Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 12 no. 1 (2023)

Parental Influences and Academic Performance Among Nursing Students During COVID-19 Pandemic Transition Point: A Correlational Study

Jaris Xavera Macatangay | Mylene Enrile | Eliana Isabelle Duldulao | Ednelyn Lardera | Claire Manas | Jean Luk Realino | Tojie Tedranes | Carmela Perez | Joel John Dela Merced | Carmela Vitug | Marie Anne A. Lapitan | Aiko Diana Casalan | Daisy Yadan | Mary Ann E. Lopez

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

It is undeniable that the COVID19 pandemic outbreak had a significant impact on the educational system and affected a number of industries. However, even before this crisis, parents' influences were a significant factor in how well students performed academically, and numerous studies have proven this. Moreover, the majority of these studies were done before the pandemic. The study aimed to determine whether there’s a correlation among the influences of the parents in different aspects on the nursing students’ knowledge-based academic performance during this time of crisis wherein the whole world is transitioning to the new normal mode of living. To evaluate the two variables' potential relationship using statistical analysis, the researchers chose to use a correlational quantitative study approach.The research was carried out at a university in Quezon City, with respondents from the College of Nursing. To divide the population of nursing students into strata, quota stratified sampling was employed; 360 students were determined to be key informants for the study and were separated into year levels; 90 students from each level were chosen.In conclusion, results showcased that there’s no significant differences between the parental influences and academic performance of nursing students during the transition point of COVID-19 pandemic as only one of the domains for the involvement of parents were shown to have a weak negative correlation. In order to obtain a much more accurate conclusion for this topic, the researchers advise future studies to use a larger population and include additional domains for the variables.



References:

  1. Acut, D., Curaraton, E., Latonio, G., & Latonio, R. A. (2021, March). Work immersion performance appraisal and evaluation of Grade 12 STEM students in science and technology-based industries. Journal of Physics: Conference Series. 1835(1), IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1835/1/012013
  2. Ali, N., Mukhtar, S., Khan, Y., Ahmad, M., & Khan, Z. U. (2022). Analysis of Secondary School Students’ Academic Performance and Parental Involvement in Children's Education at home. The Education and Science Journal, 24(9), 118–142. https://doi.org/10.17853/1994-5639-2022-9-118-142
  3. Alsaqr, A. (2021). Remarks on the use of Pearson’s and Spearman’s correlation coefficients in assessing relationships in ophthalmic data. African Vision and Eye Health, 80(1), 10. https://doi.org/10.4102/aveh.v80i1.612
  4. Arcabado, A., Arriesgado, R., Hibo, J., Irena, J., Mahinay, C., Mahinay, E., Mahinay, J., Monares, J., Monterde, A., & Rodrigo, A. (2021). The Effects of Parental Influence to the Nursing Students      Career            Choices. https://www.studocu.com/ph/document/de-la-salle-university/bs-entrepreneurship/the-eff ects-of-parental-influence-to-the-nursing-students-career-choices-1/15857491
  5. Baig, T., Ganesan, G., Ibrahim, H., Yousuf, W. & Mahfoud, Z. (2021). The association of parental involvement with adolescents’ well-being in Oman: evidence from the 2015 Global School   Health   Survey.   BioMed   Central   Psychology   9,   175. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00677-5
  6. Barger, M & Pomerantz, E. (2019) The relation between Parents' Involvement in Children's Schooling and Children's Adjustment. Illinois ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334473284_The_relation_between_parents'_inv olvement_in_children's_schooling_and_children's_adjustment_A_meta-analysis
