Pagdidiskurso sa Nihonjinron at Kokusaika sa Pagkatuto ng Pangalawa at/o Pangatlong Wika ng mga Mag-aaral na Hapon: Kaso ng Ingles at Filipino
Mary Joy Sawa an | Jeffrixx S. Parajas
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
Japan is known for its culture as a nationalistic country with tremendous love for their language and culture that is being imposed to its people, also known as ‘Nihonjinron’ or ‘Japaneseness’. In education, they also learn foreign language like English, Mandarin, Spanish and even Filipino to achieve internationalization among other countries or to put in concept, it is called ‘Kokusaika’. Notes on the ideology of Nihonjinron and Kokusaika were analyzed using the Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) from several experts on the subject, including Befu (1983), Manabe (1993), Sugimoto (1999), Liddicoat (2007), and Rear (2017), to determine the interpretation of the two ideologies that focus on learning the foreign language particularly the English and Filipino of the Japanese people in Kagoshima, Japan that pervade their education system. Three factors from the study of the Japanese foreign language appear to be contextualized through Nihonjinron and Kokusaika ideology. First, there is a problem with communicative competence, which favors grammar above communication. Second, the lack of a global viewpoint that pervades the objective of foreign language acquisition, and finally, the intercultural awareness that encompasses the manner a foreign language is taught.
References:
- Befu, H. and Mannari H. (1983). Internationalization of Japan and Nihon bunkaron. In: Hiroshi Mannari and Harumi Befu (eds.): The Challenge of Japan’s Internationalization: Organization and Culture. Nishinomiya: Kwansei Gakuin University; Tokyo and New York: Kodansha International, pp. 232- 266.
- Befu, H. 1993. ‘Nationalism and nihonjinron’. In Cultural nationalism in East Asia: Representation and identity, edited by Befu, H. Berkeley, CA: Institute of East Asian Studies.
- Befu, H. (2001) Hegemony of Homogeneity: An Anthropological Analysis of Nihonjinron. Melbourne: Trans Pacific Press.
- Goodman, R. (2007). “The Concept of Kokusaika and Japanese Educational Reform.” Globalisation, Societies and Education 5 (5): 71-87.
- Kubota, R. (1998). Ideologies of English in Japan. World Englishes 17, (3) 295-306. New Jersey: Blackwell Pubishers Ltd.
- Kubota, R. (2002) The impact of globalization on language teaching in Japan. In D. Block and D. Cameron (eds) Globalization and Language Teaching (pp. 1328). London: Routledge
- Liddicoat, A. J. (2007). Internationalising Japan: Nihonjiron and the intercultural in Japanese language-in-education policy. Journal of Multicultural Discourses 2, (1) 32-46.
- Manabe K. & Harumi B. (1993). Japanese Cultural Identity, Japanstudien, 4:1, 89 102, DOI:10.1080/09386491.1993.11827036
- McCormack, G.(1994). Kokusaika, Nichibunken, andthequestionof Japanâbashing, Asian Studies Review, 17:3, 166-172, DOI: 10.1080/03147539408712964
- Morita, T. (1988). Rinkyoshin to nihonjin, nihonbunkaron. The ad hoc Council on Education and the Studies on the Uniqueness of Japanese). Tokyo: Shin Nihon Shuppansha.
- Morita, L. (2017). Why Japan needs English, Cogent Social Sciences, 3:1, DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2017.1399783
- Morris-Suzuki, T. (1998). Re-inventing Japan. Armock, New York: M. E. Sharp.
- Mouer, R. and Sugimoto, Y. (1986) Images of Japanese Society: A Study on the Structure of Social Reality. London and New York: Kegan Paul International.
- Nomura Sogo Kenkyusho (1978). Nihonjinron. Tokyo: Nomura Sogo Kenkyusho.
- Phan L. H. (2013) Issues surrounding English, the internationalisation of higher education and national cultural identity in Asia: a focus on Japan, Critical Studies in Education, 54:2, 160-175, DOI: 10.1080/17508487.2013.781047
- Rear, D. (2017). A Critical Analysis of Japanese Identity Discourse: Alternatives to the Hegemony of Nihonjinron. Asian Studies: Journal of Critical Perspectives on Asia, Vol. 53:2.
- Rosenkjar, P. (2015). An internship in communicative English teaching. In S. Horiguchi, Y. Imoto, & G. S. Poole (Eds.), Foreign language education in Japan: Exploring qualitative approaches (pp. 147–166). Rotterdam: Sense Publishers.10.1007/978-94-6300-325-4
- Sawa-an, M. J. (2019). Filipino for Beginners: Pagtuturo ng Wikang Filipino sa mga Mag-aaral na Hapon sa Kagoshima University, Japan. Thesis. Polytechnic University of the Philippines.
- Steele, D., & Zhang, R. (2016). Enhancement of teacher training: Key to improvement of English education in Japan. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences 217 (2016), 16–25.10.1016/j.sbspro.2016.02.007
- Stewart, A., & Miyahara, M. (2011). Parallel universes: Globalization and identity in English language teaching at a Japanese university. In P. Seargeant (Ed.), English in Japan in the era of Globalization (pp. 60– 79). Basingstoke: Palgrave Macmillan.10.1057/978023030619
ISSN 2546-0730 (Online)
ISSN 1908-8701 (Print)