Anna Teresa Orillo | Aimee Sheree Barrion | Clarissa Juanico | Marites Yee | Diorella Marie M. Tria
The drastic lifestyle change prompted by COVID-19 has affected the overall well-being of populations. A total of 223 Filipino adults participated in a cross-sectional study exploring coping strategies related to food, nutrition, and well-being while in ECQ. The majority were from Region IV-A (70.0%), college graduates (70.4%), unemployed (40.0%), and with a household size of four to five (46.2%).They provided their needs by stocking food (89.0%), using the internet (80%), obtaining credible information (79.0%), and preparing their food (61.8%). Rice (64.67±45.08), bread (56.33±49.54), cooking oil (53.33±11.93), vegetables (53.00±30.45), and fruits (51.33±15.04) mainly comprised their meals, and more than half (57.40%) were taking nutrition supplements. Coping strategies frequently cited were relaxation-recreation (72.8%), problem-solving (68.9%), and religiosity (66.8%). Overactivity was associated with challenges pertaining to relationship with friends (r = .191, p<.01), housing (r = .133, p<.05), finances (r = .133, p<.05). and access to communication and technology (r = .149, p<.05), healthcare (r = .139, p<.05), and community services (r = .150, p<.05). It was expected that post-ECQ, more will resolve to adhere to healthy lifestyles. Active coping strategies demonstrate how individuals can use resources within reach and take responsibility for ensuring good health and well-being.
1. Ahmad, A. R., & Murad, H. R. (2020). The impact of social media on panic during the COVID-19 pandemic in Iraqi Kurdistan: Online questionnaire study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(5), e19556. https://doi.org/10.2196/19556276424531111229510992969184861058694102114114118-20%0%20%40%60%80%100%
2. Arain, M., Haque, M., Johal, L., Mathur, P., Nel, W., Rais, A., Sandhu, R., & Sharma, S. (2013). Maturation of the adolescent brain. Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment, 9,449–461. https://doi.org/10.2147/NDT.S39776
3. Azlan, A.A., Hamzah, M.R., Sern, T.J., Ayub, S.H., & Mohamad E. (2020). Public knowledge, attitudes and practices towards COVID-19: A cross-sectional study in Malaysia. PLoS ONE, 15(5),1-15. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233668
4. Baker, J., Martí, G., Braunstein, R., Whitehead, A.L., & Yukich, G. (2020). Religion in the age of social distancing: How COVID-19 presents new directions for research. Sociology of Religion, 81,357–70.
5. Baloran, E.T. (2020). Knowledge, attitudes, anxiety, and coping strategies of students during COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Loss and Trauma. https://doi.org/10.1080/15325024.2020.1769300
6. Casero-Ripolles, A. (2020). Impact of COVID-19 on the media system. Communicative and democratic consequences of news consumption during the outbreak. El Professional De La Informacion, 29(2),e290223. https://doi.org/10.3145/epi.2020.mar.23
7. Chinaveh, M. (2013). The effectiveness of problem-solving on coping skills and psychological adjustment. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 84(2013), 4-9. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.499
8. Deschasaux-Tanguy, M., Druesne-Pecollo, N., Esseddik, Y., de Edelenyi F.S., Alles, B., Andreeva, V.A., Baudry, J., Charreire, H., Deschamps, V., Egnell, M., Fezeu, L.K., Galan, P., Julia, C., Kesse-Guyot, E., Latino-Martel, P., Oppert, J.M., Peneau, S., Verdot, C., Hercberg, S., & Touvier, M. (2020). Diet and physical activity during the covid-19 lockdown period (March-May 2020): Results from the French\ NutriNet-Sante cohort study [Preprint]. medRxiv. https://doi.org/10.1101/2020.06.04.20121855
9. Di Renzo, L., Gualtieri, P., Pivari, F., Soldati, L., Attinà, A., Cinelli, G., Leggeri, C., Caparello, G., Barrea, L., Scerbo, F., Esposito, E., & De Lorenzo, A. (2020). Eating habits and lifestyle changes during COVID-19 lockdown: An Italian survey. Journal of Translational Medicine, 18(229), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12967-020-02399-5
10. Dryhurst, S., Schneider, C.R., Kerr, J., Freeman, A.L.J., Recchia, G., van der Bles, A.M., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2020). Risk perceptions of COVID-19 around the world. Journal of Risk Research, 23, 994-1006. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1758193
11. Fink, G. (2016). Stress, definitions, mechanisms, and effects outlined: Lessons from anxiety. In G. Fink (Ed.), Stress: Concepts, cognition, emotion, and behavior (Vol. 1 of the Handbook of Stress Series,pp. 3-11). Elsevier, Inc.
12. Gorlick, A. (2020, March 30). The productivity pitfalls of working from home in the age of COVID-19. Standford News. https://news.stanford.edu/2020/03/30/productivity-pitfalls-working-home-age-covid-19/
13. Gross, J. J., & John, O. P. (2003). Individual differences in two emotion regulation processes: Implications for affect, relationships, and well-being. Journal of Psychology and Personality Psychology, 85, 348–362. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.85.2.348.
