HomeInternational Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Researchvol. 5 no. 4 (2024)

Ina- Manggagawa- Mag-aaral: The Lived Experiences, Challenges, Coping and Aspirations of Working- Student- Mothers

Jennie Marie V. Sudweste | Ana Nelia L. Jumamil

 

Abstract:

Many individuals are pursuing graduate degrees while working and raising children. The aim of this study is to explore the lived experiences, challenges, coping, and aspirations of working-student- mothers who fulfill employment, academic, and family obligations. The mother's educational and work efforts provide the necessary information, needed skills, and a desirable attitude for a family's general well-being. The study intends explicitly to 1. explore the experiences and challenges faced by working student mothers. 2. Investigate their coping strategies and aspirations for managing different roles. 3. understand their current living situation. The participants consisted of twelve (12) mothers who had a minimum of two dependents, were enrolled in a master's degree program, and were employed in an organization. Participants were administered a brief demographic questionnaire and engaged in a semi-structured interview. This study utilized interpretative phenomenology analysis. The latest findings emphasize that participants shared their experience of navigating the complexities of managing coursework, jobs, and caregiving responsibilities, which led to feeling overwhelmed. The stress factor was primarily attributed to low income and inadequate childcare expenses. However, they employed effective coping strategies using work-life balance, such as social support and time management. Pursuing a master's degree encompassed the opportunity to enhance their abilities and expand their knowledge and earning potential. The study revealed that they exhibited strong motivation and perseverance, with solid career aspirations driving their academic and professional pursuits, benefiting themselves and their families.



References:

