Level of Awareness on Cultural Diversity and Cultural Thinking Skills Among Senior High School Students in San Pablo City
Niño Lito Jake Briones
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the relationship between the Level of Awareness on Cultural Diversity
and Cultural Thinking Skills among Senior High School Students in San Pablo City. It sought to
answer the following: What are the profiles of respondents as to age, birth order, gender, sexual
preferences, family structure, religion, place of residence, socio-economic status, and ethnicity? To
what extent are cultural diversity factors observed to respondents regarding values, beliefs, traditions,
and practices? What is the level of observation in cultural thinking skills regarding intercultural
engagement, cultural understanding, and intercultural communication? Is there a relationship between
the profile of the respondents and cultural thinking skills? Is there a relationship between cultural
diversity and cultural thinking skills among senior high school students? Three hundred thirty-six
students from 5 public senior high schools participated. Results revealed that respondents were
between 16 – 18 years old, females, first-born, and straight in sexual preferences. Most were from
nuclear families, Catholic, lived in urban barangays, belonged to the low-income class and Tagalog
was the major ethnic group. The level of awareness on cultural diversity concerning values and
practices were evaluated as Observed while beliefs and traditions were assessed as Moderately
Observed. The respondents’ cultural thinking skills, intercultural engagement, cultural understanding,
and intercultural communication were observed. Gender and place of residence correlate with cultural
understanding, while socio-economic status correlates with intercultural engagement. There’s a
correlation between the level of awareness of cultural diversity and the cultural thinking skills of
the respondents.
References:
- Abad, P. J. B., Tan, M. L., Baluyot, M. M. P., Villa, A. Q., Talapian, G. L., Reyes, M. E., Suarez, R. C., Sur, A. L. D., Aldemita, V. D. R., Padilla, C. D., & Laurino, M. Y. (2014). Cultural beliefs on disease causation in the Philippines: challenge and implications in genetic counseling. Journal of Community Genetics, 5(4), 399–407. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12687-014-0193-1
- Abulencia, A., Palces, K., & Reyes, W. (2015). Predicting the Priorities of Multicultural Education in a Philippine Teacher Education Institution: An Exploratory Study. Indicating the Priorities of Multicultural Education in a Philippine Teacher Education Institution: An Exploratory Study. Published. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283084227_Predicting_the_Priorities_of_Multicultural_Education_in_a_Philippine_Teacher_Education_Institution_An_Exploratory_Study
- Alampay, L. P., & Jocson, M. R. M. (2011). Attributions and Attitudes of Mothers and Fathers in the Philippines. Parenting, 11(2–3), 163–176. https://doi.org/10.1080/15295192.2011.585564
- Alismail, H. A. (2016). Multicultural Education: Teachers’ Perceptions and Preparation. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(11). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1099450.pdf
- Altan, M. Z. (2018). Intercultural Sensitivity. Journal of Intercultural Communication, 46.
- Azadboni, R. . (2011). Cultural Relativism and the Realistic Approach of Moral Values. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 7(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=1677
- Baliton, F. C.. (2015). Supervisory Traits concerning Cross-Cultural Skills and Attitudes of Southeast Asian Educational Administrators. IAMURE International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 12(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=2723
- Baltes, B., Hernandez, D., & Collins, C. (2015). Increasing Cultural Awareness Through a Cultural Awareness Program. Journal of Educational Research and Practice, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.5590/jerap.2015.05.1.01
- Bandala, I. (2018). Pistang Pamana, Pistang Naaayon: A Socio-cultural and Environmental Sustainability Framework for Town Fiestas. KnE Social Sciences, 3(6), 594. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i6.2407
- Bartolome, M. T., Mamat, N., & Masnan, A. H. (2017). Parental involvement in the Philippines: A review of pieces of literature. Southeast Asia Early Childhood Journal, 6, 41–50. https://doi.org/10.37134/saecj.vol6.5.2017
- Brooks, M. C., & Brooks, J. S. (2018). Culturally (or)relevant school leadership: Ethno-religious conflict and school administration in the Philippines. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1–24. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2018.1503819
- Bueno, C. F.. (2013). The Socio-Language Perspectives on the Filipino Cultural System of the Ilocano Society. UNP Research Journal, 22(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=7005
- Campos, B., & Kim, H. S. (2017). Incorporating the cultural diversity of family and close relationships into health study. American Psychologist, 72(6), 543–554. https://doi.org/10.1037/amp0000122
- Chen, G.-M. (2010). The Impact of Intercultural Sensitivity on Ethnocentrism and Intercultural Communication Apprehension. Intercultural Communication Studies. Published.
