Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 16 no. 1 (2023)

Burnout and Attitude Towards Physical Activity of Public Junior High School Teachers: Basis for an Intervention Plan

Phillip John Relacion

Discipline: Psychology

 

Abstract:

The study determined the relationship between burnout and attitude towards physical activity of public junior high school teachers as basis for an intervention plan. This quantitative study employed descriptive-correlation design utilizing adapted questionnaires to gather data. Mean, standard deviation, Pearson product moment correlation coefficient and linear regression were the statistical tools used to treat the data. The findings revealed that the level of burnout among the public junior high teachers was rated low. Moreover, the level of attitude towards physical activity was rated high. Further, there was a significant relationship between burnout and attitude towards physical activity of public junior high school teachers. Among the three domains, only depersonalization had a significant influence on the attitude towards physical activity of the public junior high school teachers. Furthermore, an intervention plan for teachers was formulated.



References:

  1. Abadilla, D. D. (2017). Most Filipinos lack exercise – study. Inquirer.net:  https://business.inquirer.net/223197/filipinos-lack-exercise.
  2. Abu-Hilal, M. M., & Abu-Hilal, M. M. (2014). The relationship between teacher burnout, teachers' self-efficacy beliefs, perceived students' behaviour and attitudes towards students' achievement. Teaching and Teacher Education, 43, 16-26.
  3. Abucay, P. D., Miranda , L., & Cervera, R. C. (2016). Motivation to Exercise and Activity Preferences of Junior High School Students of the University of the Immaculate Conception. Philippine e-Journals, Vol. 4, No. 1: https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=13759
  4. Ackerman, C. E. (2020). What is Self-Efficacy Theory In Psychology? Positive Psychology: https://positivepsychology.com/self-efficacy/
  5. Adina, A. P. (2017). Filipinos not much into exercise, Sun Life Health Index shows. Inquirer.net: https://business.inquirer.net/223707/filipinos-not-much-exercise-sun-life-health-index-shows
  6. Ahola, K., Honkonen, T., Isometsä, E., Kalimo, R., Nykyri, E., Aromaa, A., & Lönnqvist, J. (2018). Burnout in the general population: Results from the Finnish Health 2000 Study. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 43(11), 872-878.
  7. Ajzen, I. (1991). The Theory of Planned Behavior. Research Gate: https://DOI:10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-T
  8. Ali, S. (2018). The important of physical activities in our life. Research Gate: https://DOI:10.15406/ipmrj.2018.03.00121
  9. Ali, S. (2022). A Quarter of US Adults are Physically Inactive: CDC Report. Changing America. https://thehill.com/changing-america/well-being/longevity/592061-a-quarter-of-us-adults-are-physically-inactive-cdc/.
  10. Aloe, A. M., Amo, L. C. & Shanahan, M.E. (2019). Classroom Emotional Climate, Teacher Sel-efficiency, and Burnout: A Multidimensional Examination:    Journal of School Psychology, 72, 141-156.
  11. American Psychological Association. (2009). Physical Inactivity Poses Greatest Health Risk to Americans, Research Shows. American Psychological Association: https://bit.ly/3GB2U71
  12. Apuke, O. (2017, October). Quantitative Research Methods : A Synopsis Approach. Research Gate: https://bit.ly/3DHsNAp
  13. Araújo, A., & Dosil, J. (2015). The influence of attitudes toward. Motriz, Rio Claro, v.21 n.4, p.344-351: https://bit.ly/3GyqQrN 
  14. Ayala, F., de Baranda, P. S., & Croix, M. B. (2016). Effects of static and dynamic stretching on hip adductor strength, explosiveness, and range of motion in professional soccer players. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 30(4), 1144-1152. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000001183.
  15. Azizi, M. (2011). Effects of Doing Physical Exercises on Stress-Coping Strategies and the Intensity of the Stress Experienced by University Students in Zabol, Southeastern Iran. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042811018982
  16. Baclig, C.E. (2022).  In first ever report on physical inactivity, WHO warns of         diseases, costs.Inquirer.net. https://newsinfo.inquirer.net/1683304/in-first-ever-report-on-physical-inactivity-who-warns-of-diseases-costs.
  17. Bakker, A. B. (2014). Weekly work engagement and performance: A study among starting teachers. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology,      87(4), 789-805.
  18. Bandura, A., Barbaranelli, C., Caprara, G. V., & Pastorelli, C. (2016). Mechanisms of moral disengagement in the exercise of moral agency. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(2), 364-374.
  19. Barron, A. B., Hebets, E. A., Cleland, T. A., Fitzpatrick, C. L., & Hauber, M. E. (2015). Embracing multiple definitions of learning. Eileen Hebets Publication: Papers in the Biological Science: https://bit.ly/3oKI7HZ
  20. Barutçu, E., & Serinkan, C. (2013). Burnout Syndrome of Teachers: An Empirical Study in Denizli in Turkey. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, Vol. 89: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.853 
  21. Bélair, M.-A., Kohen, D. E., Kingsbury, M., & Colman, I. (2018). Relationship between leisure time physical activity, sedentary behaviour and symptoms of depression and anxiety: evidence from a population-based sample of Canadian adolescents. BMJ Journals, Volume 8, Issue 10: https://bmjopen.bmj.com/content/8/10/e021119
  22. Benavinte, R. P., Francis, D. A., Doria, J. P., Estabillo, Jr., H. C., Julian, R. G., Lappay , G. L., . . .Yap, J. C. (2013). Physical Education and Health - Grade 8, Learner's Module, First Editioin. Philippines: Department of Education. 
  23. Bennie, J. A. (2019). The prevalence and correlates of meeting the WHO guidelines on physical activity for health in adults with intellectual disabilities in Australia. Preventive Medicine Reports, 13, 211-217.
  24. Benson, K. (2017). The Effects of Exercise on Mental Health: A Research Review. Honors College Theses. 36. https://bit.ly/3GwiWz0
  25. Bianchi , R., Schonfeld, I., & Laurent , E. (2015). Burnout-depression overlap: a review. Clinical Psychology. Rev: https://doi: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004
  26. Bianchi, R., Schonfeld, I. S., & Laurent, E. (2015). Burnout-depression overlap: A review. Clinical Psychology Review, 36, 28-41. https://DOI: 10.1016/j.cpr.2015.01.004 
  27. Blase, J. J., Fixsen, D. L., Duda, M. A., & Metz, A. J. (2017). Leadership matters: Evidence from the science of implementation in large-scale reforms. Journal of Education Policy, 32(2), 183-207.
