English Language Learning Experiences of Differently Abled Learners: A Multiple Case Study
Roland Lasin
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This multiple case study was conducted among three differently abled learners having mouth
deformity, leg impairment, and hearing impairment respectively from Schools Division of Cotabato
City. It aimed to find out their English language learning experiences. Specifically, it sought answers
to the central question “What are the English language learning experiences of the differently abled
learners?” This study adapted the theory of positive reinforcement as explained by Munavar. In-depth
interviews with differently abled learners and Focused Group Discussion involving the parents and
advisers were conducted. The study generated four significant themes as follow: (1) physical
disability; (2) bullying; (3) minimal English Learning support at home; and (4) pacing of instructions
and activities in a regular class. This study concludes that differently abled learners have difficulty in
learning English language due to their condition
References:
- Achieve Australia. (2019). What is a Physical D isability? R e t r i e v e d M a y 2 , 2 0 1 9 , f r o m https://achieveaustralia.org.au/disability-services/physical-disability/
- Adi, S.S., Unsiah, F., & Fadhilah, D. (2017). Teaching Special Students: English Lessons for Deaf Students in Indonesian Special Junior High School. International Journal of Education and Research, 15(12), ISSN: 2411-5681. Retrieved on May 6, 2019, from: https://www.ijern.com/journal/2017/December-2017/10.pdf
- Australian Disability ClearingHouse on Education and Training. (n.d.). Physical Disability. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://www.adcet.edu.au/inclusive-teaching/specific-disabilities/phy sical-disability
- Boston University Professional Education. (2019). Peer Relations and Learning - Peer Relationships, Learning Motivation and Relationships, Classroom Dynamics. Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://education.stateuniversity.com/pages/2315/Peer-Relations-Lea rning.htm
- Busch, S. "Students who are deaf/hard of hearing with learning challenges: Strategies for classroom instruction" (2012).Independent Studies and Capstones.Paper 649. Program in Audiology and Communication Sciences, Washington University S c h o o l o f Medicine. http://digitalcommons.wustl.edu/pacs_capstones/649
- Collier, V. et al. (1997). Language Proficiency and Academic S u c c e s s Accessedat:https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=collier+et+al.+( 1997)+english+proficiency&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=schola
- Cumming, J. (2014. Assessing English Language ProficiencyA c c e s s e d at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/260119574_Assessing_IntegratedSkills
- Delaney, M. (2018). Teaching English to learners with Special Educational Needs (SENs) – Myths and realities. Retrieved May 6, 2 0 1 9 , f r o m https://www.teachingenglish.org.uk/article/teaching-english-learners-special-educational-needs-sens-–-myths-realities
- Evans, B. (2000). Education System for Children with Special N e e d s A c c e s s e d a t : https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_vis=1&q=evans+2000+educational+system&oq=evans+2000+educational+s
- Garcia, A. & Dominguez, N. (2007) Conceptualizing Education for L e a r n e r s w ith S p e c i a l N e e ds A c c e s s e d a t: https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=garcia+%26+dominguez+children+education&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
- Geogeson, J. et al. (2014)., Learners with Special Needs Accessed at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272392132_Not_the_right_kind_of_'digital_capital'_An_examination_of_the_complex_relationship_between_disabled_students_their_technologies_and_higher_education_institutions
- Graham, F. & Perrin, H. (2017) Taking the Long View of English D e v e l o p m e n t A c c e s s e d : https://researchbank.acu.edu.au/feapub/4269/
- Government of India Planning Commission. (2002). A HANDBOOK FOR PARENTS OF CHILDREN WITH DISABILITIES. 1-2. R e t r i e v e d M a y 2 , 2 0 1 9 , f r o m http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:NmSOvZbb3ScJ:planningcommission.nic.in/reports/sereport/ser/stdy_ied.pdf&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph&client=firefox-b-d
- Heiman, T. & Precel, K ( 2003). Students with Learning Disabilities A c c e s s e d at: https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntvnsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1093354
- John, M. (2004). Substantiating Knowledge and Development A c c e s s e d a t : https://www.soasadf.org/blog/2018/1/16/substantiating-development-toward-anepistemology-sensitive-development-as-freedom-c868x
- Karmel, T., & Nguyen, N. (2007, November 30). Disability and Learning Outcomes: How Much Does the Disability Really Matter? O ccas ional Paper . Retrieved May 2, 2019, from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=ED503404
- Kemp, G., Smith, M., & Segal, J. (2019, March 20). Helping Children with Learning Disabilities. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from https://www.helpguide.org/articles/autism-learning-disabilities/helpi ng-children-with-learning-disabilities.htm/
- Kirk, J.et al (2013) Attitude Towards Inclusion of Children with D i s a b i l i t i e s A c e s s e d a t : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228855456_Attitudes_toward_inclusion_of_children_with_special_needs_in_regular_schools_A_case_study_from_parents'_perspective
- Kluth, C. et al. (2001) The Benefits and Disadvantage of Inclusive E d u c a t i o n i n S c h o o l i n g A c c e s s e d a t : https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=Kluth+et+al.+(2001)+inclusion&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholar
- K ra she n’s Monitor Model (1980) , A cc ess ed at: https ://www .sk.c om.br/sk -krash -e nglish.html
