assessment involved statistical
methods such as the Mean, t-test, and Pearson Product-moment Correlation.
The results indicated a high-positive correlation between the manifestation of work
environment dimensions and job performance levels. Additionally, significant differences
were observed between the evaluations of managers and millennial employees
regarding the manifestation of work environment dimensions and job performance
levels. Moreover, the research put forward a program aimed at enhancing job
performance among Filipino millennial workers.
References:
- Abun, D., Ranay, F., Magallanes, T., Encarnacion, M., & Alkalde, F. (2020). Employee Treatment and Work Engagement: The Philippines Context: Employee Treatment. Proteus-Cahiers des théories de l’art, 2020, Employee Treatment and Work Engagement: The Philippines Context, 11 (10), pp.153-175. https://hal.science/hal-02994669/document
- Albrecht, S., Green C., & Marty A. (2021). Meaningful Work, Job Resources, and Employee Engagement. ResearchGate. Sustainability 13(7):4045. DOI:10.3390/su13074045
- Aggarwal, A., Sharma, D., Vohra, P.,Sharma, S., & Sharma, V. (2023). Work Environment and Job Satisfaction among Employees. The International Journal of Indian Psychology. Volume 11, Issue 1. January-March 2023. https://ijip.in/wp-content/uploads/2023/03/18.01.126.20231101.pdf
- Anand, A. & Cato, K. (2021). Strain and Buffer Hypothesis. Work Demands Influencing Job Satisfaction: Testing for the Moderating Effects of Job Control Within Non-Profit Employees. US-Chine Law Review. January 2021. Volume 18. No. 1 44-58. Columbina University, New York. United States. David Publishing. https://www.davidpublisher.com/Public/uploads/Contribute/6045bbeeb559c.pdf
- Ang, S., & Van Dyne, L. (2019). Handbook of Cultural Intelligence: Origin, Conceptualization, Evolution and Methodological Diversity https://culturalq.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/03/Ang-Van-Dyne-Rockstuhl-2019.pdf
- Asian, M., Yaman, F., Aksu, A., & Gungor, H. (2022). Task Performance and Job Satisfaction under the Effect of Remote Working Call Center Evidence. Interdisciplinary Approach to Economics and Sociology. Economics and Sociology. Volume 15 No. 1 2022. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359591290_Task_performance_and_job_satisfaction_under_the_effect_of_remote_working_Call_center_evidence
- Awoke, K.A. (2019). Effect of Work Place Environment Factors on Performance of Employees: Empirical Study on Wollo University Staffs. Research Square. Creative Commons Attributions. Page 4 of 22. https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2507-6269
- Bakker, A. & Demerouti, E. (2020.) Job Demands–Resources Theory. Erasmus University Rotterdam, The Netherlands and Lingnan University. https://www.qqamano.com/oh/JDRTheory/JobDemandsResourcesTheory2014original.pdf
- Battisti, E., Alfiero S., & Leonidou E. (2022). Remote working and digital transformation during the COVID-19 pandemic: Economic–financial impacts and psychological drivers for employees. National Library of Medicine. J Bus Res. 2022 Nov; 150:38–50. PMCID: PMC9186428
- Bobbio, A., Canova, L., & Manganelli, A. (2022). Organizational Work-Home Culture and its Relations with the Work–Family Interface and Employees’ Subjective Well-being. Applied Research Quality Life 17,2933–2966 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-022-10048-w
- Boe, O., Piotrowski, A., & Rawat, S. (2021). Effects of Organizational Support and Organizational Justice on Police Officers' Work Engagement. Front Psychol. 2021 Jul 21;12:642155. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2021.642155. PMID:34366963; PMCID: PMC8334362
- Brown, L.J. (2023). Millennials and Work-Life Balance: Comparisons Across Generations. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5326&context=doctoral
- Bupa, L.W. (2023). Understanding the types of social interactions. The importance of social interaction at work and beyond. Work Life. Bupa. https://www.bupaglobal.com/en/your-wellbeing/work-life/importance-of-social-interaction-at-work-and-beyond
- Calleja, M., Go, J., & Tiu, R. (2021). Work Attitudes of Filipino Employees During the COVID-19 Crisis. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 2021, doi: 10.31710/pjp/0054.01 https://pap.ph/assets/files/journals/work-attitudes-of-filipino-employees-during-the-covid19-crisis.pdf
- Cardenas, R. & Gumpal, M.C. (2020). Work Life Balance in the Lens of Filipino Workers: A Generational Perspective. International Journal of Science and Research (IJSR). ISSN: 2319-7064. SJIF (2020): 7.803. https://www.ijsr.net/archive/v10i10/SR201007212347
- Cao, J., Liu, J. & Wong J.W. (2023). JD-R model on job insecurity and the moderating effect of COVID-19 perceived susceptibility. Curr Psychol (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-023-04646-6
- Chen, X., Moon, N., & Gabrenya, W.K. (2022). Expatriate Effectiveness: From Conceptualization to Operationalization. Sage Journals. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management. Volume 22, Issue 3. https://doi.org/10.1177/1470595822113775
- Creswell, J. & Creswell, J. (2022). Research Design. Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Sixth Edition.
