Online Teaching Skills and Online Teaching Readiness Among Secondary School Teachers: Basis for the Development of Competency Enhancement Program
Lorelyn Penaredonda | Julieta Nabos
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
The study aimed to evaluate the level of skills and readiness in online teaching of secondary school teachers in Santa Cruz
North District, Division of Marinduque. The level of competencies of secondary teachers in using online teaching platform in
terms of technical skills, communication skills, creativity skills, and content skills were given emphasis. The study also
determined the level of teachers’ readiness in the utilization of online teaching platforms. An investigation on the relationship
between the level of competencies and teachers’ readiness for online teaching was also included and an important part of the
study. The descriptive type of research was employed in the conduct of the study using a researcher-made questionnaire
validated by DepEd specialists in this field. The respondents of this study were all the secondary school teachers from the
seven schools of Santa Cruz North District. Complete or total enumeration was employed for 126 respondents. Data gathered
were analyzed using frequency, percentage, and mean in terms of teachers’ level of skills and readiness in online teaching.
When it comes to scale items or indicators, weighted mean was employed. On the other hand, in determining the relationship
of online teaching skills and the teachers’ readiness in online teaching, Spearman Rho Correlation was used since the data
gathered is an ordinal data. SPSS Software was utilized in doing the statistical tests. The study revealed that Santa Cruz North
secondary teachers are competent in technical skills, communication skills, creativity skills, and content skills. Based on the
analysis, these skills are needed to be addressed for the teachers to be highly competent in online teaching. The study also
discloses the fact that in terms of online teaching-learning readiness, teachers agreed that they are ready to teach online as
shown by their self-assessment in the following dimension: computer/internet self-efficacy, self-directed learning, teacher’s
control, motivation for teaching, and online communication self-efficacy. Since it was found out that the readiness of the
teachers in online teaching depends on their online teaching skills, the said skills must be honed more for them to become
highly ready. Study also manifested that there is a significant relationship between online teaching skills among teachers and
their readiness for online teaching, thus, the null hypothesis was rejected.
References:
- Aduba, D. & Mayowa-Adebara, O. (2021). Online Platforms Used for Teaching and Learning during the COVID-19 Era: The Case of LIS Students in Delta State University, Abraka. International Information & Library Review. 54. 1-36. https://doi.org/10.1080/10572317.2020.1869903
- Agbo, F. J., Olawumi, O., Oyelere, S. S., Kolog, E. A., Olaleye, S. A., Agjei, R. O., ... & Olawuni, A. (2020). Social Media Usage for Computing Education: The Effect of Tie Strength and Group Communication on Perceived Learning Outcome. International Journal of Education and Development using Information and Communication Technology, 16(1), 5-26. http://ijedict.dec.uwi.edu/.
- Ah-Choo Koo. (2008). Factors affecting teachers’ perceived readiness for online collaborative learning: A case study in Malaysia. Journal of Educational Technology & Society, 11(1), 266–278. http://www.jstor.org/stable/jeductechsoci.11.1.266
- Ajzen, I., & Driver, B. L. (1991). Prediction of leisure participation from behavioral, normative, and control beliefs: An application of the theory of planned behavior. Leisure sciences, 13(3), 185-204. https://10.1080/01490409109513137.
- Akakandelwa, A., & Walubita, G. (2018). Students’ social media use and its perceived impact on their social life: A case study of the University of Zambia. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328389136_Students'_Soci al_Media_Use_and_its_Perceived_Impact_on_their_Social_Life_A _Case_Study_of_the_University_of_Zambia Albrahim, F. (2020). Online Teaching Skills and Competencies. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 19 (1). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1239983.pdf
- Anderson, T., Garrison, D. R., Archer, W., & Rourke, L. (2000). Methodological issues in the content analysis of computer conference transcripts.
- Beach, P. (2016). Self-directed online learning: A theoretical model for understanding elementary teachers' online learning experiences. Teaching and Teacher Education Volume 61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.10.007
- Beatty, B. (1998). From laws of learning to a science of values: Efficiency and morality in Thorndike's educational psychology. American Psychologist, 53(10), 1145. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.53.10.1145
- Borotis, S., & Poulymenakou, A. (2004). E-learning readiness components: Key issues to consider before adopting e-learning interventions. In E-Learn: World Conference on E-Learning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1622-1629). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE). https://www.learntechlib.org/primary/p/11555/
- Cahapay, M. B., & Anoba, J. L. D. (2020). The readiness of teachers on blended learning transition for post COVID-19 period: An assessment using parallel mixed method. PUPIL: International Journal of Teaching, Education and Learning, 4(2), 295-316.
- Canton, H. (2021). United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization—UNESCO. In The Europa Directory of International Organizations 2021 (pp. 359-365). Routledge.
- Comunello, F. (2010). From the digital divide to multiple divides: Technology, society, and new media skills. In Handbook of research on overcoming digital divides: Constructing an equitable and competitive information society (pp. 588-605). IGI Global.