  1. Akomaning, E., & Osafo, A. (2021). Challenges and coping strategies of student mothers of 'ucc' college of distance education: The case of the Cape Coast centre. Journal of Educational Management, 11. https://doi.org/10.47963/jem.v11i.242
  2. Ashipala DO, Natanael S (2022) Experiences of nursing students who are mothers in bal-ancing their dual roles in undergraduate nursing and midwifery education: A phe-nomenological study, International Jour-nal of Africa Nursing Sciences,Volume 17, 100447. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijans.2022.100447
  3. Avasthi, A. (2010). Preserve and strengthen family to promote mental health. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 52(2), 113–126. doi: 10.4103/0019-5545.64582
  4. Baker, L. R., & McNulty, J. K. (2015). Adding Insult to Injury: Partner Depression Mod-erates the Association Between Partner-Regulation Attempts and Partners’ Moti-vation to Resolve Interpersonal Prob-lems. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 108(5), 839–852. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167215580777
  5. Bergland, C. Perseverance Cultivates Purpose-fulness and Boosts Resilience. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-athletes-way/201905/perseverance-cultivates-purposefulness-and-boosts-resilience 2019, May 4
  6. Bosch, B. (2013). Women who Study: Balanc-ing the Dual Roles of Postgraduate Stu-dent and Mother (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Edith Cowan University.
  7. Cabaguing, A. M. (2017). Motherhood and Stu-denthood: The Lived Experiences of Col-lege Student Mothers in Samar State Uni-versity. International Review of Social Sciences, 5(3). ISSN 2309- 0081. https://www.researchgate.net/publica-tion/336074262_Motherhood_and_'Studenthood'_The_Lived_Experiences_of_College_Student_Mothers_in_Samar_State_University
  8. Cherry, K. Self-Determination Theory and Mo-tivation. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-self-determination-theory-2795387 2021, March 15
  9. Cherry, K. Social Support for Psychological Health. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/social-support-for-psychological-health-4119970 2020, April 14
  10. Collins, C. (2019). Making Motherhood Work: How Women Manage Careers and Care-giving. https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=aqlrDwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PP1&dq=working+mother+worry+about+their+children&ots=5cAr4iVBoj&sig=a8nxFOG8mgccFGde7sxieayUkuY&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=working%20mother%20worry%20about%20their%20children&f=false
  11. Cruz, ST, De Guzman J, De Silva L, De Borja JM (2021) Facilitating Learning at Home: The Experiences of Parents With Multiple Children. Journal of Progressive Educa-tion. Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 706-715. http://dx.doi.org/10.23960/jpp.v11.i3.202121
  12. Department of Labor and Employment (DLE). (n.d.). Presidential Decree No. 442, As AmendedA Decree Instituting A Labor Code Thereby Revising And Consolidating Labor And Social Laws To Afford Protec-tion To Labor, Promote Employment And Human Resources Development And In-sure Industrial Peace Based On Social Jus-tice. Bureau of Labor Relations. Prelimi-nary Title | Bureau of Labor Relations (dole.gov.ph
  13. DuBransky, T. D. (2014). Employed graduate student mothers: The benefits, challeng-es, and perspectives of women fulfilling student, family and worker roles (Doc-toral dissertation). University of Califor-nia Santa Barbara.
  14. Employment Situation in January 2020. Philip-pine Statistical Authority. https://psa.gov.ph/content/employment-situation-january-2020-0 2020, August 7
  15. Esia-Donkoh, K. (2014). Child-rearing practic-es among student-mothers. Society & Bi-ology & Human Affairs, 78(1&2), 20–38. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/281117729
  16. Field, B. How creativity positively impacts your health. Verywell Mind. https://www.verywellmind.com/how-creativity-positively-impacts-your-health-5113162 2021, March 23
  17. Figgou, L., & Pavlopoulos, V. (2015). Social psychology: Research methods. Elsevier EBooks. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-097086-8.24028-2
  18. Gemellia PA, Wongkaren TS (2021) The Ef-fects of Parental Working Hours on the Cognitive of Children in Indonesia. Jour-nal of Indonesian Economics and Devel-opment Volume 21, Issue 1, pp. 14-30 https://doi.org/10.21002/jepi.v21i1.1329
  19. Glean, D. K. (2021, January 24). Punishing an unfaithful husband: Jurisprudential de-velopment of marital infidelity. UST Law Review. PUNISHING AN UNFAITHFUL HUSBAND: Jurisprudential Development of Marital Infidelity - UST Law Review
  20. Green, M. (2015). The effect of college-family conflict on academic variables for college student-parents (Doctoral dissertation). ProQuest Dissertations and Theses data-base. (UMI No. 3586713). PubMed DOI:10.1037/a0024731
  21. Hamid SRA, Salleh S (2013) Exploring Single Parenting Process in Malaysia: Issues and Coping Strategies. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences. Volume 84. Pages 1154-1159, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.06.718
  22. Holecko, C. (2020, June 4). The bonding bene-fits of active family time. Very Well Mind. https://www.verywellfamily.com/the-bonding-benefits-of-family-fitness-1257087
  23. Jeanfreau, M. (2009). A qualitative study inves-tigating the decision-making process of women’s participation in marital infideli-ty. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/5166126.pdf
  24. Johnson, M., & Nussbaum, E. M. (2012). Achievement goals and coping strategies: Identifying the traditional/nontraditional students who use them. Journal of College Student Development, 53(1), 41-54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/csd.2012.0002
  25. Johnston, K., James, T., Braund, A., & Mullaney, L. (2018). Mothers-in-enabling: Overcom-ing challenges to become better role models and an inspiration to their fami-lies. FABENZ Conference 2018.
  26. Joseph, S. (2016, November 5). How to see challenges as opportunities. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/what-doesnt-kill-us/201611/how-see-challenges-opportunities
  27. Jr., R. E. (2015, May 12). Dissecting the guts of motivation. Psychology Today. https://www.psychologytoday.com/us/blog/the-main-ingredient/201505/dissecting-the-guts-motivation
  28. Kibelloh M., Bao Y (2014) Can Online MBA Programmes Allow Professional working mothers to Balance Work, Family, and Career Progression? A Case Study in Chi-na. The Asia-Pacific Education Research-er. Volume 23, Issue 2, pp. 249-259. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40299-013-0101-1