14. Guo, J., Feng, X. L., Wang, X. H., & van IJzendoorn, M. H. (2020). Coping with COVID-19: Exposure to COVID-19 and negative impact on livelihood predict elevated mental health problems in Chinese adults. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(11), 3857. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17113857
15. Hollander, J.E. & Carr, B.G. (2020). Virtually perfect? Telemedicine for COVID-19. The New England Journal of Medicine, 382,1679-1681. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMp2003539
16. Hussain, W. (2020). Role of social media in COVID-19 pandemic. The International Journal of Frontier Sciences, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.37978/tijfs.v4i2.144
17. Kar, S.K., Arafat, S.M.Y., Kabir, R., Sharma, P., & Saxena, S.K. (2020). Coping with mental challenges during COVID-19. Nature Public Health Emergency Collection, 2020,199-213. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-4814-7_16
18. Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Neuberg, S. L., & Schaller, M. (2010). Renovating the pyramid of needs: Contemporary extensions built upon ancient foundations. Perspectives on Psychological Science: A Journal of the Association for Psychological Science, 5(3),292–314. https://doi.org/10.1177/1745691610369469.
19. Kranz, D., Niepel, C., Botes, E., & Greiff, S. (2020). Religiosity predicts unreasonable coping with COVID-19. Psychology of Religion and Spirituality. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1037/rel0000395
20. Leochico, C.F. (2020). Adoption of telerehabilitation in a developing country before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Annals of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine, 63(6),563–564. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rehab.2020.06.001
21. Li, J., Ghosh, R. & Nachmias, S. (2020). In a time of COVID-19 pandemic, stay healthy, connected, productive, and learning: Words from the editorial team of HRDI. Human Resource Development International, 23(3),199-207. https://doi.org/10.1080/13678868.2020.1752493
22. Lucchetti, G., Góes, L.G., Amaral, S.G., Ganadjian, G.T., Andrade, I., de Araújo Almeida, P.O., Mendes do Carmo, V., & Manso, M.E.G. (2020). Spirituality, religiosity, and the mental health consequences of social isolation during Covid-19 pandemic. International Journal of Social Psychiatry. https://doi.org/10.1177/0020764020970996
23. Luttik, M.L.A., Mahrer-Imhof, R., Garcia-Vivar, C., Brodsgaard, A., Dieperink, K.B.Imhof, I., Ostergaard, B., Svavarsdottir, E.K., & Konradsen, H. (2020). The COVID-19 pandemic: A family affair. Journal of Family Nursing, 26(2), 87–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/1074840720920883
24. Macaraan, W. (2019). A kapwa-infused paradigm in teaching Catholic theology/catechesis in a multireligious classroom in the Philippines. Teaching Theology and Religion, 22,102–13
25. Montemurro, N. (2020) The emotional impact of COVID-19: From medical staff to common people. Brain, Behavior, and Immunity, 87,20-24. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bbi.2020.03.032.
26. Morais, R. J. (1981). Friendship in the rural Philippines. Philippine Studies, 29, 66- 76.Naja, F. & Hamadeh, R. (2020). Nutrition amid the COVID-19 pandemic: A multi- level framework for action. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition, 1-4. https://doi.org?10.1038/s41430-020-0634-3
27. National and Economic Development Authority. (2020, March 19). Addressing the social and economic impact of the COVID-19 pandemic. https://www.neda.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2020/03/NEDA_Addressing-the-Social-and-Economic-Impact-of-the-COVID-19-Pandemic.pdf
28. Okoro, E. (2018). Assessment of stress-related issues and coping mechanisms among college students. Minnesota State University, Mankato. (Publication No. 825) [Master's Thesis, Minnesota State University] https://cornerstone.lib.mnsu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1823&context=etds on June 2020.
29. Olaimat, A.N., Aolymat, I., Shahbaz, H.M., & Holley, R.A. (2020). Knowledge and information sources about Covid-19 among university students in Jordan: A cross- sectional study. Public Health 8(254). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2020.00254
30. Paškvan, M., Kubicek, B., Prem, R., &Korunka, C. (2016). Cognitive appraisal of work intensification. International Journal of Stress Management. 23. 124-146. https://10.1037/a0039689.
31. Paykani, T., Zimet, G.D., Esmaeili, R. Khajedaluee, A.R., & Khajedaluee, M. (2020). Perceived social support and compliance with stay-at-home orders during the COVID-19 outbreak: evidence from Iran. BMC Public Health, 20,1650. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09759-2
32. Perez, G.I.P. & Abadi, A.T.B. (2020). Ongoing challenges faced in the global control of COVID-19 pandemic. Archives of Medical Research, 405,1-3. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arcmed.2020.04.016
33. Perrone, G., Zerbo, S., Bilotta, C., Malta, G., & Argo, A. (2020). Telemedicine during COVID-19 pandemic: Advantage or critical issue? Medico-Legal Journal, 88(2), 76-77. https://doi.org/10.1177/0025817220926926Philippine StatisticsAuthority. (2020, November 11). Employment situation in April 2020. https://psa.gov.ph/statistics/survey/labor-and-employment/labor-force-survey
34. Ren, S. Y., Gao, R. D., & Chen, Y. L. (2020). Fear can be more harmful than the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 in controlling the coronavirus disease 2019 epidemic. World Journal of Clinical Cases, 8(4),652. https://doi.org/10.12998/wjcc. v8.i4.652
35. Rettie, H. & Daniels, J. (2020). Coping and tolerance of uncertainty: Predictors and mediators of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic. American Psychologist. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000710.