- Cutri, R. M., Mena, J., & Whiting, E. F. (2020). Faculty readiness for online crisis teaching: transitioning to online teaching during the COVID-19 pandemic. European Journal of Teacher Education, 43(4), 523-541.
- Downing, J. & Dyment, J. (2013) Teacher Educators' Readiness, Preparation, and Perceptions of Preparing Preservice Teachers in a Fully Online Environment: An Exploratory Study, The Teacher Educator, 48:2, 96-109, https://10.1080/08878730.2012.760023
- Gonong, G. O., Jocson, J. V., Pegg, J., & Hardy, J. (2019). Updated Manual: Results-based Performance Management System (RPMS) for Teachers and School Heads.
- Hayes, A. (2021) Digital Immigrant Definition. https://www.investopedia.com/terms/d/digital-immigrant.asp
- Harnett, M. (2016) Motivation in Online Education. Springer Science+Business Media Singapore 2016\. https://link.springer.com/book/10.1007/978-981-10-0700-2
- Harasim, L. (2012). Learning Theory and Online Technologies. Learning Theory and Online Technologies. 1-192. https://10.4324/9780203846933.
- Huang, H. M. (2002). Toward constructivism for adult learners in online learning environments. British journal of educational technology, 33(1), 27-37. https://doi.org/10.1111/1467-8535.00236
- Husni, H. (2019). Moderate Muslims’ Views on Multicultural Education, Freedom Of Expression, And Social Media Hate Speech: An Empirical Study In West Java Indonesia. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 199-224. https://doi.org/10.36667/jppi.v7i2.370
- Hung, M. L., Chou, C., Chen, C. H., & Own, Z. Y. (2010). Learner readiness for online learning: Scale development and student perceptions. Computers & Education, 55(3), 1080-1090. https://www.learntechlib.org/p/66872/.
- Information and communication technology (ICT) in education | Unesco IIEP Learning Portal. (2012).https://learningportal.iiep.unesco.org/en/issue-briefs/improve -learning/information-and-communication-technology-ict-ineducation
- Joy, R. (2018). Teachers’ Readiness in Online Teaching Environment: A Case of Department of Education Teachers. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=3331115
- Junus, K., Santoso, H. B., Putra, P. O. H., Gandhi, A., & Siswantining, T. (2021). Lecturer readiness for online classes during the pandemic: A survey research. Education sciences, 11(3), 139. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11030139
- Karaseva, A. (2016). Relationship of Internet self-efficacy and online search performance of secondary school teachers. ProcediaSocial and Behavioral Sciences, 231, 278-285. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.09.103.
- Kibici, V. B., & Sarıkaya, M. (2021). Readiness levels of music teachers for online learning during the COVID 19 pandemic. International Journal of Technology in Education (IJTE), 4(3), 501-515. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1311478.pdf
- Labaree, D. F. (2005). Progressivism, schools and schools of education: An American romance. Paedagogica Historica, 41(1-2), 275–288. https://doi.org/10.1080/0030923042000335583
- Ma, K., Chutiyami, M., Zhang, Y., & Nicoll, S. (2021). Online teaching self-efficacy during COVID-19: Changes, its associated factors and moderators. Education and information technologies, 26(6), 6675-6697.
- Maheshwari, G. (2021). Factors affecting students’ intentions to undertake online learning: an empirical study in Vietnam. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 6629-6649.
- Masmali, A., & Alghamdi, F. (2021). Factors Influencing Teachers’ Continuation of Online Learning in Elementary Schools. International Education Studies, 14(12), 31. https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v14n12p31
- Moore, R. L. (2014). Importance of developing community in distance education courses. TechTrends, 58(2), 20-24. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11528-014-0733-x Muste, D. (2016). The Role of Communication Skills in Teaching Process. https://doi.org/10.15405/epsbs.2016.12.52
- Noor, S., Isa, F. M., & Mazhar, F. F. (2020). Online teaching practices during the COVID-19 pandemic. Educational Process: International Journal, 9(3), 169-184. http://dx.doi.org/10.22521/edupij.2020.93.4
- Oddi, L. F. (1987). Perspectives on self-directed learning. Adult Education Quarterly, 38(1), 21-31. https://doi.org/10.1177/0001848187038001003
- Osahenye, K. (2011). The social media challenge. The Guardian, 52. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330354796_SOCIAL_MEDIA_AND_LIBRARY_SERVICES_POINTS_OF_CONVERGENCE
- Paloff, R.M., and Pratt, K. (2011) The excellent online instructor: Strategies for professional development. San Francisco, CA: Jossey. Bass https://web.augsburg.edu/ctl/Online_Fac_Dev_Research_Summary. pdf
- Policy guidelines for the provision of learning resources in the implementation of the basic education learning continuity plan. (n.d.). https://www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2020/08/DO_s2020_018.pdf
- Putri, R. S., Purwanto, A., Pramono, R., Asbari, M., Wijayanti, L. M., & Hyun, C. C. (2020). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on online home learning: An explorative study of primary schools in Indonesia. International Journal of Advanced Science and Technology, 29(5), 4809-4818.