- Kronberg, R. (n.d.). Utilizing Differentiated Instruction for English Language Learners with Disabilities. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from https://ici.umn.edu/products/impact/261/8.html
- Lacson, M. (2017, February 25). DepEd Ensures Inclusive Education for Learners with Special Needs. SunStar Philippines. R e t r i e v e d M a y 6 , 2 0 1 9 , f r o m https://www.sunstar.com.ph/article/128141
- Laron, J. (2015) Access to Quality Education for Students with S p e c i a l N e e d s A c c e s s e d a t : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/283193433_Lesson_from_50_years_of_study_of_laron_syndrome
- Lobatón, G., & Carolina, J. (2010, August 1). Peer Interaction: A Social Perspective towards the Development of Foreign Language L e a r n i n g . R e t r i e v e d A p r i l 16, 2019, f r o m http://www.scielo.org.co/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S165707902011000100012
- MacArthur, B. et al. (2003). Early Delayed Language Development Accessed at: https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/journal-ofchild-language/article/early-delayed-language-development-in-verypreterm-infants-evidence-from-the-macarthurbatescdi/430D6E1878D58091704E55D785319C28
- Madden, N. et al. (1991). Classroom Instruction and Teaching A c c e s s e d at: https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=Madden+et+al.+(1991)+classroom+instruction&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
- McCullough, R. (2005). Developing Disability -Inclusive Education I n d i c a t o r in P a c i f i c I s l a n d A c c e s s e d a t : https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=McCullough+(2005)+inclusive+education&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
- McPhail, J. & Freeman, J. (2005). Beyond Prejudices: Thinking T o w a r d I n c l u s i o n A c c e s s e d a t : https://www.researchgate.net/publication/229730016_Beyond_Prejudice_Thinking_Toward_Genuine_Inclusion
- Moir, A. (2014) Coping Strategies for Students Accessed at: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/304451993_Coping_Strategies_for_Students
- Munavar, R. (2014, August 21). 8 Things To Keep In Mind When Teaching Differently Abled Children. Retrieved May 10, 2019, from http://theteachersdigest.com/8-things-to-keep-in-mind-when-teachin g-differently-abled-children/
- National Council of Educational Research and Training. (2006). Education Of Children With Special Needs. Retrieved May 6, 2019, f r o m http://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:yUyfnUsYxKkJ:www.ncert.nic.in/new_ncert/ncert/rightside/links/pdf/focus_group/special_ed_final1.pdf&cd=1&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph&client=firefox-b-d
- Ortiz, A. (2019). English Language Learners with Special Needs: Effective Instructional Strategies. Retrieved May 6, 2019, from http://www.ldonline.org/article/5622/
- Oxford, R. (1990) Language Learning Strategies: Concepts and R e l a t i o n s h i p s A c c e s s e d at: https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=oxford+rebecca+language+learning+strategies&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholar
- Oxford, R. (2008) Language Learning Styles and Strategies Accessed at: http://web.ntpu.edu.tw/~language/workshop/read2.pdf
- ParentingforBrain.com. (2019, April 30). Positive And Negative Reinforcement (Examples, Punishment). Retrieved April 16, 2019, f r o m https://www.parentingforbrain.com/difference-between-positive-negative-reinforcementand-punishment/
- "Personal experience." Definitions.net. STANDS4 LLC, 2019. Web. 2 May 2019. .
- Quest, K. L. (2019). Reinforcement in the Classroom. Retrieved A p r i l 1 6 , 2 0 1 9 , f r o m https://www.iidc.indiana.edu/pages/reinforcement-in-the-classroom
- Randiki, F. (2002) Factors Influencing Inclusive Education for C h i l d r e n D i s a b i l i t i e s A c c e s s e d a t : http://erepository.uonbi.ac.ke/bitstream/handle/11295/92842/Onyuka%2C%20Randiki%20F_Factors%20influencing%20implementation%20of%20inclusive%20education%20in%20primary%20schools%20in%20ifo%20refugee%20camp%20dadaab%2C%20garisa%20county%2C%20kenya..pdf?sequence=3&isAllowed=y
- Reiser, R. (2002). Inclusive Education for Students with Special N e e d s A c c e s s s e d a t : https://scholar.google.com.ph/scholar?q=reiser+2002+inclusive&hl=en&as_sdt=0&as_vis=1&oi=scholart
- Rubin, C. (2005) Direct and Indirect Learning Strategies Accessed a t : http://www.worldscientificnews.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/06/WSN-7-2015-179-206.pdf
- Savadatti Organization. (2017). Educational Needs of DifferentlyA ble d C hildre n . R e trie ve d May 6, 2019, from https://webcache.googleusercontent.com/search?q=cache:CPbsRUX_3WEJ:https://numerons.files.wordpress.com/2012/04/11-educational-needs-of-differently-abled-children.pdf&cd=6&hl=en&ct=clnk&gl=ph&client=firefox-b-d
- Smith, J. et al. (2012). Teaching Students With Special Needs in I n c l u s i v e E d u c a t i o n A c c s e s s e d a t : https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/3/013 377337X.pdf
- Snyder, C. R., & Dinoff, B. L. (1999). Coping: Where Have You Been? In C. R. Snyder (Ed.), Coping: The Psychology of What Works (pp. 3-19). New York: Oxford University Press. https://doi.org/10.1093/med:psych/9780195119343.001.0001
- Swerling , L.(2006). Learning Disabilities in English Language Learners Accsessed at: http://www.ldonline.org/article/21011/
- Texas School Guide. (2019). What is School Environment? R e t r i e v e d A p r i l 1 6 , 2 0 1 9 , f r o m https://texasschoolguide.org/understanding-schools/understanding-sc hool-environment/
- Tomko, J. (2016). Preparing Youth for an Inclusive and S u s t a i n a b l e E d u c a t i o n A c c e s s e d a t : https://www.oecd.org/education/Global-competency-for-an-inclusiv e-world.pdf
- Valdez, G. & Figueroa, J (2009) Bilingualism and Psychometrics A c c e s s e d a t : https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/153450849101700107
- Yates, A. & Ortiz , R.(2018). Preparing Teachers to Serve English Learners with Language Difficulties and Disabilities Accessed at: https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0888406418757035