HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 8 no. 3 (2023)

Teachers’ Motivation in Pursuing Professional Development: Its Relationship to their Ascribed Competencies

Bailani Awa | Genevieve Torino

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The general objective of this study was to determine the level of teachers’ ascribed competencies in the Municipality of Aleosan. It looked into their demographic profile, professional development programs attended, motivation in pursuing professional development, and level of ascribed competencies in the aspect of knowledge of subject matter, dedication to teaching, classroom organization and management, instructional organization, instructional implementation, and monitoring of pupil’s progress and potential. Majority of the teachers were in the age bracket of 36- 41, most are female with master’s units, teaching for more than 13 years, and designated as Teacher1. In addition, they had attended seminars related to computer literacy to enhance their teaching skills and strategies, and these teachers pursue professional development to support their overall growth. Moreover, teachers were highly competent when it comes to their level of ascribed competencies as assessed by the respondents. However, no significant difference was found between the level of teacher’s ascribed competencies when grouped according to educational attainment and position. Lastly, findings revealed that pursuing professional development influences all teachers’ ascribed competencies. The more motivated teachers are, the more competent they are.



References:

  1. Admiraal, W. (2014). E-assessment of student-teachers’ competence as new teachers. TOJET: The Turkeys Online Journal of educational Technology-October 2014, volume 13 issue 4
  2. Aldosemani, T. (2019). Inservice teachers’ perceptions of a professional development plan based on SAMR model: a case study. Turkish Online Journal of Educational Technology. 18(3). 46-53. Retrieved from: https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1223786
  3. Altun, S. et al. (2018). The effects of the research lesson study (RIS) model on teachers’ professional development, 2018. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences 10 (3) . DOI:10.15345/iojes.2018.03.014
  4. Amalia, L. & Sarswati, T. (2018). The impact of competencies toward teacher’s performance moderated by a certification in Indonesia. knE Social Sciences 3(10). Doi:10.18502/kss.v3i10.3363
  5. American Institutes for Research AIR (2016). Promoting teacher effectiveness in adult education project (EDCFO-10-A-0066). US Department of Education
  6. Appova, A. & Arbaugh, F. (2017). Teachers’ motivation to learn: implications for supporting professional growth. Professional D e v e l o p m e n t i n E d u c a t i o n . 4 4 . h ttp s://do i.o rg/1 0.1080 /194 15 257 .201 7.1 2805 24
  7. Asia Society (2015). Implementing highly effective teacher policy and practice. International Summit on the Teaching Profession. R e t r i e v e d f r o m : https://asiasociety.org/education/implementing-higly-effective-teacher-policy-and-practice.
  8. Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in teaching and teacher education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher E d u c a t i o n , 2 7 , 1 0 - 2 0 . R e t r i e v e d f r o m https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
  9. Avidov-Ungar, O. (2016). A model of professional development: Teachers’ perceptions of their professional development. Teachers a n d T e a c h i n g . 2 2 . 1 - 1 7 . h ttp s://do i.o rg/1 0.1080 /135 40 602 .201 6.1 1589 5
  10. Aziz, F. et al. (2014). Relationship between teachers’ competencies a n d m o t i v a t i o n . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : http://pscpesh.org/PDFs/PJ/Volume_50/11_Fakhra.pdf
  11. Bailey, K., Beasley, S. & Swafford M. (2014). Positive learning environments enhance student achievement. The Effective Teacher E d u c a t o r . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : http://teachingonpurpose.org/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/Wannarka-O.-2015.-Organization-in-the-classroom.pdf
  12. Balagtas, M.U., et al. (20160. 21st Century teachers’ image to stakeholders of teacher education institution in the Philippines, P h i l i p p i n e No rm al C o l l eg e . R e t r i e v e d fro m: https://creativecommons.org/license/by/4