  28. Bogaert, I., de Martelaer, K., Deforche, B., Clarys , P., & Zinzen, E. (2014). Associations between different types of physical activity and teachers’ perceived mental, physical, and work-related health. BMC Public Health, 534 : https://bit.ly/3ENXXrb
  29. Bonavolontà, V., Cataldi, S., Maci, D., & Fischetti, F. (2020). Physical activities and enjoyment during the lockdown: Effect of home-based supervised training among children and adolescents. Research Gate: DOI:10.14198/jhse.2020.15.Proc4.31
  30. Bouchrika, I. (2020). Types of Research Design: Perspective and Methodological Approaches. Reseach: https://research.com/research/types-of-research-design
  31. Bousquet, S. (2012). Teacher Burnout: Causes, Cures and Prevention. ERIC: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED534527.pdf
  32. Brand, R., & Cheval, B. (2019). Theories to Explain Exercise Motivation and Physical Inactivity: Ways of Expanding Our Current Theoretical Perspective. Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 10: doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01147 
  33. Brand, S., Gerber, M., Beck, J., Hatzinger, M., Pühse, U., & Holsboer-Trachsler, E. (2010). High exercise levels are related to favorable sleep patterns and psychological functioning in adolescents: a comparison of athletes and controls. Journal of Adolescent Health, 46(2), 133-141. https://DOI: 10.1016/j.jadohealth.2009.06.018
  34. Brazier, Y. (2020). What causes fatigue, and how can I treat it? Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/248002
  35. Brennan, D. (2021). How Does Mental Health Affect Physical Health. WebMD: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/how-does-mental-health-affect-physical-health
  36. Brito, W., dos Santos, C., Marcolongo, A., Campos, M., Bocalini, D., Antonio, E., . . . Serra, A. (2012). Physical activity levels in public school teachers. Research Gate: https://www.researchgate.net/publication/221751860_Physical_activity_levels_in_public_school_teachers
  37. Brouwers, A., & Tomic, W. (2013). A longitudinal study of teacher burnout and perceived self-efficacy in classroom management. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 122-131.
  38. Brown, D. K., Brown, D. R., Heath, G. W., Balluz, L. S., Giles, W. H., Ford, E. S., Mokdad, A. H., & the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. (2015). Associations between physical activity dose and health-related quality of life. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 47(4), 735–741. https://doi.org/10.1249/MSS.0000000000000468
  39. Brown, T. D., Kirk, D., & Bardid, F. (2018). Exploring the beliefs of pre-service and in-service teachers about teaching physical education in primary schools. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 23(1), 57-71. 
  40. Buckworth, J., Lee, R. E., Regan, G., Schneider, L. K., &DiClemente, C. C. (2016). Decomposition Theory and the Theory of Planned Behavior. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 26(4), 439-454.
  41. Cafasso , J. (2021). Emotional Exhaustion: What It Is and How to Treat It. Healthline: https://www.healthline.com/health/emotional-exhaustion
  42. Campbell, N., De Jesus, S., & Prapavessis, H. (2013). Physical Fitness. In: Gellman M.D., Turner J.R. (eds) Encyclopedia of Behavioral Medicine. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1005-9_1167
  43. Carraro, A., Gobbi, E., Bertollo, M., & Scarpa, S. (2010). Burnout and Self-Perceptions of Physical Fitness in a Sample of Italian Physical Education Teachers. Gate: htts://DOI:10.2466/06.07.11.14.PMS.111.6.790-798 
  44. Carol, D., & Dweck, C. S. (2016). Mindset: The new psychology of success. Random House.
  45. Casarella, J. (2020, September 27). Mental Health and Depersonalization Disorder. Web MD: https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/depersonalization-disorder-mental-health.
  46. Caspersen, C. J., Powell, K. E., & Christenson, G. M. (2012). Physical activity, exercise, and physical fitness: Definitions and distinctions for health-related research. Public Health Reports, 100(2), 126-131.
  47. Chan, D. K. (2021). Positive and negative affective associations with physical activity and sedentary behaviors in adults: A big data approach. Health Psychology, 40(2), 94-101.
  48. Chang, M. L., Davis, H. A., & Liu, E. Y. (2015). Understanding the role of teacher emotions in teacher-student relationships: The case of collective teacher            efficacy. Teaching and Teacher Education, 52, 44-55. 
  49. Chang, M. L., Davis, H. A., & Liu, E. (2019). Teacher burnout: What it means,       why it matters, and how we can alleviate it. Theory into Practice, 58(1), 4-          13.
  50. Chang, Y. K., Labban, J. D., Gapin, J. I., & Etnier, J. L. (2017). The effects of acute exercise on cognitive performance: a meta-analysis. Brain research, 1 651, 177-187. https://doi:10.1016/j.brainres.2016.11.020 
  51. Cheng, J.-C., Chiu, C.-Y., & Su, T. J. (2019). Training and Evaluation of Human Cardiorespiratory Endurance Based on a Fuzzy Algorithm. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: DOI:10.3390/ijerph16132390
  52. Cherry, K. (2020). The Psychology of How People Learn. Very Well Mind: Psychology: https://www.verywellmind.com/what-is-learning-2795332 
  53. Cheung, T., Lam, S. C., & Chiu, H. Y. (2020). Positive psychological well-being enhances exercise performance and efficiency. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(4), 1326. https://doi: 10.3390/ijerph17041326. 
  54. Chin, S. T., & Jeswenny, S. (2021). The effect of physical activity behavior and goal content on physical activity attitude among Malaysian adolescents. Current Psychology. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-021-02620-5
  55. Cho, J., Bonn, M. A., & Han, S. (2017). Work-related escapism among hotel employees: The role of work engagement and burnout. International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management, 29(3), 1017-1036.
  56. Cho, M.S. & Kim, J.Y. (2019). A Study of Factors Affecting the Physical Activity of Youth: Analysis of Data from the 13th Youth Health Behavior Online Survey in 2017. National Center for Biotechnology Information. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6416516/
  57. Clark, L., Cuthbert, B., Lewis-Fernandez, R., Narrow, W. E., & Reed, G. M. (2017). Three Approaches to Understanding and Classifying Mental Disorder: ICD-11, DSM-5, and the National Institute of Mental Health’s Research Domain Criteria (RDoC). Psychological Science in the Public Interest, Vol. 18, Issue 2: https://doi.org/10.1177/1529100617727266
  58. Colberg, S. R., Sigal, R. J., Fernhall, B., Regensteiner, J. G., Blissmer, B. J., Rubin, R. R., ... & Braun, B. (2016). Exercise and type 2 diabetes: the American College of Sports Medicine and the American Diabetes Association: joint position statement. Diabetes Care, 39(11), 2065-2079. https://DOI: 10.2337/dc10-9990
  59. Čopková, R. (2021, June 12). The relationship between burnout syndrome and boreout syndrome of secondary school teachers during COVID-19. Journal of Pedagogical Research, Volume 5 Issue 2, pp. 138-151: https://doi.org/10.33902/JPR.2021269824
  60. Cotterill, S. T., Sanders, R., & Collins, D. (2018). Developing performance‐oriented cultures for youth athletes. Journal of Clinical Sport Psychology, 12(3), 373-393. 