  7. Barrow, J., Brannan, G., & Khandhar, P. (2022). Research Ethics. National Library of Medicine: National            Center for        Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK459281/
  8. Becina, Allan & Carpio, Louella Patricia. (2019). Developmental Tasks, Family Structures, and Functions of Selected Filipino Families with Young Children: A Cross-sectional study. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345008982_Developmental_Tasks_Family_Stru ctures_and_Functions_of_Selected_Filipino_Families_with_Young_Children_A_Cross-s ectional_study
  9. Bhandari, P. (2020). What is Quantitative Research? Definition, uses and methods. Scribbr Official Portal. https://www.scribbr.com/?fbclid=IwAR3USs_JYp7x9O4nkkR3Z2XNHFlI8et1YyoSBBi6 dqaj6hpS29FBH4JNua4?fbclid=IwAR3USs_JYp7x9O4nkkR3Z2XNHFlI8et1YyoSBBi6 dqaj6hpS29FBH4JNua4
  10. Bhamani, S., Makhdoom, A. Z., Bharuchi, V., Ali, N., Kaleem, S., & Ahmed, D. (2020). Home learning in times of COVID: Experiences of parents. Journal of education and educational development, 7(1), 9-26.es. http://dx.doi.org/10.22555/joeed.v7i1.3260
  11. Cleofas, J. V., & Rocha, I. C. N. (2021). Demographic, gadget and internet profiles as determinants of disease and consequence related COVID-19 anxiety among Filipino college students. Education and Information Technologies, 26(6), 6771-6786. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-021-10529-9
  12. Covenant.       (2023). The      Excellent         Student. https://discovercovenant.com/academics/excellent-student/
  13. De Guzman M., Matias A., Villalobos R., & Ganaden, A. (2022). Experiences and Coping of Low-Income Parents during COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy. https://doi.org/10.36348/jaep.2022.v06i03.008
  14. Dorta-Guerra, R., Marrero, I., Abdul-Jalbar, B., Trujillo-González, R., & Torres, N. (2019). A new academic performance indicator for the first term of first-year science degrees students at La Laguna University: a predictive model. National Library of Medicine: National Center for Biotechnology Information, 9(9), 1493-1502. https://doi.org/10.1002/2211-5463.12707
  15. Edeh, J. (2022). Characteristics of a Good Student. Abroad Learners. https://abroadlearners.com/characteristics-of-a-good-student/?fbclid=IwAR0lEsJ14HOub 1Les_SC1KiqzZ9c1IZUcDVpBkQdLfDZKlbZvC7kMLFI7_g
  16. Ellen,               S.         (2020). Slovin's            Formula           Sampling         Techniques.    Sciencing. https://sciencing.com/how-6188297-do-determine-audit-sample-size-.html?fbclid=IwAR 358S6soyLxYMYknCSgkGSk0HpuyX7x7mgm33RZyrEJ4riXXoIxSNX-J74
  17. Gahwaji, N. (2019). The Implementation Of The Epstein’s Model As A Partnership Framework At Saudi Kindergartens. Journal of College Teaching & Learning (TLC). 16(2), 11-20. https://doi.org/10.19030/tlc.v16i2.10318.
  18. Garcia, K. (2022). Filipino-Ness in Anna Felicia Sanchez’s “Martinés”. International Journal of Language and Literary Studies, 4(1), 225-238. https://ijlls.org/index.php/ijlls/article/view/825
  19. García-Mendoza, M., Parra, A., Sánchez-Queija, I., Oliveira, J. E., & Coimbra, S. (2022). Gender Differences in Perceived Family Involvement and Perceived Family Control during Emerging Adulthood: A Cross-Country Comparison in Southern Europe. Journal of Child Family Studies, 31, 1-12. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-021-02122-y
  20. Garen, A. G., Evaristo, F. A., & Ang-See, C. (2021). Parental Engagement in Children’s Online Learning:            Views, Practices,        and      Experiences. https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedi ngs/2021/LLI-20.pdf
  21. Ginsburg, K. (2020) Fostering Resilience, Building Resilience in Children and Teens 4th Edition. https://www.fosteringresilience.com/index_parents.php
  22. Giusti, L., Mammarella, S., Salza, A., Del Vecchio, S., Ussorio, D., Casacchia, M., & Roncone,
  23. R. (2021). Predictors of Academic Performance during the Covid-19 Outbreak: Impact of Distance Education on Mental health, Social cognition and Memory abilities in an Italian University Student Sample. BioMed Central psychology, 9, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40359-021-00649-9