  13. Ball, T. (2018). Top 5 Technical advances of the 21st Century. Computer business review site. Retrieved September 2020 from https://www.cbronline.com/list/top-5-technological-advances-21st-century
  14. Bandura, A. (1977). Self-efficacy: toward a unifying theory of b e h a v i o r a l c h a n g e . P s y c h o l . R e v . 8 4 , 1 91 -21 5.d oi:10 .103 7/0 033 -295 x.8 4.2 .1 91
  15. Bangao, B. (2020). Competency level of junior high school science teachers in mountain province, Philippines. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt/Egyptology 17(2), 547-558. ISSN 1567-214X
  16. Barge, J. (2012). Teacher keys evaluation system handbook, Georgia Department of Education, Interim Committee 2012TKESH Book Center
  17. Bayar, A. (2014). The components of effective professional activities in terms of teachers’ perspective. International Online Journal of Educational Sciences 6 (2):319-327. DOI:10.15345/iojes.2014.02.006
  18. Bascia, N. (2014). The school context model: how school environments shape students’ opportunities to learn. In measuring what matters, people for education. Toronto publishing center
  19. Bigsby, J. & Firestone, W. (2017). Why teachers participate in professional development: lessons from a schoolwide study group. T h e N e w E d u c a t o r . 3 1 ( 1 ) . 7 2 - 9 3 . h ttp s://do i.o rg/1 0.1080 /154 76 88 X.2015 .1 0637 43
  20. Bodur Y. (2019). Teachers’ perceptions of an online professional development experience: implications for a design and implementation framework. Teaching and Teacher Education.77. 19-30. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.TATE.2018.09.004
  21. Bongco, R.T. & David, A.P. (2020). Filipino teacher’s experiences as curriculum policy implementers in the evolving K to 12 landscape. Issues in Educational Research, 30(1), 19- 34. https://www.iier.org.au/iie30/bongco.pdf
  22. Boston Public Schools (2020). I-A-1: Subject matter knowledge. Retrieved from: https://www.bostonpublicschool.org
  23. Bozkus, K. (2019). The application of the dynamic teacher professional development through experimental action research. International Electronic Journal of Elementary Education. 11. 335- 352. https://doi.org/10.26822/iejee.2019450792
  24. Bruce, C.D., Esmonde, I., Ross, J., Dookie, L. & Beatty, R. (2010). The effects of sustained classroom embedded teacher professional learning on teacher efficacy and related student achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education (in press), doi: 1 0.1 016 /j.tate.2 010 .06 .011
  25. Buldu, M. (2014). A system level proposal on teacher competency assessment and teacher professional development. Milli Egitim.1.114-134
  26. Chen, Z. et al. (2022). A study of student-teachers’ emotional experiences and their development of professional identities. Front. Psychol. 25. https://doi.org/10.3389.fpsyg.2021.710146
  27. Chipaco, F. and Branco, L. (2018). Professional culture and teacher p r o f e s s i o n a l i t y i n H i g h e r Education. https://library.iated.org/view/FRAGOSOCHIPACO#:;text=The%20professional%20culture%20of%20teachers,in%20the%relationships20among20teachers.
  28. Claudia, V. (2015). The role of motivation in the development of school teachers’ careers. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 180. 1109-1115. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.02.220
  29. Cotton, K. (2010). Monitoring student learning in the classroom. R e t r i e v e d f r o m : https://educationnorthwest.org/sites/default/files/monitoring-studentlearning.pdf
  30. Cox, J. (2019). Classroom management for an effective learning e n v i r o n m e n t . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : https://www.teachhub.com/classroom-management/2019/05/classroom-management-for-an-effective-learning-environment
  31. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler M., Gardner,M. (2017). Effective teacher professional development. palo alto, ca:learning policy i n s t i t u t e a t https://learningpolicyinstitute.org/product/teacher-prof-dev.
  32. DepEd Palawan (2019). Hiring guidelines for ranking from Teacher I t o M a s t e r T e a c h e r P o s i t i o n s . https://europepmc.org/article/ppr/ppr244287.