  61. Craft, L. L., & Perna, F. M. (2004). The Benefits of Exercise for the Clinically Depressed. Primary Care Companion to the Journal of Clinical Psychiatry, 6(3), 104-111. https://doi: 10.4088/pcc.v06n0301.
  62. Craft, L. L., & Perner, C. (2018). The Benefits of Exercise for the Clinically Depressed. The Primary Care Companion for CNS Disorders, 20(1), 17r02214. https://doi.org/10.4088/PCC.17r02214
  63. Creswell, J. W. (2014). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative and Mixed Methods Approaches. Fourth Edition. Thousand Oaks, California: SAGE Publications Incorporated.
  64. Creswell, J., & Creswell, J. (2018). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches; 5th Edition. Thousand Oaks, California 91320: SAGE Publications, Inc. 
  65. Dacey, M. L., et al. (2013). Motivating Exercise Behaviors: The Role of Autonomy, Relatedness, and Competence Support in College Students. Journal of American College Health, 61(3), 187–194.
  66. Dadi, G., Dervaux, A., Krebs, M.-O., Gaillard, R., Laqueille, X., & Plaze, M. (2016). Persistent Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder Induced by Synthetic Cannabinoids. The American Journal of Psychiatry: https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ajp.2016.16010029
  67. Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2017). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: How successful school leaders use transformational and instructional strategies to make a difference. Educational Administration Quarterly, 53(2), 319-359. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X156168
  68. de Vries, J. D., Claessens, B. J., van Hooff, M. L., Geurts, S. A., van den Bossche, S. N., & Kompier, M. A. (2016). Disentangling longitudinal relations between physical activity, work-related fatigue, and task demands. International archives of occupational and environmental health, 89(1), 89–101. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-015-1054-x
  69. Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2012). Self-determination theory. In P. A. M. Van Lange, A. W. Kruglanski, & E. T. Higgins (Eds.), Handbook of theories of social psychology (pp. 416–436). Sage Publications Ltd.: https://doi.org/10.4135/9781446249215.n21
  70. Delextrat, A., Henriquet, F., & Boullosa, D. A. (2019). Are burnout symptoms associated with physical performance in elite athletes? Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 51(5), 952-961.
  71. Demerouti, E., Bakker, A. B., & Bulters, A. J. (2017). The loss spiral of work pressure, work-home interference and exhaustion: Reciprocal relations in a three-wave study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 102(3), 458-471. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-8791(03)00030-7
  72. DeMet, T., & Wahl-Alexander, Z. (2019). Integrating Skill-Related Components of Fitness into Physical Education. Research Gate: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/08924562.2019.1637315?journalCode=ustr20
  73. Dewa, C. (2015). Worker attitudes towards mental health problems and disclosure. Int J Occup Environ Med: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25270007/
  74. Diaz, C. I. (2018). The Truth About Teacher Burnout: It’s Work Induced Depression. American Psychology Association: Psych Learning Curve Where Psychology and Education Connect: http://psychlearningcurve.org/the-truth-about-teacher-burnout/
  75. Dismore, H., & Bailey, R. (2011). Fun and enjoyment in physical education: young people’s attitudes. Research Gate: https://DOI:10.1080/02671522.2010.484866.
  76. Dreison, K. C., et al. (2018). Burnout, depressive symptoms, and anxiety in Ugandan humanitarian aid workers: The mediating role of social support. Journal of Traumatic Stress, 31(6), 802-810.
  77. Ekkekakis, P., Brand, R., & Azevedo, L. B. (2019). Physical activity and affect in elementary schoolchildren: An interdisciplinary perspective. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 8(5), 395-401.
  78. Elghazally, S., Alkarn, A., Elkhayat, H., Ibrahim, A., & Elkhayat, M. (2021). Burnout Impact of COVID-19 Pandemic on Health-Care Professionals at Assiut University Hospitals, 2020. Internation Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC8157591/
  79. Ennis, C. D. (2015). Elementary teachers' perceptions of physical education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 34(2), 281-303. 
  80. Ennis, C. D., Housner, L. D., & Jenkins, J. M. (2016). The impact of teacher personal and social responsibility on student attitudes toward physical activity and health. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 21(6), 645-662.
  81. Epel, E. S., Crosswell, A. D., Mayer, S. E., Prather, A. A., Slavich, G. M., & Puterman, E. (2018). More than a feeling: A unified view of stress measurement for population science. Frontiers in neuroendocrinology, 49, 146-169. https://https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2018.03.001
  82. Erickson, K. I., Hillman, C. H., & Kramer, A. F. (2019). Physical activity, brain, and cognition. Current opinion in behavioral sciences, 28, 167-172. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cobeha.2019.01.023
  83. Essawy, M. (2016). Job Stressors, Emotional Exhaustion and Service Recovery in Independent Quick Service Restaurants in Egypt: An Empirical Investigation. Advances in Hospitality and Tourism Research (AHTR), An International Journal of Akdeniz University Tourism Faculty, Vol. 9 (4): http://ahtrjournal.org/admin/dosyalar/11/1-manuscript.pdf
  84. Eurofound. (2018). Burnout in the workplace: A review of data and policy responses in the EU, Publications Office of the. https://euagenda.eu/upload/publications/untitled-178342-ea.pdf
  85. Friedman, R. (2014). Regular Exercise Is Part of Your Job. Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2014/10/regular-exercise-is-part-of-your-job
  86. Fritscher, L. (2020). What Is Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder (DPDR)? Very Well Mind: Psychology: https://www.verywellmind.com/derealization-2671582.
  87. Fonseca, J. R. (2019). The Relationship Between Exercise and Mental Health: A Longitudinal Study of College Students. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 14(2), 457–473.
  88. Gaitan, , P. E. (2009). Teacher burnout factors as predictors of adherence to behavioral intervention. The University of Minnesota Digital Conservancy: https://hdl.handle.net/11299/58332.
  89. García-Rivera, B., Olguín-Tiznado, J., Aranibar, M., Ramírez-Barón, M., Camargo-Wilson, C., López-Barreras, J., & García-Alcaraz, J. (2020). Burnout Syndrome in Police Officers and Its Relationship with Physical and Leisure Activities. Int J Environ Res Public Health: https://doi:10.3390/ijerph17155586
  90. Garton, E. (2017). Employee Burnout Is a Problem with the Company, Not the Person. Harvard Business Review: https://hbr.org/2017/04/employee-burnout-is-a-problem-with-the-company-not-the-person
  91. Ginns, P., Martin, A. J., Durksen,, T. L., Burns, E. C., & Pope , A. (2018). Personal Best (PB) goal-setting enhances arithmetical problem-solving. Aust. Educ. Res. 45, 533–551: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-018-0268-9
  92. González-Morales, M. G., Peiró, J. M., & Rodríguez, I. (2019). Relationships among job insecurity, well-being, and job performance in Spanish teachers: A moderated mediation model. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, 559.