- Chen, G.-M. (2012). The Impact of New Media on Intercultural Communication in Global Context. China Media Research, 8(2).
- Cuerdo, R. l. & Maranan, T. M.. (2017). The Philippine Cultural Heritage Law on Architectural Heritage Conservation and Culture Education. International Journal of Sustainability Tourism and Hospitality Management, 17(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=11939
- Dagoc Jr., J. . (2013). Relationships Of The Demographic Profile Of Parents and their rearing practices to their children’s Academic Performance. The Paulinian Compass, 2(4). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=2413
- Ducanes, G., & Ocampo, D. J. (2020). The Impact of the new Senior High School Program on the School Participation of 16 and 17-year old learners in the Philippines. The Impact of the New Senior High School Program on the School Participation of 16 and 17-Year Old Learners in the Philippines. Published. http://ateneo.edu/sites/default/files/downloadable-files/ADMU%20WP%202020-12.pdf
- Fong, E. H., Ficklin, S., & Lee, H. Y. (2017). Increasing cultural understanding and diversity in applied behavior analysis. Behavior Analysis: Research and Practice, 17(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1037/bar0000076
- Godfrey, M., Kim, J., Eluère, M., & Eys, M. (2019). Diversity in cultural diversity research: a scoping review. International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 13(1), 128–146. https://doi.org/10.1080/1750984x.2019.1616316
- Glenda. (2017). The Influence of Cognitive Skills on the Core Values of Science Class Students. JPAIR Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 27(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=12282
- Gripaldo, R. (2014). Cultural Traditions, the Person, and Contemporary Change: The Philippine Experience. Cultural Traditions, the Person, and Contemporary Change: The Philippine Experience. Published.
- Gustafson, C. (2010). The Effects of Birth Order On Personality. The Effects of Birth Order On Personality. Published. https://alfredadler.edu/sites/default/files/Gustafson%20MP%202010.pdf
- Hernandez, T. A., & Cudiamat, M. A. (2018). Integrating Gender and Development (GAD) in the Classroom: The Case of Lucsuhin National High School, Department of Education-Philippines. KnE Social Sciences, 3(6), 1135. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i6.2430
- Hordern, J. (2016). Religion and culture. Medicine, 44(10), 589–592. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2016.07.011
- Hussey, H. D., Fleck, B. K., & Warner, R. M. (2010). Reducing Student Prejudice in Diversity-Infused Core Psychology Classes. College Teaching, 58(3), 85–92. https://doi.org/10.1080/87567550903418560
- Ishii, K., & Eisen, C. (2020). Socioeconomic Status and Cultural Difference. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Psychology. Published. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190236557.013.584
- Kosciw, J. G., Palmer, N. A., & Kull, R. M. (2014). Reflecting Resiliency: Openness About Sexual Orientation and/or Gender Identity and Its Relationship to Well-Being and Educational Outcomes for LGBT Students. American Journal of Community Psychology, 55(1–2), 167–178. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10464-014-9642-6
- Kulkarni, S. (2012). A Study on Cultural Diversity Management for Indian Organizations. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 37, 267–276. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2012.03.293
- Lagman, R. A., Yoo, G. J., Levine, E. G., Donnell, K. A., & Lim, H. R. (2012). “Leaving it to God” Religion and Spirituality among Filipina Immigrant Breast Cancer Survivors. Journal of Religion and Health, 53(2), 449–460. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-012-9648-z
- LANDRUM, N. E., DYBZINSKI, R. , SMAJLOVIC, A. & OHSOWSKI, B. M.. (2015). MANAGING FOR RESILIENCE LESSONS FROM ECOLOGY. Journal of Management for Global Sustainability, 3(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=16191
- Macaranas, J. R., & Macaranas, B. (2017, December). A Philosophical Review of Filipino values: Ambivalent values. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/349991771_A_PHILOSOPHICAL_REVIEW_OF_FILIPINO_VALUES_AMBIVALENT_VALUES
- Manalastas, E. J. (2013). Sexual Orientation and Suicide Risk in the Philippines: Evidence from a Nationally Representative Sample of Young Filipino Men. PHILIPPINE JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 1–13. https://pages.upd.edu.ph/sites/default/files/ejmanalastas/files/manalastas_2013_fil_gay_suicide_risk.pdf