- Dayrit, J. & Lacap, J.P. (2020). The Influence of Work life balance on Employee engagement among workers in Pampanga. Philippines: A Structural Equation Modelling Approach. Research Gate. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation 24(04):3095-3112. DOI:10.37200/IJPR/V24I4/PR201420 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339901574
- Decu, B. (2023). Dimensions of contextual performance. HRM: What is Contextual Performance? Neuroworx. https://www.neuroworx.io/magazine/contextual-performance/
- De Jong, N., Wisse, B., Heesink, J., & Zee, K. (2019). Personality Traits and Career Role Enactment: Career Role Preferences as a Mediator. Frontiers in Psychology. Sec. Organizational Psychology. Volume 1-2019. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01720
- Mc Loughlin, E. & Priyadarshini, A (2021). Adaptability in the workplace: Investigating the adaptive performance job requirements for a project manager. Science Digest. Project Leadership and Society. Volume 2, 100012. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.plas.2021.100012 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9186428/
- Gragnano A., Simbula S., & Miglioretti M. (2020). Work–Life Balance: Weighing the Importance of Work–Family and Work–Health Balance. National Library of Medicine. Int Jenviron Rest Public Health. PMCID: PMC7037206 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7037206/
- Haffar, M., Zhenjing, G., Chupradit, S., Ku,K., & Nassani, A. (2022). Impact of Employees' Workplace Environment on Employees' Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Frontiers in Public Health. Volume 10 – 2022 https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpubh.2022.890400/full
- Hayati, K. & Caniago, I. (2022). Islamic Work Ethic: The Role of Intrinsic Motivation, Job Satisfaction, Organizational Commitment and Job Performance. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 65, 1102-1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.11.122
- Hieu, V. M. (2020). Employee Empowerment and Empowering Leadership: A Literature Review. ResearchGate. DOI:10.47577/technium.v2i7.1653 https://www.researchgate.net/publication/344424946
- Holmes, E. K., Thomas, C., Petts, R., & Hill, E. (2020). What is work-family interface? Research on work-family interface. Chapter 10 The work-family interface. Brigham Young University. BYU Scholars Archive. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=5730&context=facpub
- Kadir, M. (2019). Task Performance and Adaptive Performance Among Logistician: A Conceptual Perspective on the Individual Factors and the Situational Factors https://www.researchgate.net/publication/350954692_Task_Performance_and_Adaptive_Performance_Among_Logistician_A_Conceptual_Perspective_on_the_Individual_Factors_and_the_Situational_Factors
- Khan I., Said, M., & Hameed, F. (2021). The Impact of Performance Management System on Employees' Performance. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/356510886
- Khan, H., Rehmat, M., Butt, T., Farooqi, S.,& Asim, J. (2020). Impact of transformational leadership on work performance, burnout, and social loafing: a mediation model. Future Bus J 6, 40. https://doi.org/10.1186/s43093-020-00043-8
- Kim, W., Han, S., & Park J. (2019). Is the Role of Work Engagement Essential to Employee Performance or ‘Nice to Have’? MDPI. Volume 11 Issued 4. 10.3390/su11041050 https://doi.org/10.3390/su11041050
- Le Sante, D., Eaton, A., & Viswesvaran, C.(2021). How Contextual Performance Influences Perceptions of Personality and Leadership Potential. Vol. 37. Num. 2. August 2021. Pages 93 – 106. https://doi.org/10.5093/jwop2021a10
- Lim, S., Saidi, N., Michael, F., Sumilan, H., Jonathan, V., Hamadi, H., & Ahmad, A. (2019). The Relationship Between Working Environment and Employee Performance. Journal of Cognitive Sciences and Human Development 5(2):14-22. DOI:10.33736/jcshd.1916.2019
- Llantos, E. (2021). Multicultural and Diversity Management in Higher Education Institutions in the Philippines. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(11), 1275-1282. https://doi.org/10.11594/10.11594/ijmaber.02.11.19
- Myers, T. & Paul, M. (2020). Umbrella summary: Organizational justice. Quality Improvement Center for Workforce Development. https://www.qic-wd.org/umbrella/organizational-justice
- Namaziandost, E. (2021). A Study of Job Satisfaction and Its Effect on performance of Employees Working in Private Sector Organizations, Peshawar. Hindawi Educational Research International. Volume 2021. Article ID 1751495. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1751495
- Okijie G., Ismail, I., Begum, H., Alam, A.,& Zada, E. (2023). The Mediating Role of Social Support on the Relationship between Employee Resilience and Employee Engagement. MDPI. Journals. Sustainability. Voulume 15- Issue 10. 10.3390/su15107950. https://www.mdpi.com/2071-1050/15/10/7950