  93. Grasdalsmoen, M., Eriksen, H., Lønning, K., & Sivertsen, B. (2020). Physical exercise, mental health problems, and suicide attempts in university students. BMC Psychiatry: https://bmcpsychiatry.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12888-020-02583-3
  94. Gu, X., Li, C., Li, X., Zhang, J., Wang, Z., & Zhang, S. (2022). Goal content, self-determined motivation and attitude towards physical activity among Chinese college students. BMC Public Health, 22, 187. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-021-12385-7
  95. Guo, J., Li, Y., Shao, Y., & Wang, X. (2018). Investigating teacher burnout and its related factors in China. Psychology Research and Behavior Management, 11, 99-108.
  96. Guo, J., Sun, J., & Guo, L. (2018). The relationship between teacher burnout and personal accomplishment among teachers: A meta-analysis. Psychological Development and Education, 34(6), 718-727.
  97. Guo, X., Xu, H., & Wang, S. (2015). Teacher burnout and its relationship with       personal accomplishment, social support, and positive affect among      Chinese teachers. SpringerPlus, 4(1), 1-10. 
  98. Gustafsson, H., Hassmén, P., & Podlog, L. (2017). Exploring the process of how need satisfaction influences burnout and engagement in competitive        athletes. International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 15(5),   497-512.
  99. Halvari, A. E., Halvari, H., & Williams, G. C. (2017). Motivation, burnout, and         engagement among teachers: A person-centered perspective. Teaching and Teacher Education, 66, 370-379.
  100. Hamer, M., & Stamatakis, E. (2014). Physical activity and risk of cardiovascular    disease events: Inflammatory and metabolic mechanisms. Medical Science             Monitor, 20, 1479–1487. 
  101. Harmsen , R., Helms-Lorenz, M., Maulana, R., & van Veen , K. (2018). The relationship between beginning teachers’ stress causes, stress responses, teaching behaviour and attrition.Teachers and Teaching: Theory and Practice, Vol 24, Is. 6: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/13540602.2018.1465404
  102. Harris, M. (2018). The relationship between physical inactivity and mental wellbeing: Findings from a gamification-based community-wide physical activity intervention. Health Psychol Openv.5(1); Jan-Jun 2018: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5774736/
  103. Healthline Editorial Staff. (2000). Emotional Symptoms. Healthgrades: Meantal Health and Behavior: https://www.healthgrades.com/right-care/mental-health-and-behavior/emotional-symptoms
  104. Heerkens, Y., Kuijer, W., van der Heijden, B., & Engels, J. (2018). Effects of Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction on employees’ mental health: A systematic review. Plos One: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0191332
  105. Heinemann, L. V., & Heinemann , T. (2017). Burnout Research: Emergence and Scientific Investigation of a Contested Diagnosis. SAGE Open, Vol 7, Issue 1: https://doi.org/10.1177/2158244017697154
  106. Hillman, C. H., Pontifex, M. B., Raine, L. B., Castelli, D. M., Hall, E. E., & Kramer,             A. F. (2017). The effect of acute treadmill walking on cognitive control and     academic achievement in preadolescent children. Neuroscience, 159, 104-        114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.08.010
  107. Hoare, E., Stavreski, B., Jennings, G. L., & Kingwell, B. A. (2017). Exploring Motivation and Barriers to Physical Activity among Active and Inactive Australian Adults. Sport (Basel): https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5968958/
  108. Holt, B. W., Lambourne, K., & Greene, D. A. (2015). The impact of stretching on hamstring flexibility in female collegiate athletes. International Journal of Exercise Science, 8(3), 210-219.
  109. Hong S. (2019). Effects of Physical Activity Interventions on Body Composition in Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Exerc Rehabil, 15(6):754-761.
  110. Houkes, I., Winants, Y., Twellaar, M., & Verdonk , P. (2011). Development of burnout over time and the causal order of the three dimensions of burnout among male and female GPs. A three-wave panel study. BMC Public Health: https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-240
  111. Hrikova, M., Nezkosilova, J., & Raczova, B. (2020). Perceived Stress and Burnout: The Mediating Role of Psychological, Professional Self-Care and Job Satisfaction as Preventive Factors in Helping Professions. European Journal of Mental Health 15 (2020) 3–22: https://semmelweis.hu/ejmh/files/2020/06/ejmh_2020_1_hricova_et_al_3_22.pdf
  112. Hsieh, C. H., & Walsh, E. J. (2017). Teacher-student relationship at the crossroads: Conflict and affiliation in interactions based on culture and language. Journal of Language, Identity, and Education, 16(5). 309-323. 
  113. Hughes, J. N., & Kwok, O. (2019). Teacher-student support, effortful engagement, and student achievement: A latent interaction model. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(3), 472-487.
  114. Hughes, J. N., Wu, J. Y., & Kwok, O. (2019). Teacher support and collaboration mediate the association between classroom instructional climate and student academic engagement in elementary school. Journal of School Psychology, 77, 36-50.
  115. Hull, M. (2020). Depersonalization-Derealization Disorder Statistics. The Recovery Village: https://bit.ly/30j8xY9
  116. Hunt, K., & Metzler, M (2017). Adoption of comprehensive school physical activity programs: A literature review. Physical Educator, 74(2), 315. 
  117. Hynynen, S. T. (2020). Motives for exercise and associations with physical activity in Finnish young adults. Medicine and Science in Sports and Exercise, 52(5), 1123-1131. 
  118. Jennings, P. A., & Greenberg, M. T. (2013). The prosocial classroom: Teacher social and emotional competence in relation to student and classroom outcomes. Review of Educational Research, 83(4), 491-525.
  119. Johnson, C., Doe, M., Smith, A., & Anderson, A. (2020). Burnout and Physical Activity Levels: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(2), 194-203. 
  120. Johnson, L. E., Sinclair, C. D., & Martin, R. (2019). Teacher perceptions of classroom-based physical activity breaks. Journal of Physical Education, Recreation & Dance, 90(2), 47-53.
  121. Juster, R. P., Sindi, S., & Lupien, S. J. (2018). Allostatic load biomarkers of chronic stress and impact on health and cognition. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 92, 292-300.