  29. Lange, B., & Ohlbrecht, H. (2022). Parenthood in a crisis 2.0 motherhood in the tension between homeschooling and home office: A comparison after 1 year of the pandem-ic. International Dialogues on Education, 8(1/2), 36–50. https://idejournal.org/index.php/ide/article/view/252
  30. Liang, E., Peters, L., Lomidze, A., & Akaba, S. (2020). “I like being involved in school stuff”: Mothers’ perspectives around their participation in family engagement in universal prekindergarten. School Com-munity Journal, 30(1), 59–87. http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1257662.pdf
  31. Martinez, E., Ordu C., Della Sala, M., & McFar-lane A. (2013). Striving to obtain a school-work-life balance: The full-time doctoral student. International Journal of Doctoral Studies, 8. http://ijds.org/Volume8/IJDSv8p039-059Martinez0375.pdf
  32. McCutcheon, J. M., & Morrison, M. A. (2017). It’s “like walking on broken glass”: Pan-Canadian reflections on work-family con-flict from psychology women faculty and graduate students. Feminism & Psycholo-gy, 28(2), 231-252. https://doi.org/10.1177/0959353517739641
  33. Mclntosh, B. 6 Top reasons to avoid being stagnant at work. https://www.biospace.com/article/releases/6-top-reasons-to-avoid-being-stagnant-at-work-/ (2013, March 21).
  34. Nargis, A. (2012). Educated working mothers to hoist children academic perfor-mance. Volume 1, Issue 2, International Journal of Technology and Inclusive Edu-cation (IJTIE). https://infonomics-society.org/wp-content/uploads/ijtie/published-papers/volume-1-2012/Educated-Working-Mothers-to-Hoist-Children-Academic-Performance.pdf
  35. Nieuwenhuis, J. (2010). Qualitative research designs and data gathering techniques. In
  36. Maree, K. (Ed), First steps in re-search (pp.70–97). Pretoria: Van Schaik. https://docplayer.net/20889139-Qualitative-research-session-3-data-gathering-prof-jan-nieuwenhuis.html
  37. Rasmussen College Team Blog. (2011). Student focus: Balancing a family, full-time em-ployment and school. 2019 Rassmussen College, Inc. https://www.rasmussen.edu/student-experience/college-life/working-full-time-and-going-to-college/
  38. Robbins, J. Ecopsychology: How immersion in nature benefits your health. Yale Envi-ronment 360: https://e360.yale.edu/features/ecopsychology-how-immersion-in-nature-benefits-your-health 2020, January 9
  39. Schlossberg, M., & Firman, T. 6 Reasons why men really cheat. RedBook: https://www.redbookmag.com/love-sex/relationships/advice/a3966/why-men-cheat/ 2017, December 01
  40. Scott, E. Relishing the joy of motherhood. Verywell Fami-ly.com: https://www.verywellfamily.com/relishing-the-joy-of-motherhood-3145156 2021, March 11
  41. Sharma, K. 12 reasons why men have extra-marital affairs. Bonobolo-gy: https://www.bonobology.com/reasons-why-men-have-extramarital-affairs/ 2021, April 20.
  42. Smith, J. A., & Osborn, M. (2003). Interpreta-tive phenomenological analysis. In J. A. Smith (Ed.), Qualitative psychology: A practical guide to research methods (pp. 51–80). Sage Publications, Inc. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2003-06442-003
  43. Smith, J. A., Flowers, P., & Larkin, M. (2012). Interpretative phenomenological analysis: Theory, method and research. London: Sage. https://us.sagepub.com/en-us/nam/interpretative-phenomenological-analysis/book250130
  44. Somkome T, Worrawattanakul W, Damrong-suk P, Attham W (2022) The lived expe-rience of mothers in parenting their young children aged 0-3 years and their needs for home health care support. Journal of Health Science Re-search Volume 16, Issue 3, pp. 63-74. https://he01.tci-thai-jo.org/index.php/JHR/article/view/258088.
  45. Stahl, A. Struggles for working parents are likely to remain post-pandem-ic. Forbes. https://www.forbes.com/sites/ashleystahl/2021/04/02/struggles-for-working-parents-are-likely-to-remain-post-pandemic/?sh=12e48bdb6856  2021, April 2
  46. Stibich, M. What is religion? Verywell Mind.com: https://www.verywellmind.com/religion-improves-health-2224007#citation-9 2020, September 24
  47. Stimpson, R. L., & Filer, K. L. (2011). Female graduate students’ work-life balance and the student affairs professional. In P. A. Pasque & S. E. Nicholson (Eds.), Empowering women in higher ed-ucation and student affairs: Theory, re-search, narratives, and practice from fem-inist perspectives (pp. 69-84). Sterling, VA: Sty-lus. https://repository.stcloudstate.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1018&context=hied_etds
  48. Swingle, A. L. (2013). College student parents: Stress, role conflict, and coping. Theses and Dissertations (All), 34. http://knowledge.library.iup.edu/etd/34
  49. Taukeni, S. (2014). The main challenges stu-dent mothers experience to manage their dual roles. International Journal of Ad-vances in Psychology (IJAP), 3(3). doi: 10.14355/ijap.2014.0303.04
  50. The importance of a master's program. GradSchools.com: https://www.gradschools.com/degree-guide/why-masters-degree-important 2020
  51. Utami, A. D. (2019). Walking a tightrope: Juggl-ing competing demands as a PhD student and a mother. In Wellbeing in Doctoral Education (pp. 77–91). doi: 10.1007/978-981-13-9302-0_8
  52. Uwakwe, R. C., Mercy, O., Elom, C., Benedette, M., Uba, I., Obih, S. O. A., Ugbogu, C., Otubo, F. A., & Eze, E. (2021). Academic challenges of student mothers in tertiary education: Implication for inclusiveness and counselling. Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry, 12(9), 2509–2521. https://www.researchgate.net/publica-tion/361641202_Academic_Challenges_of_Student_Mothers_in_Tertiary_Education_Implica-tion_for_Inclusiveness_and_Counselling_Academ-ic_Challenges_of_Student_Mothers_in_Tertiary_Education_Implication_for_Inclusiveness_an
  53. Vyskocil, G. M. (2018). Challenges, needs and experiences of single parent student mothers in higher education. Electronic Theses, Projects and Dissertations, 612. http://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/612
  54. Whelan, D. (2014). The role conflict of work-ing mothers: Identity, coping & satisfac-tion with life. Dublin Business School. https://esource.dbs.ie/bitstream/handle/10788/2035/ba_whelan_d_2014.pdf?sequence=1
  55. Yang, A. M., & Bullecer, M. F. (2016). Perse-verance, experiences and motivation of single mothers to finish college. The Be-dan Journal of Psychology, 2016, II. https://www.sanbedaalabang.edu.ph/bede/images/researchpublication/BedanJournalPsych/BJP2016v2-167.pdf.
  56. Yunisah Y, Amalia RP, Akram AR, Moeliono MF, Abidin FA (2022) Social Support and Parenting Stress During the Covid-19 Pandemic. Journal of Educational, Health and Community Psychology Volume 11, Issue 3, pp. 684-697. http://journal.uad.ac.id/index.php/Psychology/article/view/23801