  24. Gozum, I. E. A. (2020). The Filipino family in the formation of values in the light of John Paul II’s familiaris consortio. Philosophia: An International Journal of Philosophy, 21,561-577. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=15930
  25. Gu, J. & Ming, X. (2021) The Influence of Living Conditions on Self-Rated Health: Evidence from China. International Journal of Environment Research and Public Health (IJRPH), 18(17): 9200. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179200
  26. Gulliver, J. (2019). How to Talk to Your Child about a Disappointing Report Card. https://bigimprovements.com.au/how-to-talk-to-your-child-about-a-disappointing-report- card/?fbclid=IwAR0xjK0r0XO1JlfjOhRA7ijRUHvdqDif9xdgGa9sxK5QFQjitHllKV13 mF4
  27. Hayek, J., Schneider, F., Lahoud, N., Tueni, M., & de Vries, H. (2022). Authoritative parenting stimulates academic achievement, also partly via self-efficacy and intention towards getting good grades. PLoS ONE. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0265595
  28. Hoft, J. (2021). Anonymity and Confidentiality. The Encyclopedia of Research Methods in Criminology   and            Criminal           Justice,            1,         223-227.https://doi.org/10.1002/9781119111931.ch41
  29. Hosokawa, R. (2019). Role of Parenting Style in Children’s Behavioral Problems through the Transition from Preschool to Elementary School According to Gender in Japan. MDPI.
  30.  International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2019, 16(1), 21; https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16010021
  31. Jabar, M., Kasilag, R., Collado, Z., & Jamoral, R. (2021). Family capital and parental involvement among parents in public elementary and secondary schools in the Philippines: perspectives of parents and children. Asia Pacific Journal of Education, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02188791.2021.1944841
  32. Khan, F. N., Begum, M., & Imad, M. (2019). Relationship between Students' Home Environment and Their Academic Achievement at Secondary School Level. Pakistan Journal of Distance and online learning, 5(2), 223-234.
  33. Kleinkorres, R., Stang-Rabrig, J., & McElvany, N. (2023). Comparing parental and school pressure in terms of their relations with students' well-being. Learning and Individual Differences, 104, 102288.
  34. Krauss, S., Orth, U., & Robins, R. W. (2020). Family environment and self-esteem development: A longitudinal study from age 10 to 16. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 119(2), 457–478. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000263
  35. Lai, T., Liu, F., & Huang, Y. (2022). The influence of parental educational expectations on children's higher education attainment: Re-estimation based on instrumental variables. Frontiers in Psychology, 2539. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.899348
  36. Lansford,         J.         (2021)  How     Parents            Influence         Children’s        Peer    Relationships. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/parenting-and-culture/202107/how-parents-inf luence-children-s-peer-relationships?fbclid=IwAR3Hjua6hHTgjEKA1QlGYRYHpI8BM 92PoWPPGz5J8RjwjKDeS0Zhv1OVOl0
  37. Lara, L., & Saracostti, M. (2019). Effect of parental involvement on children’s academic achievement in Chile. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 1464. https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01464/full
  38. Lau, E.Y.H., Li, J.B., and Lee, K. (2021). Online learning and parent satisfaction during COVID-19: Child competence in independent learning as a moderator. Early Education and Development, 32(6), pp.830-842. https://doi.org/10.1080/10409289.2021.1950451
  39. Lawrence, K., & Fakuade, O. (2021). Parental involvement, learning participation and online learning commitment of adolescent learners during the COVID-19 lockdown. Research in Learning Technology, 29. https://doi.org/10.25304/rlt.v29.2544.