  122. Kabir, S. (2016). Methods of Data Collection. Research Gate: https://bit.ly/3GCWRPi
  123. Kekäläinen, T., Kokko, S., Sääkslahti, A., & Poskiparta, M. (2019). Enjoyment and motivational determinants of adolescent girls' physical activity: A 12-month follow-up study. Scandinavian Journal of Medicine & Science in Sports, 29(5), 686-695.
  124. Kamada, M., Kitayuguchi, J., Abe, T., Taguri, M., Inoue, S., Ishikawa, Y., . . . Miyachi , M. (2015). Community-wide promotion of physical activity in middle-aged and older Japanese: a 3-year evaluation of a cluster randomized trial. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity: https://ijbnpa.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12966-015-0242-0
  125. Kassow, M. S., Vogt, L., Abel, C., Kaiser , J., Zink, N., Mock, J., & Christian, T. (2014). Treadmill walking during vocabulary encoding improves verbal long-term memory. Behavioral and Brain Functions: https://doi: 10.1186/1744-9081-10-24.
  126. Kaushal, N., & Rhodes, R. E. (2017). The role of physical activity enjoyment in the pathways from psychological need satisfaction to physical activity behavior. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9(3), 310-329.
  127. Keating, X. D., Guan, J., Pinero, J. C., & Bridges, D. M. (2017). A meta-analysis of           college students' physical activity behaviors. Journal of American College      Health, 65(4), 296-318. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2017.1287839
  128. Klaperski, S., Seelig, H., & Fuchs, R. (2018). Effects of an aerobic exercise           intervention and mindfulness-based stress reduction on psychological well-  being in teachers: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of Occupational          Health Psychology, 23(3), 381-397. 
  129. Klassen, R. M., & Chiu, M. M. (2016). Effects on teachers' self-efficacy and job     satisfaction: Teacher gender, years of experience, and job stress. Journal            of Educational Psychology, 108(6), 788-799.             https://DOI:10.1037/a0019237
  130. Klassen, R. M., Perry, N. E., & Frenzel, A. C. (2012). Teachers' relatedness with students: An underemphasized component of teachers' basic psychological        needs. Journal of Educational Psychology, 104(1), 150–    165. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0026253.
  131. Kleppang, A. L. (2018). Health Benefits of Physical Activity Related to an Urban   Riverside Regeneration. International Journal of Environmental Research      and Public Health, 15(11), 2440.
  132. Klusmann, U., Kunter, M., & Baumert, J. (2016). Teachers' occupational well-being          and quality of instruction: The important role of self-regulatory patterns.    Journal of Educational Psychology, 108(6), 815-834.     https://DOI:10.1037/0022-0663.100.3.702
  133. Khan, T. (2012). A study of Burnout among Faculty at Fullerton College. Pepperdine University. ProQuest Dissertations Publishing, 2012: https://bit.ly/31PPMfE 
  134. Knudsen, H. K., Ducharme, L. J., & Roman, P. M. (2018). Turnover intentions and emotional exhaustion in human service occupations: The protective role of perceived organizational support. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 45(1), 88-99. https://DOI:10.1080/02732170701675268
  135. Kocaekşi, S. (2016). The Evaluation of Burnout Levels of Sports Sciences Faculty Students. Academic Journals, Vol. 11(4), pp. 120-124: DOI: 10.5897/ERR2015.2600. 
  136. Kosma, M., Cardinal, B. J., & McCubbin, J. A. (2017). Teacher attitudes toward physical education affect state mandated physical education policy. Research Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 88(2), 214-225.
  137. Kredlow, M. A., Capozzoli, M. C., Hearon, B. A., Calkins, A. W., & Otto, M. W. (2015). The effects of physical activity on sleep: a meta-analytic review. Journal of Behavioral Medicine, 38(3), 427-449. https://DOI: 10.1007/s10865-015-9617-6
  138. Kubota, A., Matsushita, M., Smith, B. J., Sugiyama, T., & Arao , A. (2019). The impact of a new exercise facility on physical activity at the community level: a non-randomized panel study in Japan. BMC Public Health: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12889-019-7146-x.
  139. Kucubis, M. G., & Gul, R. (2019). The role of self-esteem in the relationship between physical activity and attitude towards physical activity in university students. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies, 6(3), 1-12.
  140. Kwan, B. M., Bryan, A., & Sheppard, V. B. (2017). A community-based exercise   and support group program improves quality of life in African-American   breast cancer survivors: A quantitative and qualitative analysis.             International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 14(1), 1-            13.
  141. Kucukibis, H., & Gul, M. (2019). The Relationship between Attitudes towards Physical Activity and Self-Esteem of High School Students. Asian Journal of Education and Training, Vol. 5, No. 1: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1202233.pdf
  142. Kuntz, J. R., Boyle, K. A., & Belton, B. (2018). Burnout in special education: Examining the roles of optimism, self-efficacy, and emotional exhaustion. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 26(4), 213-223. 
  143. Kyriacou, C. (2015). Teacher stress and burnout: An international review. Educational Research, 57(1), 1-21.
  144. Kyriacou, C., & Sutcliffe, J. (2017). Teacher stress intervention: Examining the effectiveness of cognitive-behavioral interventions on teacher burnout. Educational Psychology, 37(8), 964-980.
  145. Lachman, M. E., Lipsitz, L., Lubben, J., & Castaneda-Sceppa, C. (2018). When Adults Don’t Exercise: Behavioral Strategies to Increase Physical Activity in Sedentary Middle-Aged and Older Adults. ResearchGate: https://bit.ly/3dGR7rp
  146. Lagyap, C. M., Bulalacao, Jr., F. B., Mabazza, M. B., & Grecia, J.-a. G. (2017). Physical Educartion and Health Learner's Material, First Edition. Philippines: Department of Education. 
  147. Lee, J. E., Pope, Z. C., & Gao, Z. (2014). The role of physical education teachers in promoting physical activity. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 33(4), 418-431.
  148. Lee, I. M., Shiroma, E. J., Lobelo, F., Puska, P., Blair, S. N., & Katzmarzyk, P. T. (2019). Effect of physical inactivity on major non-communicable diseases worldwide: An analysis of burden of disease and life expectancy. The Lancet, 380(9838), 219-229.
  149. Leiter, M. P., & Maslach, C. (2016). Latent burnout profiles: A new approach to understanding the burnout experience. Burnout Research, 3(4), 89-100. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.burn.2016.09.001
  150. Leonard, J. (2018). How to recognize and cope with emotional exhaustion. Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/323441.
  151. Li, J. (2018). Exploring the relationships among teacher burnout, teacher efficacy, and job satisfaction. Teaching and Teacher Education, 69, 242-250.
