“GANG GIRLS’ : THE CASE OF FEMALE SENIOR HIGH SCHOOL GANG MEMBERS
Emmanuel Firmo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
The study focuses on the case of female senior high school gang members of T. National Agricultural
School. The study involved eight (8) identified participants using Snowball sampling. Inductive
Thematic Analysis was used in the study to analyze responses from the participants. The research
aims to understand why female senior high school students join gangs, how their membership affects
their lives, and the valuable lessons they get from the experience. With the use of thematic analysis,
three themes were generated, namely: (1) Reasons for Joining a Gang, (2) Effects of Joining a Gang,
and (3) Life Lessons and Reflections. Theme 1 generated two (2) sub-themes, which are: "peer
influence and peer pressure" and "lack of psychosocial and emotional support from family." For
theme 2, the following two (2) sub-themes were generated: "distraction to studies" and "putting life
in danger." Lastly, for theme 3, generated one (1) sub-theme, which is "learning it the hard way." It is
highly recommended that schools, community leaders, and parents work hand-in-hand in solving
societal issues such as the involvement of female students in gang-related activities, which lead
them to a disadvantageous situation in their lives and studies.
References:
- American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry. (2018). Peer Pressure. https://www.aacap.org/AACAP/Families_and_Youth/Facts_for_Families/FFF-Guide/Peer-Pressure-104.aspx
- Anderson, J. F., & And, O. (1996). Ridding the African-American community of Black gang proliferation. Western Journal of Black Studies, 20(2), 83-88. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ548399
- Banning Police Department. (2009). KO gang. www.banningpolice.org/kogang
- Bates, K.A. and Swan, R.S. (2019). Juvenile Delinquency in a Diverse Society. https://www.amazon.com/Juvenile-Delinquency-Diverse-Society-Kristin/dp/1544375433
- Bhatt, G., & Tweed, R. (2018). University and community acting together to address youth violence and gang involvement. Canadian Psychology / Psychologie Canadienne, 59(2), 151–162. https://doi-org.csumb.idm.oclc.org/10.1037/cap0000149
- Braun, V. & Clarke, V. (2012) Thematic analysis. In H. Cooper, P. M. Camic, D. L. Long, A. T. Panter, D. Rindskopf, & K. J. Sher (Eds), APA handbook of research methods in psychology, Vol. 2: Research designs: Quantitative, qualitative, neuropsychological, and biological (pp. 57-71). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/269930410_Thematic_analysis
- Buhrmester, D. and Furman, W. (1987). The Development of Companionship and Intimacy. https://liberalarts.du.edu/sites/default/files/2021-04/buhrmester-gavin-1987.pdf
- Choak, C. (2018). Young Women on the Road: Femininities, Race and Gangs in London. https://repository.uel.ac.uk/item/86y34
- Dang, S.V. (2020). I Had Every Reason to Join This Gang, But it was a Shattering Mistake. https://jjie.org/2020/08/31/i-had-every-reason-to-join-this-gang-but-it-was-a-shattering-mistake/
- Dziewanski, D. (2020). Femme Fatales: Girl Gangsters and Violent Street Culture in Cape Town. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/1557085120914374
- Dunbar, L. (2017). Youth Gangs in Canada: A Review of Current Topics and Issues. https://youthrex.com/wp-content/uploads/2019/05/2017-r001-en.pdf
- Gahar, R. B., (2020). Philippine Youth gangs and Delinguent: An Overview. https://www.ijisrt.com/assets/upload/files/IJISRT20MAY895.pdf
- Gang Free.org. (n.d.) Why People Join? https://gangfree.org/why-people-join/
- Gomez-Auyong, Z. E., Smith, S., and Ferguson, C. J. (2018). Girls in Gangs: Exploring Risk in a British Youth Context. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/0011128718763130
- Healthy Children.org. (2014). Teenagers and Gangs. https://www.healthychildren.org/English/ages-stages/teen/Pages/Teenagers-and-Gangs.aspx
- Howell, J. C. (1998). Youth gangs: An overview. Juvenile Justice Bulletin. Youth Gang Series. Washington, DC:U.S. Department of Justice, Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles/167249.pdf
- Howell, J. C. (2000). Gang Prevention: An Overview of Research and Programs. https://www.ojp.gov/pdffiles1/ojjdp/231116.pdf
- Huff, C.R. (1998). Comparing the criminal behavior of youth gangs and at-risk youths. Washington, DC: National Institute of Justice. https://nij.ojp.gov/library/publications/comparing-criminal-behavior-youth-gangs-and-risk-youths-research-brief
- Li et. al. (2002). Risk and protective factors associated with gang involvement among urban African American adolescents. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2002-06758-005
- Mcleod, S. (2023). Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs. https://www.simplypsychology.org/maslow.html
- Merriam, Sharan B. (2009). Qualitative research: A guide to design and implementation (2nd ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass. https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q))/reference/References Papers.aspx? ReferenceID=757189
- Meerin, G. J., Hong, G. S., and Espelage, D. L. (2015). Are the Risk and Protective Factors Similar for Gang-Involved, Pressured-to-Join, and Non-Gang-Involved Youth? A Social-Ecological Analysis. https://gabrieljmerrin.rbind.io/files/merrin-hong-espelage-2015.pdf
- Mwangangi, R. K. (2019). The Role of Family in Dealing with Juvenile Delinquency. https://www.scirp.org/journal/paperinformation.aspx?paperid=90991
- National Gang Center (2021). Responding to Gangs in Schools: A Collaborative Approach to School Safety. https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED600318.pdf
- Nikolopoulou, K. (2022). What is Snowball Sampling: Definition and Example, https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/snowball-sampling/
- Novich, M. (2020). Female Gang Involvement. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/9781118929803.ewac0127
- Osman, F. S. and Wood, J. L. (2020). Rethinking How We View Gang Members: An Examination into Affective, Behavioral, and Mental Health Predictors of UK Gang-Involved Youth. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/full/10.1177/1473225419893779
- Parnell, A.V. (2013). The Effects of Gang Membership on a Students’ Academic Success. https://studylib.net/doc/16179381/the-effects-gang-membership-has-on-a-student%E2%80%99s-academic-s...
- Solakoglu, O. and Yuksek, D. A. (2020). Delinquency Among Turkish Adolescents: Testing Akers’ Social Structure and Social Learning Theory. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/abs/10.1177/0306624X19897400
- Sutton, T. E. (2017). The lives of female gang members: A review of the literature. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320382846_The_lives_of_female_gang_members_A_review_of_the_literature
- Thornberry, T. P., Krohn, M. D., Lizotte, A. J., Smith, C. A., &Tobin, K. (2003). Gangs and delinquency in developmental perspective.New York: Cambridge University Press. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/267551621_Gangs_and_Delinquency_in_Development_Perspective
- U. S. Department of Justice. (2015). About violent gangs. http://www.justice.gov/criminal-ocgs/about-violent-gangs.
- Wu, J., Hu, X., and Orrick, E. A. (2021). The Relationship between Motivations for Joining Gangs and Violent Offending: A Preliminary Test on Self-Determination Theory. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15564886.2021.1898508