- Rafique, G. M., Mahmood, K., Warraich, N. F., & Rehman, S. U. (2021). Readiness for Online Learning during COVID-19 pandemic: A survey of Pakistani LIS students. The Journal of Academic Librarianship, 47(3), 102346.
- Howard, S. K., Tondeur, J., Siddiq, F., & Scherer, R. (2021). Ready, set, go! Profiling teachers’ readiness for online teaching in secondary education. Technology, Pedagogy and Education, 30(1), 141-158
- Riemer, M. J. (2002). English and communication skills for the global engineer. Global J. of Engng. Educ, 6(1), 91-100. http://www.wiete.com.au/journals/GJEE/Publish/ vol6no1/Riemer.pdf
- Saboowala, R., & Manghirmalani Mishra, P. (2021). Readiness of In-service Teachers Toward an Online Learning Approach as a Learning Pedagogy in the Post-COVID-19 Era. Journal of Educational Technology Systems, 004723952110152. https://doi.org/10.1177/00472395211015232
- Santos, G., Ramos, E., Escola, J., & Reis, M. (2019). ICT Skills and School Performance. The Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology, 18(2). https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1211197.pdf
- Salmon, G. (2003). E-moderating: The key to teaching and learning online. http://lst-iiep.iiep-unesco.org/cgi-bin/wwwi32.exe/[in=epidoc1.in]/?t 2000=010909/(100) Second.
- Schwab, K. (2017). The fourth industrial revolution. Currency.
- Schwier, R. A., Morrison, D., & Daniel, B. K. (2009). A Preliminary Investigation of Self-Directed Learning Activities in a Non-Formal Blended Learning Environment. Online Submission. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED509957.pdf
- Shisley, S. (2020). Emergency remote learning compared to online learning. Learning Solutions, 1-15. https://learningsolutionsmag.com/articles/emergency-remote-learnin g-compared-to-online-learning.
- Singer, E. A., Irby, B. J., Pugliese, E., Elfaragy, H., Lara-Alecio, R., & Tong, F. (2022). Perceived Effectiveness of Virtual Mentoring and Coaching on Teachers’ of ELL’s Pedagogical Practices During COVID-19. European Scientific Journal, ESJ, 9, 251. https://eujournal.org/index.php/esj/article/view/15831
- Solis, A. (2009). Pedagogical content knowledge: What matters most in the professional learning of content teachers in classrooms with diverse student populations. Intercultural Development Research Association (IDRA) newsletter. https://www.idra.org/resource-center/pedagogical-content-knowledg e/
- Sternberg, R. J. (2001). What is the common thread of creativity? Its dialectical relation to intelligence and wisdom. American Psychologist, 56(4), 360.
- Teaching creatively: What is creativity? (2020). https://www.onestopenglish.com/methodology-tips-for-teachers/teac hing-creatively-what-is-creativity/555641.article
- Use of Technology in Teaching and Learning | U.S. Department of Education. (2021). https://www.ed.gov/oii-news/use-technology-teaching-and-learning
- Van Gorp, K., Giupponi, L., Heidrich Uebel, E., Dursun, A., & Swinehart, N. (2019). Defining teachers’ readiness for online language teaching: toward a unified framework. CALL and Complexity – Short Papers from EUROCALL 2019, 373–378. https://doi.org/10.14705/rpnet.2019.38.1039
- Variables affecting online learning readiness in an open and distance learning university. (2020). https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/09523987.2020.1786 772
- Ventayen, R. J. M., Salcedo, R., Orlanda-Ventayen, C. C., Ventayen, L. M., & Ventayen, T. J. M. (2019). Senior High School Teachers’ Practices and Readiness in Blended Learning Environment: Basis for a Blended Learning Preparedness Framework. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 9(2). http://www.ijstr.org/final-print/feb2020/Senior-High-School-Teache rs-Practices-And-Readiness-In-Blended-Learning-EnvironmentBasis-For-A-Blended-Learning-Preparedness-Framework.pd
- Vukadin, M. (2021) Let's Speak Up: Engaging Young Learners with (8) Chit-chat Activities. https://blog.genial.ly/en/techniques-online-communication-studentsand-teachers/
- View of Online Learning Readiness Among University Students in Malaysia Amidst Covid-19. (2022). https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/AJUE/article/view/10294/48 72
- Wu, S.-Y. (2021). How Teachers Conduct Online Teaching During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Case Study of Taiwan. Frontiers in Education, 6. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.675434
- Yao, M. Z., & Ling, R. (2020). “What is computer-mediated communication?”—An introduction to the special issue. Journal of Computer-Mediated Communication, 25(1), 4-8. https:// 10.1093/jcmc/zmz027