  33. Durksen, T., Klassen, R. & Daniels L (2017). Motivation and collaboration: the keys to a developmental framework for teachers’ professional learning. Teaching and Teacher Education. 67. 53-66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2017.05.011
  34. Education World (2015). The importance of subject matter k n o w l e d g e . R e t r i e v e d f r o m ; https://wwww.wducationworld.in/the-importance-of-subject-matterknowledge/amp/
  35. Eichler, B. & McDonald, J.K. (2021). Implementation and instructional design. In J.K. McDonald & R.E. west (Eds.), design f o r l e a r n i n g ; p r i n c i p l e s , p r o c e s s e s , a n d praxis.Edtechbooks. https://edtechbooks.org/id/implementation_and_instructional_designErik
  36. Erickson’s Theory (1982). Stages of psychosocial development. Retrieved from: https://positivepsychology.com/erickson-stages/
  37. Esmeralda, I.S. (2010). “Teaching competencies of the newly Nationalized High School in Pangasinan II Division.” Unpublished Master’s Thesis. Baguio Central University
  38. Fauthab B., Jasmin D., Anna-Theresia D. Gerhard B. Hardycf E., Khard K., & Mareike K. (2019). The effects of teacher competence on student outcomes in elementary science education: The mediating role of teaching quality. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2019.102882
  39. Flores,I. (2019). Competencies of mathematics teachers in the province of Batangas, Philippines: Basis for Direction on Continuing Education for the K to 12 Curriculum. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, Vol. 7, No. 4, November 2019. www.apjmr.com
  40. Garrett, T. (2013). Classroom management: it’s more than a bag of t r i c k s . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : https://www.cbsd.org/site/handlers/filedownload.ashx?moduleinstanceid=19586&dataid=11342&FileName=Classroom%20management%20More%20Than%20a%20Bag%20of%20Tricks.pdf
  41. Goksoy, S. & Dinc, H. (2017). Comparison of continuous professional development (CPD) practices in European Union countries and in-service training activities in Turkey. State/government and education, EU-accession/Eudevelopment/journal-turan-sam.2017/Iss.34.162-170
  42. Gomez, M. & Ford, L. (2017). Teachers’ perceptions of professional development in lean state-funded early childhood education. International Research in Early Childhood Education. 8(1). 21-37. http://eric.ed/?id=EJ1173672
  43. Hariri, H. & Sumintono, B. (2020). Teacher commitment to teaching. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Education. 1-21. Retrieved from: http://repository.lppm.unila.ac.id/22984/
  44. Heggart, K. (2016). How important is subject matter knowledge for a t e a c h e r ? https://www.edutopia.org/discussion/how-important-subject-matterknowledge-teacher
  45. Hoff, E. et al (2014). Expressive vocabulary development in children from bilingual and monolingual homes: a longitudinal study from two to four years. Early Childhood Research Quarterly. 29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecresq.201404.012
  46. Ilgan, A. (2013). Effective professional development activities for teachers. Usak University Journal of Social Sciences 14(3) Doi: 10.12780/UUSBD174, researchgate.net/pdf
  47. Jadama, M.E. (2014). Student perspectives on teaching techniques and outstanding teachers. Journal of the scholarship of teaching and learning, Vol.7 No. 2
  48. Kamamia, L. N., Ngugi, N. T., Thinguri, R. W., (2014). To established the extent to which the subject mastery enhances quality teaching to student-teachers during teaching practice. International Journal of Education and Research, vol.2 no. 7, July 2014. www.ijern.com
  49. Kaplan, A. et al. (2015). Teacher role-identity and motivation as a dynamic system. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.1382.5684
  50. Kaya, H.I. et al., (2019). Evaluating learning objectives of the preschool teacher education program in terms of special field competencies. A curriculum aligned study. teachers and curriculum,19(1),35-44. https://dx.doi.org/10.15663/tandc.v19il.341
  51. Khan, M. (2012). Assessing pre-service English language teachers’ learning using e-portfolios: benefits, challenges and competencies gained. Co mputer & Education. 58. 1007-1020. h ttp s://do i.o rg/1 0.1016 /j.co mp edu .20 11.11 .011
  52. Khan, R. et al. (2016). Teachers as change agents: promoting meaningful professional development using action research to support educational reform. FIRE: Forum for International Research in Education. 5. https://doi.org/10.32865/fire2019152167
  53. Kindall, H., Crowe, T. & Elsass, A. (2018). The principal’s influence on the novice teacher’s professional development in literacy instruction. Professional Development in Education. 44(2). 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2017.1299031
  54. Kisa, Z. & Correnti, R. (2015). Examining implementation fidelity in America’s choice schools: a longitudinal analysis of changes in professional development associated with changes in teacher practice. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis. 37(4). 437- 457. Retrieved from: https://eric...ed.gov/?id=EJ1084466
  55. Knight, J., (2012). High-impact instruction: A framework for great teaching, thousand Oaks,CA: Corwin Press. Retrieved from: https://creativecommons.org/license/by/4
  56. Kolibacova, G. (2014). The relationship between competency and performance. Acta Universitatis Agriculturae Et Silviculturae Mend elianae Brunensis, 62(6), 1315–1327. https://doi.org/10.11118/actaun201462061315
  57. Loes, C. & Pascarella, E. (2015). The benefits of good teaching e x t e n d b e y o n d c o u r s e a c h i e v e m e n t . https://doi.org/10.1444/josotl.v15i2.1167
  58. Lotunanti, A. et al. (2014). The effect of competence on commitment, performance and satisfaction with reward as a moderating variable (a study on designing work plans in Kendari City government, Southwest Sulawesi). International Journal of Business and Management Invention. 3(2). 18-25. https://d1wqtxts1xzle7.cloudfront.net/33194291/D0322018025.pdf?1394589239=&responsecontentdisposition=inline%3B+filename%
  59. Luft, J. (2020). Subject matter knowledge is important. Retrieved f r o m : https://cadrek12.org/resources/blogs/subject-matter-knowledge-important
  60. Maiyani, N. (2017). Teacher commitment and dedication to student l e a r n i n g . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : h ttp ://ijrar.com/up lo ad_ issue/ijrar_ issue_497 .pd f
  61. Malunes, R.E., & Dioso, D.P.D. (2020). Teaching Competence of Public-School Teachers in the Light of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers. Philippine Social Science journal, 3(2), 43- 44. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.179
  62. Mark, A. (2015). Factors affecting teachers’ motivation and job performance. Kibaha district, Tanzania. core.ac.uk/pdf
  63. Mart, C. (2018). A passionate teacher: teacher commitment and d e d i c a t i o n t o s t u d e n t learning... https://www.researchgate.net/publication/329155635_A_passionate_teacher_Teacher_commitment_and_dedication_to_student_learning
  64. Mawoli, M. & Babandako, A. (2011). An evaluation of staff motivation, dissatisfaction and job performance in an academic setting. Australian Journal of Business and Management Research. 1(9).
  65. McCray, C. (2018). Secondary teachers’ perceptions of professional development: a report of a research study undertaken in the USA. Professional Development in Education. 44(4). 583-585. https://doi.org/100.1080/19415257.2018.1427133
  66. Mclane, K. (2019). Integrating Student Progress Monitoring (SPM) in your cl a ss ro o m: the t each e r ’s p e r s p e c ti v e. https://www.readingrockets.org/article/integrating-studentprogress-monitoring-spm-your-classroom-teachersperspective
  67. McClelland, D.C. (1961). Need Achievement Theory. https://www.mindtools.com>article McMillan, D. J.,
  68. McConnell, B., & O’Sullivan, H. (2016). Continuing professional development, why bother? Perceptions and motivations of teachers in Ireland. Professional Development in E d u c a t i o n , 4 2 ( 1 ) . 1 5 0 - 1 6 7 . https://doi.org/10.1080/19415257.2014.952044
  69. Meyer, M. A. (2010). A view on didactics and instructional p l a n n i n g . R e t r i e v e d f r o m : edu cationd ida ctiqu e.revu es.org >n u mero s>vol.4 -n 2
  70. Mohd Ismail, Rahida & Arshad, Rozita & Abas, Zacaria (2018). Can teachers’ age experience influence teacher effectiveness in HOTS? International Journal of Advanced Studies in Social Science & Innovation.2. DOI: 10.30690/ijassi.21.11.
  71. Naz, K. (2016). Effects of teachers’ professional competence on students’ academic achievement at secondary school level in M u z a f fa rab ad District, Mu nich. GRIN verlag, https://www.grin.com/document/352095
  72. National Institute of Education (2010). The competent teacher. Office of Educational Research. National Institute of Education. Retrieved from: https://singtech.nie.edu.sg/issue23
  73. Noel, F. R., Lapian, J., & Pandowo, M. (2017). The effect of work discipline and competence on employee performance (Case Study at Balai Kesehatan Mata Masyarakat Sulawesi Utara). Journal EMBA, 5(3), 3528–3537. https://doi.org/10.35794/emba.v5i3.17613
  74. Noonan, J. (2019). An affinity for learning: teacher identity and powerful professional development. Journal of Teacher Education. https://doi.org/10.1177.002248711878
  75. Ozer, Z., & Yetkin, R. (2018). Walking through different paths: academic self-efficacy and academic procrastination behaviors of pre-service teachers. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies, 14(2), (2018) 89-99
  76. Palermo, C. & Thomson, M. (2018). Large-scale assessment as professional development: teachers’ motivations, ability beliefs and v a l u e s . T e a c h e r D e v e l o p m e n t . https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2018.1536612
  77. Parsonson, B.S. (2012). Ministry of Education: Special Education, Hawkes Bay Region Kairaranga – Volume 13, Issue 1: 18(23)
  78. Potomac, (2016). Top 5 benefits of a master’s degree. https://potomac.edu/top5-5benefits-of-a-masters-degree/
  79. Queroda, P.G., & Nama, I. R. (2018). Instructional competencies of Catholic School teachers in Pangasinan, Philippines. Asian Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies Vol. 1, No. 1, (2018) ISSN 2651-6691 (Print) ISSN 2651-6705 (Online) ISSN 2651-6691 (Print) | ISSN 2651-6705 (Online) |asianjournal.org
  80. Reeve, J., & Su, Y.-L. (2014). Teacher Motivation. In Gagne (Ed.). The Oxford Handbook of Work arrangement, Motivation, and selfdetermination Theory (pp. 349-362) Oxford University Press.
  81. Roksa, J. et al. (2016). Instructional clarity and organization: it’s not new or fancy, but it matters. Change: The Magazine of Higher Learning. 48. 6-13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00091383.2016.1198142
  82. Rosen, J. A. (2010). Noncognitive skills in the classroom-new perspectives on Educational Research (RTI) International. https://www.rti.org/pubs/bk-0004-1009-rosen.pdf
  83. Salvan, V.C., & Hambre, M. M. (2020). Teachers’ demographic profile on the learner’s performance using K-12 earth and space module. Journal of Education & Social Policy. Vol.7 (2020). Doi:10.30845/jesp.v7n4p14/www.jespnet.com
  84. Smit, R. (2014). Individual differences in beginning teachers’ c o m p e t e n c i e s . www.j-e-r-o.com/index.php/jero/article/viewfile/450/204
  85. Stauffer, B. (2020). What are 21st Century Skills?. Applied Educational Systems. Retrieved August 2020 from https://www.aeseducation.com/blog/what-are-21st-century-skills
  86. Su, Y., Feng, L. & Hsu, C. (2018). What influences teachers’ commitment to a lifelong professional development programme? Reflections on teachers’ perceptions. International Journal of L i f e l o n g E d u c a t i o n . 3 7 ( 2 ) . 1 8 4 - 1 9 8 . h ttp s://do i...o rg/10.1080 /02 60 1370 .20 17.1397 786
  87. Sun, F. (2016). Vocational development approaches and teacher training. Journal of Adiyaman University Institute of Social S c i e n c e s , ( 2 4 ) , 1 0 0 6 - 1 0 4 1 . https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/pub/adyusbd/issue/37218/429589
  88. Sulaiman, W. Almasafir, M. & Ahmad, Z. (2013). Job performance: relationship between competency and attitude towards achieving Tnb’s vision. Journal of Advanced Social Research. 3(1). 1-11.
  89. Tack, H. & Vanderlinde R. (2019). Capturing the relations between teacher educators’ opportunities for professional growth, work pressure, work-related basic needs satisfaction and teacher educators’ researcher disposition. European Journal ofTeacher d i s p o s i t i o n 4 2 ( 4 ) . 4 5 9 - 4 7 7 . h ttp s://do i.o rg/1 0.1080 /026 19 768 .201 9.1 2821 2
  90. Thoonen et al., (2011). How to Improve Teacher Practices: The Role of Teacher’ Motivation, Organizational Factors, and Leadership Practices. Educational Administration Quarterly 47(3), 496- 536,2011
  91. Tohidi, H. et al., (2012). The Effects of Motivation in Education. DOI:10.1016/j.sbspro.2011.12.148 Topkaya, E. & Yelik, H. (2016). Non-native English language teachers’ perceptions of professional development: implications for career stages. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences. 232. 5-11. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.10.003
  92. Toquero, C. & Talidong, K. (2020). Developing teacher training programs for emergency remote teaching amid COVID-19. Interdisciplinary Journal of Virtual Learning in Medical Sciences, 11(3), 200-203. https://ijvlms.sums.ac.ir/article_46769.html Towns, A. (2021). The 10 Areas of professional development. Retrieved from https://www.wordswithalyssa.com
  93. Wang, J. et al. (2014). How clear and organized classroom instruction and deep approaches to learning affect growth in critical thinking and need for cognition. StudiesinHigherEducation.40.1-22 https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2014.914911
  94. Wang, J., & Samba, P.V. (2019). Woman education: women and teaching profession in Ghana. International Journal on Social Sciences & Educational Studies,6(1),72
  95. Wannarka, R. & Ruhl K. (2010). Seating arrangements that promote positive academic and behavioural outcomes: a review of empirical r e s e a r c h . S u p p o r t fo r L e a r n i n g . 23. 8 9 - 93. h ttp s://do i.o rg/j.1 467 -9604 .20 08.0037 5.x
  96. Wan-Shuai, L. et al. (2019). The formation of teachers’ intrinsic motivation in professional development. Integrative Psychological a n d B e h a v i o r a l S c i e n c e . 5 3 . https://doi.org/10.1007/s12124-018-9465-3
  97. Washington, B. (2019). The importance of professional development in the 21 st Century. Retrieved from: home educators blog#21stcentury,#professionaldevelopment
  98. Wilkelmann, T. (2016). The impact of teacher gender on elementary s t u d e n t s ’ a c a d e m i c performance. https://www.bakeru.edu/images/pdf/SOE/EdD_Theses/Wilkenmann_Timothy.pdf
  99. Yurtseven, N. (2017). The investigation of teachers’ metaphoric perceptions about professional development. Journal of Education and Learning. 6(2). 120-131. https://doi.org/10.5539/jel.v6n2p120
  100. Zamri, N.B.M., & Hamzah, M.I.B (2019). Teacher’s competency in implementation of classroom assessment in learning. Creative Education,10,2939-2946. https://doi.org/10.426/ce.2019.1012218
  101. Zepada, S. et al. (2013). Peer Coaching: comparing the American and turkey’s educators’ willingness to adopt and implement peer coaching as a form of teachers’ professional development. International Journal of Mentoring and Coaching in education, 2(1), 64-68.doi:10.1108/20466851311323096
  102. Zubayr, H. (2013). Classroom management problems among teachers’ students training at Hashemite University. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences. 2(3). 140-149