HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 1 no. 2 (2022)

Amidst the Online Learning Modality: The Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship to the Perceived Loneliness of Senior High School Students

Joel Francisco | Jonas Manalo | Jhoselle Tus | Annika Dianne Cruz

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

Over the past few years, online classes have become a thing due to the excessive number of COVID-19 cases in the Philippines. Furthermore, it compels students to study in their rooms considering the pandemic. With the country's slow advancement, the Philippines' students have experienced online learning for three consecutive years. Even though many students acquired awards because of their hard work and perseverance, their mental health and self-efficacy remain their primary concerns in this current pandemic. Loneliness is one of the things that students endure during this time, as being alone can influence the confidence and self-efficacy of students. Thus, this study finds and investigates the relationship between self- efficacy and loneliness among students here in the Philippines. The statistical findings show a significant relationship between self-efficacy and loneliness (r = .321) with an associated probability value of 0.01 alpha level of significance.



References:

 

  1. Ancheta, R., & Ancheta, H. (2020). The new normal in education: A challenge to the private basic education institutions in the Philippines. International Journal of Educational Management and Development Studies, 1(1).
  2. Arslan, G., Yıldırım, M., & Aytaç, M. (2020). Subjective vitality and loneliness explain how coronavirus anxiety increases rumination among college students. Death studies, 1-10.
  3. Aunkst, B. D. (2019). A Correlational Study of the Relationship between Help-Seeking Behavior and Writing Self-Efficacy. Liberty University
  4. Bache, J., & Burns, L. (2021). Student loneliness: Proposing a framework to identify and measure areas at greatest risk. Radical Statistics, (130), 30-55.
  5. Bakioğlu, F. (2020). Internet addiction and social self-efficacy: the mediator role of loneliness. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 36(3), 435-442.
  6. Barreto, M., Victor, C., Hammond, C., Eccles, A., Richins, M. T., Annika Dianne Cruz 10/12 Qualter, P. (2021). Loneliness around the world: Age, gender, and cultural differences in loneliness. Personality and Individual Differences, 169, 110066
  7. Barrot, J. S., Llenares, I. I., & Del Rosario, L. S. (2021). Students' online learning challenges during the pandemic and how they cope with them: The case of the Philippines. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 7321-7338.
  8. Bayat, N., Fokkema, T., Mujakovic, S., & Ruiter, R. A. (2021). Contextual correlates of loneliness in adolescents. Children and youth services review, 127, 106083.
  9. Blanco, Q. A., Carlota, M. L., Nasibog, A. J., Rodriguez, B., Saldaña, X. V., Vasquez, E. C., & Gagani, F. (2020). Probing on the relationship between students' self-confidence and self-efficacy while engaging in online learning amidst COVID-19. Journal La Edusci, 1(4), 16-25.
  10. Cai, S., Liu, E., Yang, Y., & Liang, J. C. (2019). Tablet‐based AR technology: Impacts on students' conceptions and approaches to learning mathematics according to their self‐efficacy. British Journal of Educational Technology, 50(1), 248-263.
  11. Cauberghe, V., Van Wesenbeeck, I., De Jans, S., Hudders, L., & Ponnet, K. (2021). How adolescents use social media to cope with feelings of loneliness and anxiety during COVID-19 lockdown. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 24(4), 250-257.
  12. Chang, C. Y., Hwang, G. J., & Gau, M. L. (2022). Promoting students' learning achievement and self‐efficacy: A mobile chatbot approach for nursing training. British Journal of Educational Technology, 53(1), 171-188
  13. Chen, H. T. (2018). Revisiting the privacy paradox on social media with an extended privacy calculus model: The effect of privacy concerns, privacy self-efficacy, and social capital on privacy management. American behavioral scientist, 62(10), 1392-1412
  14. Chen, Y. (2020). Correlation between self-efficacy and English performance. International Journal of Emerging Technologies in Learning (iJET), 15(8), 223-234.
  15. Cheng, Y. C., Yang, T. A., & Lee, J. C. (2021). The Relationship between Smartphone Addiction, Parent–Child Relationship, Loneliness and Self-Efficacy among Senior High School Students in Taiwan. Sustainability, 13(16), 9475.
  16. Cooper, F., & Jones, C. (2021). Co-production for or against the university: student loneliness and the commodification of impact in COVID-19. Qualitative Research Journal.
  17. Correlational Research Design (2019). Center for Innovation in R e s e a r c h a nd T h i n k i n g . R e t r i e v e d f r o m https://cirt.gcu.edu/research/develop/research_ready/correlation/1
  18. Costa, R. M., Patrão, I., & Machado, M. (2019). Problematic internet use and feelings of loneliness. International journal of psychiatry in clinical practice, 23(2), 160-162.