  152. Liem, G. D., Ginns, P., Martin, A. J., Stone, B., & Herrett, M. (2012). Personal best goals and academic and social functioning: A longitudinal perspective. Reseafch Gate: DOI:10.1016/j.learninstruc.2011.11.003
  153. Liu, J., Bennett, E., & Liu, J. (2017). A systematic review of the relationship           between physical activity and enjoyment. Journal of Science and Medicine     in Sport, 20(6), 565-571. 
  154. Lonsdale, C., Hall, A. M., & Sanders, T. (2013). The potential of teachers' attitudes           towards physical education to enhance children's physical activity. Journal    of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 35(4), 424-439. 
  155. Lonsdale, C., Rosenkranz, R. R., Peralta, L. R., Bennie, A., Fahey, P., & Lubans,             D. R. (2015). A systematic review and meta-analysis of interventions           designed to increase moderate-to-vigorous physical activity in school       physical education lessons. Preventive Medicine, 77, 152-161.
  156. Lopez-Garrido, G. (2020). Self-Efficacy Theory. Simply Psychology: https://www.simplypsychology.org/self-efficacy.html
  157. Luszczynska, A., Sutton, S., & van den Putte, B. (2017). Social cognitive theory:   Predicting physical activity in individuals with chronic health conditions. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being, 9(1), 30-51. 
  158. Lutz, R. S., Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Bartholomew, J. B. (2020). Exercise-     induced feeling states and their associations with exercise behavior over          the course of 12 months. Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology, 42(2),      126-137.
  159. Lynch, M. (2016). Ask An Expert: The Effects of Teacher Burnout. The Advocate: https://www.theedadvocate.org/ask-dr-lynch-the-effects-of-teacher-burnout/
  160. Malm, C., Jakobsson, J., & Isaksson, A. (2019). Physical Activity and Sports—Real Health Benefits: A Review with Insight into the Public Health of Sweden. Basel. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6572041/.
  161. Mäkikangas, A., Feldt, T., Kinnunen, U., Tolvanen, A., Kinnunen, M. L., Pulkkinen, L., & Kokko, K. (2016). Does self-esteem predict burnout across cultures? A meta-analysis. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 21(4), 481-498. 
  162. Mammen, G., & Faulkner, G. (2013). Physical activity and the prevention of depression: A systematic review of prospective studies. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 45(5), 649-657.
  163. Marcus, B. H., Forsyth, L. H., Stone, E. J., Dubbert, P. M., McKenzie, T. L., Dunn, A. L., & Blair, S. N. (2000). Physical activity behavior change: Issues in adoption and maintenance. American Psychological Association: https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2000-13545-003
  164. Marin, J. M., Abril, J. P., Demarzo, M., Gascon, S., & Campayo, J. G. (2014). Coping with Stress and Types of Burnout: Explanatory Power of Different Coping Strategies. Plos One. Vol 9: https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0089090
  165. Martinez-Lopez, E. J., Garcia-Solano, M. J., & Fernández-Sogorb, A. (2019). Physical activity, job satisfaction, and work engagement among teachers in Spain. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(2), 292.
  166. Martynoga, B. (2016). How physical exercise makes your brain work better. The Guardian: https://bit.ly/3lZ9X1r
  167. Maslach , C., & Leiter , M. (2016). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry.: https://doi: 10.1002/wps.20311
  168. Maslach, C., & Leiter , M. P. (2015). Understanding the burnout experience: recent research and its implications for psychiatry. World Psychiatry: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4911781/.  
  169. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2016). Job burnout. Annual Review of Psychology, 52(1), 397-422.
  170. Maslach, C., Schaufeli, W. B., & Leiter, M. P. (2017). Burnout: The Cost of Caring.           Current Directions in Psychological Science, 16(5), 281-285.
  171. Matta, C. (2021). 5 Signs of Emotional Exhaustion at Work. Southwest Alabama Behavioral Health Care System: https://www.swamh.com/poc/view_doc.php?type=doc&id=56570&cn=207
  172. Maxwell, M. (2019). 5 Skill Related Components of Physical Fitness. Livestrong.com: https://bit.ly/3dKupyI
  173. McAuley, E., Szabo, A., Gothe, N., & Olson, E. (2011). Seld-Efficacy:Implications for Physicall Activity, Function, and Functional Limitations in Older Adults. Am J Lifestyle Med.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3864698/#R28
  174. McKinney, J., Lithwick, D. J., Morrison, B. N., Nazzari, H., Isserow, S. H., Heilbron, B., & Krahn, A. D. (2016). The health benefits of physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness. BC Medical Journal: https://bit.ly/3IIe1Ny
  175. Medford, N., Sierra, M., Stringaris, A., Giampietro, V., Brammer, M. J., & David, A. S. (2016). Emotional Experience and Awareness of Self: Functional MRI Studies of Depersonalization Disorder. Frontiers in Psychology: https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2016.00432/full
  176. Mekari, S., Zouhal, H., Ahmaidi, S., Lapierre, M., Fulop, T., & Dauvilliers, Y. (2018).         The effects of acute exercise on memory and brain-derived neurotrophic            factor (BDNF) levels in college-aged adults. Psychology of Sport and        Exercise, 37, 106-110. https://doi: 10.1016/j.psychsport.2018.04.008
  177. Michal, M., Adler, J., Wiltink, J., Reiner, I., Tschan, R., Wölfling, K., Zwerenz , R. (2016). A case series of 223 patients with depersonalization-derealization syndrome. BMC Psychiatry: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27349226/
  178. Mikaelsson, K., Rutberg, S., Linqvist, A.-K., & Michaelson, P. (2020). Physically inactive adolescents’ experiences of. Physically inactive adolescents’ experiences of: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/21679169.2019.1567808  
  179. Mikkelsen, K., Stojanovska, L., Polenakovic, M., Bosevski, M., & Apostolopoulos, V. (2017). Exercise and mental health. Maturitas, 106, 48–56. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.maturitas
  180. Montero-Marin, J., Tops, M., Manzanera, R., Piva Demarzo, M. M., Álvarez de Mon, M., García-Campayo, J., & Vazquez, C. (2019). Mindfulness, resilience, and burnout subtypes in primary care physicians: The possible mediating role of positive and negative affect. Frontiers in Psychology. https://doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2015.01895
  181. Moore SC, Lee IM, Weiderpass E, Campbell PT, Sampson JN, Kitahara CM, Keadle SK, Arem H, Berrington de Gonzalez A, Hartge P, Adami HO, Blair CK, Borch KB, Boyd E, Check DP, Fournier A, Freedman ND, Gunter M, Johannson M, Khaw KT, Linet MS, Orsini N, Park Y, Riboli E, Robien K, Schairer C., Sesso H, Spriggs M, Van Dusen R, Wolk A, Matthews CE, Patel AV. (2016). Association of Leisure-Time Physical Activity With Risk of 26 Types of Cancer in 1.44 Million Adults. JAMA Intern Med.176(6):816-25. https://doi: 10.1001/jamainternmed.2016.1548.  