  40. Lawrence, K., & Nkoane, M. (2020). Transforming Higher Education Spaces: Analysis of Higher Educational  Attainment  Expectation  Factors  among  High School Learners in
  41. Kwa-Dlangezwa, South Africa. International Journal of Education and Practice, 8(3), 547-556. https://doi.org/10.18488/journal.61.2020.83.547.556
  42. LeBlanc, S. (2019). Good students: intellectual virtues in higher education. https://unbscholar.lib.unb.ca/islandora/object/unbscholar%3A9788/
  43. Li, J., Huang, J., Hu, Z., & Zhao, X. (2022). Parent–Child Relationships and Academic Performance of College Students: Chain-Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Psychological Capital. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794201
  44. Löffler, C.S., Greitemeyer, T. Are women the more empathetic gender? The effects of gender role expectations.   Current            Psychology     42,       220–231          (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-020-01260-8
  45. Madigan, D., Curran, T., Stoeber, J., Hill, A., Smith, M., Passfield, L. (2019). Development of perfectionism in junior athletes: A three-sample study of coach and parental pressure. Journal       of         Sport   and            Exercise          Psychology,    41(3),   167-175. https://doi.org/10.1123/jsep.2018-0287
  46. Manyonganise, M. (2023). COVID-19, gender and health: Recentring women in African indigenous health discourses in Zimbabwe for environmental conservation. HTS Teologiese  Studies/Theological     Studies,            79(3). https://www.ajol.info/index.php/hts/article/view/245388
  47. Mcleod S. (2020, January 14). Correlation Definitions, Examples and Interpretation. Simply Psychology. https://www.simplypsychology.org/correlation.html
  48. Medilo, L. R. (2022). How to Compute Your General Weighted Average (With GWA Calculator) https://techpilipinas.com/compute-gwa-calculator/
  49. Mishra, P., Pandey, C. M., Singh, U., Gupta, A., Sahu, C., & Keshri, A. (2019). Descriptive statistics and normality tests for statistical data. Annals of Cardiac Anaesthesia, 22(1), 67–72. https://doi.org/10.4103/aca.ACA_157_18
  50. Mitgurukul. (2021). Qualities of a Good Student. https://www.mitgurukul.com/qualities-of-a-good-Student.php
  51. Moneva, J. C. & Moncada, K. A., (2020). Parental Pressure and Students Self-Efficacy 1. 7.270-275. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339096621_Parental_Pressure_and_Students_S elf-Efficacy_1
  52. Moneva, J. C., Pestano, R. F. L., & Vertulfo, R. M. (2020). Parental financial support and students motivation            in         learning.          Macrothink      Institute            of         Social  Science,          8(1),     9-20.https://doi.org/10.5296/iss.v8i1.16908
  53.  Morin, A. (2020) How Too Much Parental Pressure Can Affect Kids’ Mental Health. https://psychcentral.com/lib/parental-pressure-and-kids-mental-health?fbclid=IwAR0wR TZyXMAm1qelxhigbGrfvjoMfild5pwkN9u_lfM2koSmDvdUZqF9NtQ#what-is-parental-pressure
  54. Mulcahy, S. (2019). The Impact of Parental Involvement on College Student Outcomes. http://hdl.handle.net/1808/31546
  55. Naite, I. (2021). Impact of parental involvement on children’s academic performance at Crescent International School, Bangkok, Thailand. In IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science. 690(1), p. 012064.. IOP Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/690/1/012064
  56. Nath, P. (2021) Should students fund their education with part-time work while they study? https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/should-students-fund-education-part-time-work-while-st udy-palak-nath?fbclid=IwAR22ADS5wiim5pUVOqSo49D10_qDAB1fNT52BMhD2Isu_cKDX28u22_irHU