  19. Cukurova, M., Bennett, J., & Abrahams, I. (2018). Students' knowledge acquisition and ability to apply knowledge into different science contexts in two different independent learning settings. Research in science & Technological education, 36(1), 17-34.
  20. Deel, C. M. (2019). Causal-Comparative Study of Reading SelfEfficacy of Senior High School Students Based on English Course Placement.
  21. Della, F. (2018). The Influences of Self-efficacy on Students' Speaking Ability in The Classroom. Institutional Repository of UIN Ar-Raniry Banda Aceh.
  22. Dhawan, S. (2020). Online learning: A panacea in the time of COVID-19 crisis. Journal of educational technology systems, 49(1), 5-22.
  23. Diehl, K., Jansen, C., Ishchanova, K., & Hilger-Kolb, J. (2018). Loneliness at universities: determinants of emotional and social loneliness among students. International journal of environmental research and public health, 15(9), 1865.
  24. Dua, P. & Singh, G. (2021). Self-Efficacy and Emotional Intelligence as Predictors of Perceive Loneliness of Adolescents. Malwa Journal of Education.
  25. Einav, M., Sharabi, A., Peter, T. E. H., & Margalit, M. (2018). Test accommodations and positive affect among adolescents with learning disabilities: the mediating role of attitudes, academic selfefficacy, loneliness and hope. Athens Journal of Education, 5(4), 345-360.
  26. Esteron, M. A. S. (2021). Equity in Online Learning Amidst Pandemic in the Philippines.
  27. Gazo, A. M., Mahasneh, A. M., Abood, M. H., & Muhediat, F. A. (2020). Social Self-Efficacy and Its Relationship to Loneliness and Internet Addiction among Hashemite University Students. International Journal of Higher Education, 9(2), 144-155.
  28. Gorson, J., & O'Rourke, E. (2020, August). Why do cs1 students think they're bad at programming? investigating self-efficacy and self-assessments at three universities. In Proceedings of the 2020 ACM Conference on International Computing Education Research (pp. 170-181).
  29. Harish, H. (2021). Research Design. Research Methodology in Social Sciences: A Short Manual, 175.
  30. Hatlevik, O. E., Throndsen, I., Loi, M., & Gudmundsdottir, G. B. (2018). Students' ICT self-efficacy and computer and information literacy: Determinants and relationships. Computers & Education, 118, 107-119.
  31. Heiman, T., & Olenik-Shemesh, D. (2020). Social-emotional profile of children with and without learning disabilities: The relationships with perceived loneliness, self-efficacy and wellbeing. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(20), 7358.
  32. Hood, S., Barrickman, N., Djerdjian, N., Farr, M., Magner, S., Roychowdhury, H., ... & Hull, K. (2021). "I like and prefer to work alone": Social anxiety, academic self-efficacy, and students' perceptions of active learning. CBE—Life Sciences Education, 20(1), ar12.
  33. Hysing, M., Petrie, K. J., Bøe, T., Lønning, K. J., & Sivertsen, B. (2020). Only the lonely: a study of loneliness among university students in Norway.
  34. Icekson, T., Begerano, O. D., Levinson, M., Savariego, J., & Margalit, M. (2021). Learning Difficulties and Loneliness in College and Beyond: The Mediating Role of Self-Efficacy, Proactive Coping, and Hope. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 10508.
  35. Jin, Y., Zhang, M., Wang, Y., & An, J. (2020). The relationship between trait mindfulness, loneliness, regulatory emotional self efficacy, and subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 154, 109650.
  36. Kaufmann, R., & Vallade, J. I. (2020). Exploring connections in the online learning environment: student perceptions of rapport, climate, and loneliness. Interactive Learning Environments, 1-15.
  37. Klassen, R. M., & Klassen, J. R. (2018). Self-efficacy beliefs of medical students: a critical review. Perspectives on medical education, 7(2), 76-82.
  38. Labrague, L. J., De los Santos, J. A. A., & Falguera, C. (2021). Social and emotional loneliness among college students during the COVID-19 pandemic: the predictive role of coping behaviours, social support, and personal resilience.
  39. Lazić, M., Jovanović, V., & Gavrilov-Jerković, V. (2021). The general self-efficacy scale: New evidence of structural validity, measurement invariance, and predictive properties in relationship to subjective well-being in Serbian samples. Current psychology, 40(2), 699-710.
  40. Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., ... & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: the impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of COVID-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11), 1218-1239
  41. Marshman, E. M., Kalender, Z. Y., Nokes-Malach, T., Schunn, C., & Singh, C. (2018). Female students with A's have similar physics self-efficacy as male students with C's in introductory courses: A cause for alarm?. Physical review physics education research, 14(2), 020123.
  42. Martín-Rodríguez, A., Tornero-Aguilera, J. F., López-Pérez, P. J., & Clemente-Suárez, V. J. (2021). The effect of loneliness in psychological and behavioral profile among high school students in Spain. Sustainability, 14(1), 168.