  182. Morgan, P. J., Hansen, V., & Rudolfsson, L. (2013). Teacher attitudes towards physical education at primary school: A comparative study. Physical Education and Sport Pedagogy, 18(4), 392-411.
  183. Mullen, S. P., Olson, E. A., Phillips, S. M., Szabo, A. N., Wójcicki, T. R., & Mailey, E. L. (2018). Measuring enjoyment of physical activity in older adults: Invariance of the Physical Activity Enjoyment Scale (PACES) across groups and time. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 15(1), 4. https://doi: 10.1186/s12966-017-0638-2.
  184. Naczenski, L. M., Vries, J. D., Hooff, M. L. M. V., & Kompier, M. A. J. (2017). Systematic review of the association between physical activity and burnout. Journal of occupational health, 59(6), 477–494. https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.17-0050-RA  
  185. Naylor, P. J., Nettlefold, L., Race, D., Hoy, C., Ashe, M. C., Wharf Higgins, J., ... & McKay, H. A. (2015). Implementation of school based physical activity interventions: a systematic review. Preventive Medicine, 72, 95-115.
  186. Netz, Y. (2019). Is the Comparison between Exercise and Pharmacologic Treatment of Depression in the Clinical Practice Guideline of the American College of Physicians Evidence-Based? Frontiers in Psychiatry, 10, 567. https://DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2017.00257
  187. Nina, K. F., Ramos, E. S., Ramos, M. H., Silva, S. d., Fernandez, A. d., & Pontes, F. R. (2015). Sources of Self-Efficacy in Teachers. Revista de Psicología, vol. 25, no. 1, pp. 1-20, 2016: https://doi.org/10.5354/0719-0581.2016.42685
  188. Ningthoujam, R. (2015). Understanding of Body Composition: A Fundamental Concept. Research Gate: https://DOI:10.13140/RG.2.1.2084.6160
  189. Nuri, C., Demirok, M., & Direktör, C. (2017). Determination of Self-efficacy and Burnout State of Teachers Working in the Special Education Field in Terms of Different Variables. Journal of Education and Training Studies, Vol. 5, No. 3: http://jets.redfame.com
  190. O'Dougherty, M., Hearon, B. A., Calkins, A. W., Douglas, K. M., Björgvinsson, T., & Otto, M. W. (2020). Positive Affect and the Role of Appraisals in the Association Between Physical Activity and Well-Being. Behavior Therapy, 51(4), 621-631. 
  191. Oberle, E., & Schonert-Reichl, K. A. (2016). Stress contagion in the classroom? The link between classroom teacher burnout and morning cortisol in elementary school students. Social Science & Medicine, 159, 30-37. https://DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2016.04.031
  192. Ohuruogu, B. (2016). The Contributions of Physical Activity and Fitness to Optimal Health and Wellness. Journal of Education and Practice, Vol.7, No.20: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1109161.pdf.
  193. Owen, N., Healy, G. N., Matthews, C. E., & Dunstan, D. W. (2017). Too much sitting: The population health science of sedentary behavior. Exercise and Sport Sciences Reviews, 38(3), 105-113.
  194. Palinkas, L. A., Horwitz, S. M., Green, C. A., Wisdom, J. P., Duan, N., & Hoagwood, K. (2015). Purposeful sampling for qualitative data collection and analysis in mixed method implementation research. Administration and Policy in Mental Health and Mental Health Services Research, 42(5), 533–544.
  195. Panchal , N., Kamal , R., Cox, C., & Garfield , R. (2021). The Implications of COVID-19 for Mental Health and Substance Use. Coronavirus (COVID-19): https://bit.ly/3lTpobu   
  196. Pascoe, M. C., & Parker, A. G. (2019). Physical Activity and Exercise as a Universal Depression Prevention in Young People: A Narrative Review. Early Intervention in Psychiatry, 13(4), 733–739. 
  197. Pate, R. R., Ward, D. S., Saunders, R. P., Felton, G., Dishman, R. K., & Dowda, M. (2017). Promotion of physical activity among high-school girls: A randomized controlled trial. American Journal of Public Health, 107(6), 947-953.
  198. Peluso, M. A., & Andrade, L. H. (2015). Physical activity and mental health: The association between exercise and mood. Clinics, 70(10), 731-738. https://doi:10.6061/clinics/2015(10)07
  199. Philippine Statistics Authority. (2021). Causes of Deaths in the Philippines (Preliminary): January to June 2021. Philippine Statisics Authority: https://psa.gov.ph/content/causes-deaths-philippines-preliminary-january-june-2021
  200. Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Clarke , A., & Smith, W. S. (2012). Physical activity attitudes, intentions and behaviour among 18–25 year olds: A mixed method study. BMC Public Health, 640 (2012) : https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-640
  201. Poobalan, A. S., Aucott, L. S., Clarke, A., & Smith , W. S. (2010). Physical activity attitudes, intentions and behaviour among 18–25 year olds: A mixed method study. BMC Public Health: https://bmcpublichealth.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1471-2458-12-640
  202. Prajogo, W. (2019). The relationship among emotional exhaustion, job satisfaction, performance, and intention to leave. Advances in Management & Applied Economics, vol. 9, no. 1, 2019, 21-29, 1792-7552, Scienpress Ltd: http://www.scienpress.com/Upload/AMAE%2fVol%209_1_2.pdf
  203. Rankin, J. G. (2016). The Teacher Burnout Epidemic, Part 1 of 2: How prevalent is burnout in the teaching profession? Psychology Today: https://bit.ly/3GHqLCh
  204. Rathod , K. (2021). Your Guide To Understanding The Different Components Of Physical Fitness. Femina: https://www.femina.in/wellness/fitness/components-of-physical-fitness-183555.html
  205. Ratini, M. (2020). Exercise and mental health: What to know. WebMD. https://www.webmd.com/mental-health/exercise-mental-health#1
  206. Rebar AL, Stanton R, Geard D, Short C, Duncan MJ, Vandelanotte C. (2015). A   meta-meta-analysis of the effect of physical activity on depression and anxiety in non-clinical adult populations. Health Psychol Rev.9(3):366-78.         https://doi: 10.1080/17437199.2015.1022901.
  207. Reinke, W.M., Herman, K.C., & Stormont, M. (2016) Classroom-level factors contributing to teachers’ stress. Managing and Supporting Behavior through Intervention: Strategies for classroom teachers. 147-162.
  208. Rezende, L., Sá , T., Mielke , G., Viscondi, J., Rey-López, J., & Garcia, L. (2016). All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Sitting Time: Analysis of 54 Countries Worldwide. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/27017420/.