  57. Ngussa, B., & Nzowa, G. (2019). Correlation between Parental Involvement and Students’ Commitment toward Learning: A Case of Secondary Schools in Arusha District, Tanzania. International Journal of Research and Innovation in Social Science (IJRISS), 3(5),  127.https://www.rsisinternational.org/journals/ijriss/Digital-Library/volume-3-issue-5/121-12 8.pdf?fbclid=IwAR3v8GVyzHHd8l6E1Rx4AGFtkNXDuGcoDB07d7fDc-Pk1wrk051qU JK6y1c
  58. Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). What Is Quota Sampling? | Definition & Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/quota-sampling/
  59. Noh, M. (2022). Effect of parental financial teaching on college students’ financial attitude and behavior: The mediating role of self-esteem. Journal of Business Research, 143, 298-304. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2022.01.054
  60. Noor Khan, S., & Hasan, M. N. (2022). Factors Influencing the Adoption of Crop Insurance in Bangladesh: A Survey Analysis. Md Nazmul, Factors Influencing the Adoption of Crop Insurance in         Bangladesh:    A            Survey Analysis. https://papers.ssrn.com/sol3/papers.cfm?abstract_id=4299324
  61. Noor S., Golzar, J., & Tajik, O. (2022) Simple Random Sampling. International Journal of Education and Language Studies. 1(2) 78-82. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2022.162982
  62. Novianti, R., & Garzia, M. (2020). Parental engagement in children's online learning during covid-19 pandemic. Journal of Teaching and Learning in Elementary Education (JTLEE), 3(2), 9-23. https://doi.org/10.33578/jtlee.v3i2.7845
  63. Orchids (2021) Celebrating a Child’s Success: Why It Matters https://www.orchidsinternationalschool.com/blog/parents-corner/celebrate-a-childs-succe ss
  64. Oubibi, M., Chen, G., Fute, A., & Zhou, Y. (2023). The effect of overall parental satisfaction on Chinese students' learning engagement: Role of student anxiety and educational implications. Heliyon, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e12149
  65. Li, J. (2022) Parent–Child Relationships and Academic Performance of College Students: Chain-Mediating Roles of Gratitude and Psychological Capital. Frontiers in Pyschology https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.794201/full
  66. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (2022). How much does the middle class contribute to            taxes?https://pids.gov.ph/details/news/in-the-news/how-much-does-the-middle-class-contribute- to-taxes#:~:text=The%20PIDS%20income%20classification%20table,P43%2C828%3B%204
  67. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (2022). Understanding Social Classes in the Philippines:            Which  Class   Do       You      Belong To? https://pids.gov.ph/details/news/in-the-news/understanding-social-classes-in-the-philippin es-which-class-do-you-belong-to#:~:text=The%20latest%20Family%20Income%20and,a round%2040%25%20of%20the%20population
  68. Ravaglia, R. (2023). College Degrees Take Too Long, But True Innovation Is Hard. https://www.forbes.com/sites/rayravaglia/2023/04/24/college-degrees-take-too-long-but-t rue-innovation-is-hard/?sh=32d78dde4aea&fbclid=IwAR3yaO1vxXG2A0OY83sQY6fcf 09yn3b6IbKk8KDlEi9B6iyR-n6mDHHSMoo
  69. Ribeiro, L. M., Cunha, R. S., Silva, M. C. A. E., Carvalho, M., & Vital, M. L. (2021). Parental involvement during pandemic times: Challenges and opportunities. Education Sciences, 11(6), 302. https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci11060302
  70. Ribeiro, L., Rosário, P., Núñez, J. C., Gaeta, M., & Fuentes, S. (2019). First-year students background and academic achievement: the mediating role of student engagement. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2669.
