The Moderating Role of Social Networking Use on the Relationship of Subjective Loneliness and Psychological Well-Being Among Generation Z Adults During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Jade Ibhar Cuambot
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
The COVID-19 pandemic drastically affected the lives of the people in an adverse manner.
Government and non-government agencies across the globe have taken protective measures and
protocols just for them to protect the public against the threat of the virus. Such protocols and
measures were the announcement on putting many places all over the world in total lockdown for the
virus to be controlled and to avoid further increase of damage. In line with this, people began to
experience increase level of loneliness since they have been physically separated with their
colleagues, peers, family, and loved ones for quite some time. It must be noted that such experience
does take a toll on their overall psychological well-being as they slowly suffer from impeded personal
self-growth, self-acceptance, purpose in life, establishment of positive and meaningful relationship
towards other people, decreased environmental mastery, and hindered autonomy. With the causal
relationship shared by the loneliness and psychological well-being variables, it is then the aim of the
current study to further expand one’s comprehension regarding the said association. The social
networking use will be utilized as a construct that could possibly moderate the identified relationship.
To conduct the study, online survey questionnaires was used among 123 Filipino Generation Z adults.
The gathered data was analyzed using SPSS. In line with the hypothesis, results showed that the
social networking use variable successfully moderated the causal relationship of loneliness and
psychological well-being.
References:
- Bhagchandani, R. (2017). Effect of Loneliness on the Psychological Well-Being of College Students. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 7(1), 60-64. https:// doi: 10.18178/ijssh.2017.7.1.796Barber, C. (2018). Loneliness and Mental Health. British Journal of Mental Health Nursing, 7(5), 209– 214.
- Creese, B., Khan, Z., Henley, W., O’Dwyer, S., Corbett, A., Vasconcelos Da Silva, M., Mills, K., Wright, N., Testad, I., Aarsland, D., & Ballard, C. (2020). Loneliness, physical activity, and mental health during COVID-19: A longitudinal analysis of depression and anxiety in adults over the age of 50 between 2015 and 2020. International Psychogeriatrics, 33(5), 505–514.
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2006). Hedonia, eudaimonia, and wellbeing: An introduction. Journal of Happiness Studies, 9(1), 1–11.
- Dossey, L. (2020). Loneliness and health. EXPLORE, 16(2), 75–78.
- Ercole, V., & Parr, J. (2019). Problems of loneliness and its impact on health and well-being. Encyclopedia of the UN Sustainable Development Goals, 1–12.
- Froese, T., & Gallagher, S. (2012). Getting interaction theory (it) together. Interaction Studies, 13(3), 436–468.
- Gupta, S., & Bashir, L. (2018). Social Networking Usage Questionnaire: Development and validation in an Indian higher education context. Turkish Online Journal of Distance Education, 214–227.
- Kemp, S. (2022, February 10). Digital 2022: Global Overview Report - DataReportal – Global Digital Insights. DataReportal.
- Khan, M. S., & Kadoya, Y. (2021). Loneliness during the covid-19 pandemic: A comparison between older and younger people. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(15), 7871.
- Loades, M. E., Chatburn, E., Higson-Sweeney, N., Reynolds, S., Shafran, R., Brigden, A., Linney, C., McManus, M. N., Borwick, C., & Crawley, E. (2020). Rapid systematic review: The impact of social isolation and loneliness on the mental health of children and adolescents in the context of covid-19. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 59(11).
- Mäkiniemi, J.-P., Oksanen, A., & Mäkikangas, A. (2021). Loneliness and well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic: The moderating roles of personal, social and organizational resources on perceived stress and exhaustion among Finnish University employees. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(13), 7146.
- Nguyen, M. H., Gruber, J., Marler, W., Hunsaker, A., Fuchs, J., & Hargittai, E. (2021). Staying connected while physically apart: Digital Communication when face-to-face interactions are limited. New Media & Society, 146144482098544.
- Okdie, B. M., Guadagno, R. E., Bernieri, F. J., Geers, A. L., & Mclarney-Vesotski, A. R. (2011). Getting to know you: Face-to-face versus online interactions. Computers in Human Behavior, 27(1), 153–159.
- O’Sullivan, R., Burns, A., Leavey, G., Leroi, I., Burholt, V., Lubben, J., Holt-Lunstad, J., Victor, C., Lawlor, B., Vilar-Compte, M., Perissinotto, C. M., Tully, M. A., Sullivan, M. P., Rosato, M., Power, J. M. H., Tiilikainen, E., & Prohaska, T. R. (2021). Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on loneliness and Social Isolation: A multi-country study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(19), 9982.
- Richard, A., Rohrmann, S., Vandeleur, C. L., Schmid, M., Barth, J., & Eichholzer, M. (2017). Loneliness is adversely associated with physical and mental health and lifestyle factors: Results from a Swiss National Survey. PLOS ONE, 12(7).
- Van Tilburg, T. G., Steinmetz, S., Stolte, E., van der Roest, H., & de Vries, D. H. (2020). Loneliness and mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A study among Dutch older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(7).
- Winefield, H. R., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., & Pilkington, R. M. (2012). Psychological well-being and psychological distress: Is it necessary to measure both? Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 2(1), 3. study among Dutch older adults. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 76(7).
- Winefield, H. R., Gill, T. K., Taylor, A. W., & Pilkington, R. M. (2012). Psychological well-being and psychological distress: Is it necessary to measure both? Psychology of Well-Being: Theory, Research and Practice, 2(1), 3.