Efficacy of Plumeria acuminata (Kalachuchi) Leaves Extract as an Antibacterial Soap: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Mary Ann  B. Virola-Leh,; Gabriel Pablo  L. Abordo,; Prince Mor  T. Fiedacan,; Remilyne  R. Labador,; Gabriel Mark  P. Mercado,; Eryl Aira  D. Muan,; Reah Jilda  C. Ondona,; Erica  F. Osinsao,; Jenny May  A. Pilares,; Judith Elisha  M. Saguil,; Genki  L. Sakakibara,; Jennica Imah Therese  N. Vizcarra,

Efficacy of Plumeria acuminata (Kalachuchi) Leaves Extract as an Antibacterial Soap: a Randomized Controlled Trial

Abstract:

Introduction: Plant extracts have been used for centuries, due to its medicinal and pharmaceutical potentials. The industrialization of plant extracts is an important part of advancing modernization of traditional medicine and medical technology innovation. Herbal hand wash was formulated with phytochemical properties of Plumeria acuminata. Objective: To determine the efficacy of aqueous leaf extract of Plumeria acuminata (Kalachuchi) as an antibacterial soap. Methodology: This study was a double-blind randomized controlled trial. Liquid hand washes were prepared at concentrations of 50%, & 100%. Water served as the negative control, and the standard soap served as the positive control. A total of 100 participants were divided into four groups with 25 sample population per group. The antibacterial activity of the formulated herbal hand wash was examined thru colony counting of pre and post hand wash swab samples. Results: The 100% extract of Kalachuchi leaves showed better effectivity than that of 50% extract as an antibacterial soap through post bacterial count handwashing. The 100% Kalachuchi leaves extract exhibit the same effectivity with that of the standard soap in bacterial reduction in post hand washing technique with an insignificant p-value of 1.00. In addition to that, 100% Kalachuchi leaves was not comparable to water with a significant p-value of 0.05. The 50% Kalachuchi leaves extract had a comparable effectivity to water. The 50% Kalachuchi leaves extract and the standard soap when compared manifested the same outcome. Conclusion: The 100% Kalachuchi leaves extract can be used as an effective antibacterial soap.

References:

World Health Organization; WHO Guidelines on Hand Hygiene in Health Care: A Summary, Geneva (Switzerland); 2009. pp 44.
Nenaah EG, Ahmed ME. Antimicrobial Activity of Extracts and Latex of Calotropis procera (Ait.) and Synergistic Effect with Reference Antimicrobials. Research Journal of Medicinal Plants. 2011; 5(6): 706-716.
Farooque AM, Mazumder A, Shambawee S, Mazumder R. Review of Plumeria acuminata. International Journal of Research in Pharmacy and Chemistry. 2012; 2(2): 467-469.
Quisumbing, E. Medicinal plants of the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines: Katha Publishing House Co; 1978.
Bacon, RF. Philippine terpenes and essential oils (III), Philippine Journal of Science. 1909, 4: 93-132.
Riego JA M.D., Maramba-Untalan C M.D. In Vitro Analysis of the Antibacterial Properties of Basella rubralinn. (alugbati) and Plumeria acuminate (Kalachuchi) against Most Common Bacterial Wound Isolates among Pediatric Patients. Pediatric Infectious Disease Society of the Philippines Journal. 2001, 5(2): 14-19.
Najiah M, Nadirah M, Arief Z, Zahrol S, Tee LT, Ranzi AD, et al. Antibacterial Activity of Malaysian Edible Herbs Extracts on Fish Pathogenic Bacteria. Res. J. Med. Plant. 2011, 5: 772-778.
Nithya V, Baskar A. A preclinical study on wound healing activity of Lawsonia ulba Linn. Res. J. Phytochem. 2011, 5: 123-129.
Passeoa-Silva, CL, Hugonnet S, Pfister R, Touveneau S, Dharan S, Posfay-Barbe K, et al. Reduction of Health Care-Associated Infection Risk in Neonates by Successful Hand Hygiene Promotion. Pediatrics. 2007, 120(2): 382-390.
White C, Kolble R, Carlson R, Lipson N, Dolan M, Ali Y, et al. The Effect of Hand Hygiene on Illness Rate Among Students in University Residence Halls. American Journal of Infection Control. 2003, 31(6): 364-370.
De Alwis WR, Pakirisamy P, San LW, Xiaofen EC. (2012). A Study on Hand Contamination and Hand Washing Practices among Medical Students. International Scholarly Research Notices. 2012, 2012.
World Health Organization. Clean hands protect against infection [monograph on the internet]. Geneva: World Health Organization, 2018 [cited 2018 July 30]. Available from: http://www.who.int/gpsc/clean_hands_protection/en/.
Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Gomathi P, Thamil SV. Antimicrobial activity of methanol extracts of Plumeria acuminate Ait. Leaves. Natural Product Radiance. 2008, 7(2): 102-105.
Gupta M, Rakhi, Yadav N, Saroj, Pinky, Siksha, et al. Phytochemical screening of leaves of Plumeria alba and Plumeria acuminata. Journal of Chemical and Pharmaceutical Research. 2016, 8(5): 354-358.
Gupta M, Mazumder UK, Gomathi P, Selvan VT. Antiinflammatory evaluation of leaves of Plumeria acuminata. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2006, 6:36.