  71. Rider, A. (2019) Spending More Time With Your Child When Life is Busy! https://extension.sdstate.edu/spending-more-time-your-child-when-life-busy
  72. Sabri, M. F., Gudmunson, C. G., Griesdorn, T. S., & Dean, L. R. (2020). Influence of family financial socialization on academic success in college. Journal of Financial Counseling and Planning, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.1891/JFCP-18-00052
  73. Salgado, M., Gonzales, L. & Yáñez, A. (2021). Parental Involvement and Life Satisfaction in Early Adolescence. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 628720 https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.628720
  74. Sanders, C. (2021), An Exploration of College Students' Beliefs of Parental Influence on their Character Development and of their own Beliefs about the Role their Character Plays in their Academic Achievement. Family Sciences. Texas Woman’s University Library. https://twu-ir.tdl.org/handle/11274/13221
  75. Smart              Survey (2022). Age      Groups            for        Surveys. https://www.smartsurvey.co.uk/survey-questions/demographics/age-groups
  76. Subramani, C., & Venkatachalam, J. (2019). Parental expectations and its relation to academic stress among school students. International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews (IJRAR), 6(2), 95-99. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/333042780
  77. Sudderth, A. (2022, May 23). The Relationship Between Parental and Family Involvement and Student            Success.         Rethink            Together. https://xqsuperschool.org/rethinktogether/relationship-between-parental-and-family-invol vement-and-academic-achievement/
  78. Susilowati, E., & Azzasyofia, M. (2020). The parents stress level in facing children study from home in the early of covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. International Journal of Science and Society, 2(3), 1-12. https://doi.org/10.54783/ijsoc.v2i3.117
  79. Tatlah, I. (2019) Impact of Parental Expectations and Students’ Academic Self-Concept on Their Academic Achievements. Journal of Research and Reflections in Education, 13(2),172-184. https://doi.org/10.21125/inted.2019.0150
  80. TeachersCollegesj. (2020). What does satisfactory mean for grades? https://teacherscollegesj.org/what-does-satisfactory-mean-for-grades/?fbclid=IwAR24cu4 b2y8QAYVMCUCEGKstV6MuzTlSFt4xVCWSErm6upwjnxwM1YYx7AI
  81. Tran, T., Hoang, A. D., Nguyen, Y. C., Nguyen, L. C., Ta, N. T., Pham, Q. H., Pham, C. X., Le, Q. A., Dinh, V. H. & Nguyen, T. (2020). Toward sustainable learning during school suspension: Socioeconomic, occupational aspirations, and learning behavior of Vietnamese students during COVID-19. Sustainability, 12(10), 4195. https://doi.org/10.3390/su12104195
  82. Treviño, E., Miranda, C., Hernandez, M., & Villalobos, C. (2021, November). Socioeconomic Status, Parental Involvement and Implications for Subjective Well-Being During the Global Pandemic of Covid-19. In Frontiers in Education. Volume 6. Frontiers Media SA. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2021.762780
  83. Tus, J. (2021). Amidst the online learning in the Philippines: the parental involvement and its relationship to the student's academic performance. International Engineering Journal for Research & Development, 6(3), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14776347.v1
  84. Utami, A. Y. (2022). The Role of Parental Involvement in Student Academic Outcomes. Journal of Education Review Provision, 2(1), 17-21. https://doi.org/10.55885/jerp.v2i1.156
  85. Uaminal, J. M. (2021). The students who are left behind: Pandemic-Induced gap year in the Philippines.            Asian   Studies            Association      of         Australia. https://asaa.asn.au/the-students-who-are-left-behind-pandemic-induced-gap-year-in-the-p hilippines/
  86. Weintraub, D. & Sax, L. (2019). The Relationship Between Student–Parent Communication and FirstYear Academic Performance. NACADA Journal, Volume 38 (1) https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1187218.pdf
  87. Wezerak,         L.         (2023). What    is          Beneficence    in         Nursing? https://nurse.org/education/beneficence-nursing/
  88. Wiborg, Ø. N., & Grätz, M. (2022). Parents’ income and wealth matter more for children with low than high academic performance: Evidence from comparisons between and within families in egalitarian Norway. Research in Social Stratification and Mobility, 79, 100692. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rssm.2022.100692
  89. Wright, M. (2019). Why Studying At College Is Getting Harder And Harder Each Year. https://ceoworld.biz/2019/01/25/why-studying-at-college-is-getting-harder-and-harder-ea ch-year/?fbclid=IwAR0yiTWqph12Wbj_SQSrkeJM8KgmQsc7qa1tLAC4ntibbFPzBpkZ 0IRdDHc
  90. Yieng, L., Katenga, J. & Kijai, J. (2020). The Effect of Parental Support on Academic Performance among Students at Asia-Pacific International Universitiy. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/339678963_The_Effect_of_Parental_Support_o n_Academic_Performance_Among_Students_at_Asia-Pacific_International_University#:~:text=The%20findings%20revealed%20that%20academic%20performance%20cannot% 20be,does%20not%20adequately%20explain%20academic%20performance%20among% 20students

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic