Recast and Explicit Corrective Feedback Among Language Teachers and Learners
Charmaine Sabio
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
When learning a second language or foreign language, learners make various pronunciation, syntax, or word
choice errors. If these errors are not corrected, they will mistake them for the correct form and internalize them
into their inter-language system. Repairing erroneous utterance/s in second language acquisition is an eventual
quest among second language teachers because they are intertwined with language learning. The study aimed to
determine the preferred corrective feedback, the type of corrective feedback provision by language teachers and
learners, and the significant relationship between the preferred type of corrective feedback and the corrective
feedback provision by language teachers. The researcher used survey questionnaires to gather the necessary data
and administered them to the language teachers and learners. This investigated the inevitable corrective feedback
employed in actual classroom scenarios that are an inseparable part of language learning. A total of 318 language
learners and eight language teachers participated in the data-gathering procedure. Findings revealed that
language teachers preferred Recast and corrective feedback provisions under Recast. There was a great extent of
feedback provision on correcting an error and reintroducing a particular item among language teachers.
Language learners preferred the explicit correction type of corrective feedback and feedback provisions under
this type wherein the teacher points out the errors and corrects these immediately. This revealed a great extent of
feedback provision, among others. Finally, there is no significant relationship between the corrective feedback
provided by the language teachers.
References:
- Ahangari, Saeideh., & Amirzadeh, Somayeh. (2011). Exploring the Teachers’ Use of Spoken Corrective Feedback in Teaching Iranian EFL Learners at Different Levels of Proficiency. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol.29. pp. 1859-1868.
- Amrhein, Hannah & Nassaji, Hossein. (2010). Written Corrective Feedback: What do students and teachers prefer and why? University of Victoria.
- Asari, Y. (2012). Types of Recasts and Learners’ Uptake. Masteral Thesis. Graduate School of Waseda University. May, 2012.
- Best, John W. & Kahn, James V. (2007). Research in Education. Prentice Hall. Bilash, Olenka. “Error Correction: Where, When and H o w ” . http://www.educ.ualberta.ca/staff/olenka.bilash/best%20of%20bilas h/error%20correction.html. May, 2009.
- Buyukbay, Secil. (2007). The Effectiveness of Repetition as Corrective Feedback. Masteral Thesis. Bilkent University. Ankara. June, 2007.
- Calsiyao, Irene S. (2015). Corrective Feedback in Classroom Oral Errors among Kalinga-Apayao State College Students. Kalinga Apayao State College. International Journal of Social Science and Humanities Research. Vol. 3. Issue 1, pp: 394-400). January – March 2015.
- Chu, R. (2011). Effects of Teacher’s Corrective Feedback. Theory and Practice in Language Studies , Vol. 1 (5), pp. 454-459.
- Coskun, Abdullah. (2010). A classroom research study on Oral Error Correction. Year 12. Issue 3. June, 2010.
- Ellis, R. (2010). Epilogue: A framework for investigating oral and written corrective feedback. Studies in Second Language Acquisition 32: 335-349.
- Ellis, R., & Sheen, Y. (2006). Reexamining the role of recasts in second language acquisition. Studies in Second language acquisition, 28(4), 575-600.
- Ellis, R., Loewen, S., & Erlam, R. (2006). Implicit and explicit corrective feedback and the acquisition of L2 grammar. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 28, 339–368.
- Ellis, Rod. (2009). Corrective Feedback and Development. L2 Journal. Volume 1. Pp. 3-18.
- Fawbush, Ben. (2010). Implicit and Explicit Corrective Feedback for Middle School ESL learners. Masteral Thesis. Hamline University, Saint Paul, Minnesota. August, 2010.
- Fungula, Bob Nsimba., (2013). Oral Corrective Feedback in the Chinese EFL Classroom. Thesis. Karlstads University. Spring, 2013.
- Gitsaki, Christina. & Althobaiti, Naif. (2010). ESL teachers’ use of Corrective Feedback and Its Effect on Learners’ Uptake. Sharjah Higher Colleges of Technology & The University of Queensland, Australia. Thesis. 2010.
- Gitsaki, Christina. & Althobaiti, Naif. (2010). ESL Teachers’ Use of Corrective Feedback and Its Effect on Learners’ Uptake. The Journal of Asia TEFL. Vol.7, No.1, pp. 197-219.
- Griffiths, C. & Chunhong, Z. (2008). Researching error correction and pitfalls. Investigating English Language learning and teaching. Ed. M. Pawlak, 127-137. Poznan – Kalisz: Adam Mickiewicz University Press.
- Hall, M a r g a r e t , J., “ Eli c i t at io n T e ch n iq u e s ” (https://linguistics.stanford.edu/research/linguistic-fieldwork/resourc es-linguistic-fieldwork/elicitation-techniques).
- Hans, Z.H. (2008). Error Correction: Towards a differential approach. The fourth QCC Colloquium on Second Language Acquisition. New York, New York.
- Hathaway, P. (2006). “Providing Corrective Feedback”. (http://ctb.ku.edu/en/table-of- contents/advocacy/encouragementeducation/corrective-feedback/main).
- Hedge, T. (2000). Teaching and Learning in the Language Classroom. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
- Hernandez, Edith., et.al. (2010). Oral Corrective Feedback: Some ways to go about it. Memorias Del Vi Foro de Studious En Lenguas Internacional. Thesis. Universidad de Quintana Roo. 2010.
- Horwitz, E. (2008). Becoming a language teacher: A practical guide to second language learning and teaching. Allyn & Bacon: Pearson Education, Inc
- Hyland, K, & Hyland, F. (2006). The Role of Implicit & Explicit Corrective Feedback in Persian-speaking EFL Learners’ Awareness of and Accuracy in English Grammar. Procedia – Socail and Behavioral Sciences. Vol. 98. pp 2018 – 2024. May, 2014.
- Leeman, J. (2003). Recasts and second language development: Beyond negative evidence. Studies in Second Language Acquisition, 25, 37-63.
- Li, Shaofeng. (2013). Oral Corrective Feedback. ELT Journal. Oxford University Press.
- Loewen, S., & Philp, J. (2006). Recasts in the Adult English L2 Classroom: Characteristics, explicitness, and effectiveness. The Modern Language Journal.
- Lyster, R. & Ranta, L. (1997). Corrective Feedback and Learner Uptake: Negotiation of Form in Comuunicative Classrooms. Cambridge University Press.
- Mackey, A., & Philp, J. (1998). Conversational interaction and second language development: Recast responses, and red herring? Modern Language Journal, 82,338-356.
- Martinez, Susana Gomez. (2006). Should we correct our students errors in L2 learning? Encuentro. Vol.16, pp.1-7.
- Mohammadi, Mojtaba. (2016) “Recast and Metalinguistic Feedback i n T e a c h i n g a n d L e a r n i n g L 2 ” . (https://www.academia.edu/289001/Recast_and_Metalinguistic_Fee dback_in_Teaching_and_Learning_L2_Writing_A_Comparative_Study)
- Mubarak, Mohamed. (2013). Corrective Feedback in L2 Writing: A study of practices and effectiveness in the Bharain Context. Dissertation. University of Sheffield. February, 2013.
- Nafez, Shahin. (2011) Error Treatment in TESOL Classrooms. J. J. Appl. Sci. Humanities Series 13 (1): 207-226. Language Acquisition, 28, 575-600.
- Nassaji, H. (2009). Effects of Recasts and Elicitations in Dyadic Interaction and the Role of Feedback Explicitness. Language Learning, 59(2), 411-52.
- Nicholas, H., Lightbown, P. M., & Spada, N. (2001). Recasts as feedback to language learners. Language Learning. 51, pp 719-758.
- Paba, Lourdes Rey. (2016). “Corrective Feedback in Second/ F o r e i g n L a n g u a g e T e a c h i n g ” ( h t t p : / / http://www.uninorte.edu.co/web/arey/home/-/blogs/corrective-feedb ack-in-second-foreign-language-teaching) Retrieved on January 05, 2016.
- Panova, I., & Lyster, R. (2002). Patterns of corrective feedback and uptake in an adult ESL classroom. TESOL Quarterly, 36, 573-595.
- Park, Gipyo. (2010). Preference of Corrective Feedback Approaches Perceived by Native English Teachers and Students. Thesis. Soonchunhyang University, South Korea. December, 2010.
- Park, Gipyo. (2010). Preference of Corrective Feedback Approaches Perceived by Native English Teachers and Students. The Journal of Asia TEFL. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp.29-52.
- Payne, Chris. (2012). Castaway. English Teaching Professional. Issue 80. May, 2012.
- Rassaei, Ehsan., Moinzadeh, Ahmad., & Youhanaee, Manijeh. (2012). The Effect of Corrective Feedback on the Acquisition of Implicit and Explicit L2 Knowledge. The Journal of Language Teaching and Learning. Vol. 2(1), pp.59-75.
- Rezaei, Saeed., Mozaffari, Farnazeh, & Hatef, Ali.,(2011). Corrective Feedback in SLA: Classroom Practice and Future Directions. International language of English Linguistics. Vol.1. No.1.March 2011.
- Sanavi, Reza., & Nemati, Majid., (2014). The Effect of Six Different Corrective Feedback Strategies on Iranian English language learners’ IELTS Writing Task 2: SAGE Publication. April-June 2014: pp.1-9.
- Scott, Edurne. (2008). “Corrective Feedback in the Language Classroom”. (https://suite.io/edurne-scott/zwk237). Retrieved on September, 2015.
- Sheen, Y. (2006). Corrective Feedback and learner uptake in communicative classrooms across instructional settings. Language Teaching Research. 8(3), 263-300.
- Sheen, Y. (2011). Corrective feedback, individual differences and second language learning. Dordrecht: Springer
- Spivey, K. (2014). Written Corrective Feedback in ESL: Strategies, Approaches, Influences and Factors. Masteral Thesis. May, 2014.
- Tedick, D. & Gortari, B. (1998). Error Correction and Implications for Classroom Teaching. The Bridge, ACIE, Newsletter. Center for Advanced Research on language Acquisition, University of Minnesota.
- Tedick, Diane J. “Research On Error Correction and Implications F o r C l a s s r o o m T e a c h i n g ” . (http://www.carla.umn.edu/immersion/ACIE/vol1/May1998.pdf). Retrieved on February 9, 2016.
- Tsang, W.K., (2004). Feedback and uptake in teacher-student interaction: An Analysis of 18 English Lesson in Hong Kong Secondary classroom. Regional Language Centre Journal. Vol. 35. pp. 187-209
- Vygotsky, L.S. (1978). Mind in Society. Cambridge. MA: Harvard University Press.
- Yoshida, R. (2008). Teachers’ choice and learners’ preference of corrective feedback types. Language Awareness, 17, 78-94.
- Yoshida, R. (2009). Learner’s Perception of Corrective Feedback in Pair Work. 1st Ed. American Council on the Teaching of Foreign Languages. Issue foreign Language Annals Volume 41, Issue 3, pages 525–541.
- Zhang, Ying., Zhang, Lanqin., & Ma, Leilei. (2010). A Brief Analysis of Corrective Feedback in Oral Interaction. Journal of Language Teaching and Research. Vol. 1, No.3, pp.306-308.