- Montejo, R. P.. (2018). Intercultural Communication Challenges: Exploring the Minds of Call Center Agents. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13634
- Moreno, S. O.. (2009). Management of Culture and Arts in Selected Higher Education Institutions in Caraga, Southern Philippines. Liceo Journal of Higher Education Research, 6(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=1562
- Na, J., Huang, C. M., & Park, D. C. (2017a). When Age and Culture Interact in an Easy and Yet Cognitively Demanding Task: Older Adults, But Not Younger Adults, Showed the Expected Cultural Differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00457
- Na, J., Huang, C. M., & Park, D. C. (2017b). When Age and Culture Interact in an Easy and Yet Cognitively Demanding Task: Older Adults, But Not Younger Adults, Showed the Expected Cultural Differences. Frontiers in Psychology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.00457
- Pasley, K., & Petren, R. E. (2015). Family Structure. Encyclopedia of Family Studies, 1–4. https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119085621.wbefs016
- Pasana, C. R.. (2018). Ethnocentrism and Communication Apprehension among Indigenous People Students. Tin-aw, 2(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=13636
- Pearce, L. D., Hayward, G. M., Chassin, L., & Curran, P. J. (2018). The Increasing Diversity and Complexity of Family Structures for Adolescents. Journal of Research on Adolescence, 28(3), 591–608. https://doi.org/10.1111/jora.12391
- Permono, A. S., Solikhin, Sabir, M., & Rokhyati, U. (2020). Students’ Cross-Cultural Understanding: A Descriptive Study On Year-10 Senior High School Students Of Madrasah Mu’alimin Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF SCIENTIFIC & TECHNOLOGY RESEARCH, 9(1).
- Poralan, P. S., Babiera, R. M. & Habla, R. P.. (2012). Strengthening and Preserving Practices of Philippine Folk Dances in Relation to Cultural Awareness of Secondary Students of Davao City. UIC Research Journal, 18(2). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=2151
- Poralan, P. S.. (2014). Promotion of Cultural Competence in Relation to Affective Commitment of the Faculty in Tertiary Schools in Davao Region, Philippines. IAMURE International Journal of Education, 9(1). Retrieved from http://ejournals.ph/form/cite.php?id=3390
- Quaranta, J. (2017). Descriptive Correlational Research: Asthma Management by School Nurses. Descriptive Correlational Research: Asthma Management by School Nurses, 1. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526407696
- Quejada, A. C. (2017). Beliefs, Values, and Experiences of Filipino Christian Parents in Norway. Erasmus Mundus Master’s Programme in Social Work with Families and Children. Published.
- Ranaut, B. (2017). Why Teach Cultural Diversity Courses. International Journal of Arts and Humanities, 3(3).
- Reyes-Baybay, M. (2018). The Relationship of Birth Order and Academic Achievement of PUP Santa Rosa Campus Second Year Students. KnE Social Sciences, 3(6), 939. https://doi.org/10.18502/kss.v3i6.2431
- Soomro, S. A., Kazemian, B., & Mahar, I. H. (2015). The Importance of Culture in Second and Foreign Language Learning. SSRN Electronic Journal. Published. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.2656713
- Sousa, V. D., Driessnack, M., & Mendes, I. A. C. (2007). An overview of research designs relevant to nursing: Part 1: quantitative research designs. Revista Latino-Americana de Enfermagem, 15(3), 502–507. https://doi.org/10.1590/s0104-11692007000300022
- Sparkman, D. J., Eidelman, S., & Blanchar, J. C. (2016). Multicultural experiences reduce prejudice through personality shifts in Openness to Experience. European Journal of Social Psychology, 46(7), 840–853. https://doi.org/10.1002/ejsp.2189
- Van Houten, J. (2015). Intercultural Engagement. Foreign Language Annals, 48(2), 163–164. https://doi.org/10.1111/flan.12142
- Wang, W. C., Lee, C.-C., & Chu, Y.-C. (2011). Creating Radiant Thinking of Young Children through Mind Mapping. International Education Studies, 4(2), 112. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v4n2p111.
- Warner-Søderholm, G., & Kriger, M. (2014). The Art of Dealing with Religious and Cultural Diversity in the Classroom. International Journal of Business and Management, 9(10). https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v9n10p149