  43. McIntyre, J. C., Worsley, J., Corcoran, R., Harrison Woods, P., & Bentall, R. P. (2018). Academic and non-academic predictors of student psychological distress: The role of social identity and loneliness. Journal of Mental Health, 27(3), 230-239.
  44. Misirlis, N., Zwaan, M., Sotiriou, A., & Weber, D. (2020). International students' loneliness, depression and stress levels in Covid-19 crisis: The role of social media and the host university. Journal of Contemporary Education Theory & Research (JCETR), 4(2), 20-25.
  45. Moeller, R. W., & Seehuus, M. (2019). Loneliness as a mediator for college students' social skills and experiences of depression and anxiety. Journal of adolescence, 73, 1-13.
  46. Mukhibin, A., & Himmah, W. I. (2020). An Analysis of Mathematical Self-Efficacy of the 10th Grade MIPA Students of MAN Salatiga. Indonesian Journal of Mathematics Education, 3(1), 8-14.
  47. Nazzal, F. I., Cruz, O., & Neto, F. (2018). Psychometric analysis of the short-form UCLA Loneliness Scale (ULS-6) among Palestinian university students. Interpersona: An International Journal on Personal Relationships, 11(2).
  48. Nottage, M. K., Oei, N. Y., Wolters, N., Klein, A., Van der Heijde, C. M., Vonk, P., ... & Koelen, J. (2022). Loneliness mediates the association between insecure attachment and mental health among university students. Personality and Individual Differences, 185, 111233.
  49. Nuñez, J. L. (2022). Lived Experience of Overcoming the Feeling of Isolation in Distance Learning in the Philippines: A Phenomenological Inquiry. Pakistan Journal Of Distance And Online Learning, 7(2).
  50. Pascual, B. G. (2019). The Implications Of Social Media in the Philippines
  51. Rostami, B., Moein, Z., Kamalian, T., Fakuor, E., & Amini, K. (2016). The relationship between loneliness and social self-efficacy in students. Journal of Educational Psychology, 7(2), 87-96.
  52. Shojaee, M., Shahidi, M., Cui, Y., & Mousavi, A. (2021). Measurement Invariance of R-UCLA Loneliness Scale Across Gender Using Differential Item Functioning (DIF).
  53. Simamora, R. E., & Saragih, S. (2019). Improving Students' Mathematical Problem Solving Ability and Self-Efficacy through Guided Discovery Learning in Local Culture Context. International Electronic Journal of Mathematics Education, 14(1), 61-72.
  54. Stratton, S. J. (2021). Population research: convenience sampling strategies. Prehospital and disaster Medicine, 36(4), 373-374.
  55. Thompson, G. (2020). Two thirds of the world's school-age children have no internet access at home, new UNICEF-ITU report says. UNICEF.
  56. Torres, J., & Alieto, E. (2019). English learning motivation and selfefficacy of Filipino senior high school students. Asian EFL Journal, 22(1), 51-72.
  57. Tsai, W., Wang, K. T., & Wei, M. (2017). Reciprocal relations between social self-efficacy and loneliness among Chinese international students. Asian American Journal of Psychology, 8(2), 94.
  58. Tulus, C. (2022). The Prevalence of Loneliness Among University Students: Analyzing the Intrinsic and Extrinsic Roots
  59. Tu, Y., & Zhang, S. (2015). Loneliness and subjective well-being among Chinese undergraduates: The mediating role of selfefficacy. Social Indicators Research, 124(3), 963-980.
  60. Tus, J., Barretto, R., Rayo, F., Crisostomo, J., Cruz, M. A., Mendoza, J., & Lubo, R. (2021).Filipino Translation and Validation of the General Self-Efficacy (GSE) Scale: Panukat ng Pangkalahatang Kakayahang Pansarili. International Journal of P s y c h o l o g y and C o u n s e l i n g , 11. 7 - 1 5 . 10.6084/m9.figs ha re .16570650.
  61. Tus, J. (2019). Students’ Personality, Self-Efficacy, and Its Impact on the Academic Performance of the Senior High School Students. Electronic Research Journal of Social Sciences and H u m a n i t i e s , 1 , 9 2 - 9 6 . https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figs ha re . 12250412.v1
  62. Twenge, J. M., Haidt, J., Blake, A. B., McAllister, C., Lemon, H., & Le Roy, A. (2021). Worldwide increases in adolescent loneliness. Journal of adolescence, 93, 257-269.
  63. Wang, J., Mann, F., Lloyd-Evans, B., Ma, R., & Johnson, S. (2018). Associations between loneliness and perceived social support and outcomes of mental health problems: a systematic review. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 1-16.
  64. Wardana, L. W., Narmaditya, B. S., Wibowo, A., Mahendra, A. M.,
  65. Wibowo, N. A., Harwida, G., & Rohman, A. N. (2020). The impact of entrepreneurship education and students' entrepreneurial mindset: the mediating role of attitude and self-efficacy. Heliyon, 6(9), e04922.
  66. Yang, S. Y., Fu, S. H., Wang, P. Y., Lin, Y. L., & Lin, P. H. (2020). Are the self-esteem, self-efficacy, and interpersonal interaction of junior c olle ge s tude nts re la te d to the solitude capacity? International journal of environmental research and public health, 17(21), 8274
  67. Yildirim, F., & Ilhan, I. Ö. (2010). The validity and reliability of the general self-efficacy scale-Turkish form. Turk Psikiyatri Dergisi, 21(4), 301.
  68. Zakharyeva, L. V. (2019). Self-efficacy: helping students of agrotechnical specialties believe in themselves.