- Park, S. & Park S. (2019). Adaptive Performance: Definition. Employee Adaptive Performance and its Antecedents: Review and Synthesis. Integrative Literature Review. Human Resource Development Review. 2019. Volume 18 (3) 294- 324. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/pdf/10.1177/1534484319836315
- Pojanes A. D. S. & Japos G. (2022). Mediating Effect of Happiness at Work in the Relationship between Transformational Leadership and Job Performance: A Literature Review. Vol. 50 https://doi.org/10.7719/jpair.v50i1.692
- Pradhan, R. & Jena, L. (2021). "Employee Performance at Workplace: Conceptual Model and Empirical Validation," Global Business Review, International Management Institute, vol. 22(4), pages 1019-1037, August. https://ideas.repec.org/a/sae/busper/v5y2017i1p69-85.html
- Perry, E. (2021). Building influence at work: be the best leaders you can be. Leadership and Management. Better up. https://www.betterup.com/blog/building-influence
- Perry, E. (2023). What is a work environment? How to build a healthy workplace environment. Employee Experience. BetterUp. https://www.betterup.com/blog/workplace-environments
- Rusinowitz, S. (2022). Organizational Justice 101: How to Foster Fairness in the Workplace. CharHop. https://www.charthop.com/resources/blog/dei/organizational-justice-fairness-workplace/#:~:text=Organizational%20justice%20is%20an%20employee's,norms%20are%20fair%20and%20equitable
- Samudin,R., Azman, N., Azmi, M., Rizal, R. & Faizal, I. (2022). A Review of Work Environment on Employee Productivity. International Journal of Accounting, Finance and Business (IJAFB), 7(42), 102 – 109. http://www.ijafb.com/PDF/IJAFB-2022-42-08-13.pdf
- Sandall, H., Silva,L. & Queiroga, F.(2022). A comprehensive Approach to Job Performance in the Service Sector: A systematic Literature Review. https://www.redalyc.org/journal/841/84171352006/html/
- Shammout, M. (2021). The Impact of Work Environment on Employees Performance. International Research Journal of Modernization in Engineering Technology and Science. Volume 3. Issue 11. e-ISSN: 2582-5208. https://www.irjmets.com/uploadedfiles/paper/volume_3/issue_11_november_2021/16987/final/fin_irjmets1636223450.pdf
- Smart Capital Mind (2023). What is Job Performance? Business. Fact-Checked. Smart Capital Mind. https://www.smartcapitalmind.com/what-isjob-performance.htm
- Soelton, M., Luiza, S., Saratian, E., & Nanda, A. (2019). Job Stress. Study of Theoretical Framework. The Effect of Psychological Work Environment and Work Loads on Turnover Interest, Work Stress as an Intervening Variable. 4 International Conference on Management, Economics and Business (ICMEB 2019). Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research. Volume 120. Atlantis Press. https://www.atlantispress.com/article/125934095.pdf
- Tablan, F. (2021). Meaningful Work for Filipinos. Adjunct Faculty Philosophy Department Bellevue College, Bellevue,WA, USA 98007 https://philarchive.org/archive/TABMWF
- Tummers L. G. & Bakker A. B. (2021). Leadership and Job Demands-Resources Theory: A Systematic Review. Front. Psychol., 30 September 2021. Sec. Organizational Psychology. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.722080/full
- Vohra, L., Ozyesil, M., & Akturk, E. (2022). Impact of Working Environment on Job Satisfaction. Journal of Positive School Psychology. 2022. Volume 6. 3496-3505. Istanbul Aydin University Business Management Programme. https://journalppw.com/index.php/jps p/article/download/7886/5143/9146
- Wang, X. & Shaheryar (2020). Work-Related Flow: The Development of a Theoretical Framework Based on the High Involvement HRM Practices with Mediating Role of Affective Commitment and Moderating Effect of Emotional Intelligence. Front. Psychol. 11:564444. doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2020.564444
- Wong, K. (2020). Employee Empowerment: Definition, Benefits, and Factors. Achievers. Engage Blog. https://www.achievers.com/blog/employee-empowerment/
- Yu, S., Wu, N., Liu, S., & Gong, X. (2021). Job Insecurity and Extra-Role Behavior. Job Insecurity and Employee’s Extra-Role Behavior: Moderated Mediation Model of Negative Emotion and Workplace Friendship. Organizational Psychology. Volume 12 – 2021. Frontiers. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.631062/full.
- Zhenjing, G., Chuparadit, S., Ku, K., & Nassani., A. (2022). Relationship of Employee Workplace Environment with Employees’ Performance. Impact of Employees’ Workplace Environment on Employees’ Performance: A Multi-Mediation Model. Front Public Health. 2022; 10: 890400. Frontiers in Public Health. National Library of Medicine. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9136218/