36. Rilveria, J.R.C. (2018). The development of the Filipino coping strategies scale. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 18(1):111–126. http://apssr.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/06/RA-8.pdf
37. Ritchie, J. (2018). Combating stress with a balanced nutritional diet. https://dailyhealthsolution.com/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Combat-Nutritional-Stress.pdf
38. Routley, N. (2020, June 3). 6 charts that show what employers and employees really think about remote working. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2020/06/coronavirus-covid19-remote-working-office-employees-employers
39. Scarmozzino, F. & Visioli, F. (2020). Covid-19 and the subsequent lockdown modified dietary habits of almost half the population in an Italian sample. Foods 9(5),675. https://doi.org/10.3390/foods9050675
40. Sheppes, G., Scheibe, S., Suri, G., Radu, P., Blechert, J., & Gross, J. J. (2014). Emotion regulation choice: A conceptual framework and supporting evidence. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 143,163–181. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0030831
41. Sidor, A. & Rzymski, P. (2020). Dietary choices and habits during covid-19 lockdown: Experience from Poland. Nutrients, 12(6), 1657; https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12061657
42. Tee, M. L., Tee, C. A., Anlacan, J. P., Aligam, K., Reyes, P., Kuruchittham, V., & Ho, R. C. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. Journal of affective disorders, 277,379–391. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2020.08.043
43. Toniolo-Barrios, M., & Pitt, L. (2020). Mindfulness and the challenges of working from home in times of crisis. Business Horizons,10.1016/j.bushor.2020.09.004. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bushor.2020.09.004.
44. Umucu, E. & Lee, B. (2020). Examining the impact of COVID-19 on stress and coping strategies in individuals with disabilities and chronic conditions. Rehabilitation Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1037/rep0000328
45. Vijayaraghavan, P, & Singhal, D. (2020). Descriptive study of Indian general public's psychological responses during COVID-19 pandemic lockdown period in India [Preprint]. Goa Institute of Management, Sanquelim, Goa, India. https://psyarxiv.com/jeksn/
46. Vinkers, C.H., Van Amelsvoort, T., Bisson, J.I., Branchi, I., Cryan, J.F., Domschke, K., Howes, O.D., Manchia, M., Pinto, L., De Quervain, D., Schmidt, M.V., & Van der Wee, NJA (2020). Stress resilience during the coronavirus pandemic. European Neuropsychopharmacology, 35,12-16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.euroneuro.2020.05.003.
47. Wang, H., Xia, Q., Xiong, Z., Li, Z., Xiang, W., Yuan, Y., Liu, Y., & Li, Z. (2020). Psychological distress and coping styles in the early stages of the 2019 Coronavirus Disease (COVID-19) epidemic in the general Mainland Chinese population: A web-based survey. PLoS ONE, 15(5),e0233410. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0233410
48. Waugh, C.E., Shing, E.Z., & Furr, R.M. (2020) Not all disengagement coping strategies are created equal: Positive distraction, but not avoidance, can be an adaptive coping strategy for chronic life stressors. Anxiety, Stress & Coping, 33(5),511-529, https://doi.org.10.1080/10615806.2020.1755820
49. Wilkins, J.L. (2020). Challenges and opportunities created by the COVID-19 pandemic. Journal of Nutrition Education and Behavior, 52(7),669-670. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jneb.2020.05.005
50. Wolf, M.S., Serper, M., Opsasnick, L., O'Conor, R.M., Curtis, L., Benavente, J.Y., Wismer, G., Batio, S., Eifler, M., Zheng, P., Russell, A., Arvanitis, M., Ladner, D., Kwasny, M., Persell, S.D., Rowe, T., Linder, J.A., & Bailey, S.C. (2020). Awareness, attitudes, and actions related to COVID-19 among adults with chronic conditions at the onset of the US outbreak. Annals of Internal Medicine,1-11. https://doi.org/10.7326/M20-1239
51. World Health Organization. (1999). Emergency Health Training Programme for Africa. Panafrican Emergency Training Centre, Addis Ababa. https://apps.who.int/disasters/repo/5509.pdf.
52. Zarrabian, S., & Hassani-Abharian, P. (2020). COVID-19 pandemic and the importance of cognitive rehabilitation. Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, 11(2),129–132. https://doi.org/10.32598/bcn.11.covid19.194.5
53. Zhu, N., O, J., Lu, H. J., & Chang, L. (2020). Debate: Facing uncertainty with(out) a sense of control -cultural influence on adolescents' response to the COVID-19 pandemic. Child and Adolescent Mental Health, 25(3),173–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/camh.12408