  209. Rhodes, R. E., Liu, S., Lithopoulos, A., & Zhang, C. Q. (2019). Correlates of leisure-time sedentary behavior in Canadian adults: Findings from a national cross-sectional study. Canadian Journal of Public Health, 110(5), 634-642. https://doi.org/10.17269/s41997-019-00233-1
  210. Rhodes, R. E., & Yao, C. A. (2015). Models accounting for intention-behavior discordance in the physical activity domain: A user's guide, content         overview, and review of current evidence. International Journal of         Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 12(1), 1-12. 
  211. Rizo-Baeza, M. M., Meroño, L. I. M., Tomás-Sábado, J., & Moreno-Casbas, M. T. (2019). Relationship between exercise attitudes and physical fitness in    people over 65 years old. Geriatric Nursing, 40(1), 57-62.
  212. Roig, M., Nordbrandt, S., Geertsen, S. S., & Nielsen, J. B. (2016). The effects of cardiovascular exercise on human memory: A review with meta-analysis. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 37, 1645-1666. https://doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2013.06.012
  213. Roorda, D. L., Koomen, H. M. Y., Spilt, J. L., & Oort, F. J. (2011). The Influence of Affective Teacher–Student Relationships on Students’ School Engagement       and Achievement: A Meta-Analytic Approach. Review of Educational     Research, 81(4), 493–529. https://doi.org/10.3102/0034654311421793
  214. Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2017). Self-determination theory: Basic psychological needs in motivation, development, and wellness. The Guilford Press.      https://doi.org/10.1521/978.14625/28806
  215. Sabiston, C. M., O'Loughlin, E., Brunet, J., Chaiton, M., Low, N. C., Barnett, T., & O'Loughlin, J. (2015). Linking girls' psychological and physiological            functioning at physical activity cessation. Health Psychology, 34(10), 1011-      1020.
  216. Sacli Uzunoz, F., Dinc, S., & Gunes, B. (2018). 5th International Conference of Physical Education and Sports Science. Proccedings: https://icpess208.nevsehir.edu.tr
  217. Salanova, M., Schaufeli, W. B., & Martínez, I. M. (2019). Job demands, job resources, burnout, work engagement, and their relationships: An analysis     across sectors. Journal of Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 11(3),      543-555.
  218. Salmela-Aro, K., Upayada, K., & Hakkarainen, K. (2015). Autonomy support, learning engagement, and student well-being: Exploring the interplay    between the social and pedagogical aspects of autonomy. Learning and   Instruction, 36. 1-10. 
  219. Sarkin, A. J., McKenzie, M., Williams, T. M., & Pakenham, K. I. (2018).      Associations between physical activity attitudes and physical fitness in         people with spinal cord injury. Spinal Cord, 56(7), 681-689. https://doi:       10.1038/s41393-018-0094-5.  
  220. Sattelmair, J., Pertman, J., Ding, E. L., Kohl, H. W., Haskell, W., & Lee, I. M. (2011). Dose response between physical activity and risk of coronary heart disease: a meta-analysis. Circulation. https://doi:10.1161/CIRCULATIONAHA.110.010710.
  221. Schaufeli, W. B. (2019). Take care! The evaluation of a team-based burnout intervention program for oncology care providers. Journal of Applied Psychology, 104(6), 805-824.
  222. Schonfeld, I., Bianchi, R., & Palazzi, S. (2018). What is the difference between depression and burnout? An ongoing debate. Riv. Psychiatry: httsps://doi:10.1708/2954.29699.
  223. Schoenfeld B.J, Ogborn, D., & Krieger, J.W. (2016). Effects of Resistance Training Frequency on Measures of Muscle Hypertrophy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Sports Med. https://doi: 10.1007/s40279-016-0543-8
  224. Schuch, F. B., Vancampfort, D., Richards, J., Rosenbaum, S., Ward, P. B., & Stubbs, B. (2016). Exercise as a treatment for depression: A meta-analysis adjusting for publication bias. Journal of Psychiatric Research. https://doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2016.02.023.
  225. Schutzer, K. A., & Graves, B. S. (2017). Barriers and motivations to exercise in older adults. Preventive Medicine, 105, 98-105.
  226. Scott, J. R. (2021). Health and Fitness Benefits of Flexibility Training. Very Well Fit: https://www.verywellfit.com/flexibility-definition-and-examples-3496108
  227. Silva, R. B. T., Meneguci, J., Sasaki, J. E., Santos, M. D., Tribess, S., & Virtuoso Jr, J. S. (2018). Physical activity, resilience, and the metabolic profile in community-dwelling older adults. Journal of Aging and Physical Activity, 26(1), 102-107.
  228. Silva, L. B., Seguro, C. S., de Oliveira, C. A., Paulo Otávio, S. S., de Oliveira, J. M., de Souza Filho, L. M., Rebelo, A. S. (2020). Physical Inactivity Is Associated With Increased Levels of Anxiety, Depression, and Stress in Brazilians During the COVID-19 Pandemic: A Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Psychiatry: https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.565291
  229. Simeon, D., Knutelska, M., Nelson, D., Guralnik, O., & Schmeidler, J. (2008). Feeling Unreal: A PET Study of Depersonalization Disorder. Psychiatry Research: Neuroimaging, 162(3), 219-228.
  230. Sissons, B. (2021). The best way to train to improve muscular endurance. Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/muscular-endurance  
  231. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2018). Job demands, job resources, and teacher motivation: A person-centered approach. Teaching and Teacher Education. https://DOI:10.1007/s11218-018-9464-8
  232. Skaalvik, E.M., Skaalvik, S. (2018). Job demands and job resources as predictors of teacher motivation and well-being. Soc Psychol Educ 21, 1251–1275. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-018-9464-
  233. Smiley, A. (2020). Why School Wellness Isn’t Just for Kids: Many Teachers are Stressed and Depressed. Occupational Health and Safety: https://bit.ly/3lY9lt0
  234. Smith, A. B., Johnson, L. K., Smith, L. E., & Johnson, V. A. (2017). Teacher burnout: Important criteria for a new measure. Journal of Educational            Psychology, 109(1), 120-137 
  235. Smith, L., Jacob, L., Trott, M., Barnett, Y., López-Sánchez, G. F., Butler, L., Yakkundi, A., McDermott, D., Meyer, M., Lopez-Bueno, R., Schuch, F.,      Bradley, D., Tully. M. A. &      Pfeifer, K. (2018). The association between          screen time and mental health           during COVID-19: A cross-sectional              study. Psychiatry Research. https://doi: 10.1016/j.psychres.2020.113333 
  236. Sonnentag, S., Kuttler, I., & Fritz, C. (2017). Job stressors, emotional exhaustion, and need for recovery: A multi-source study on the benefits of psychological detachment. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 100, 87-101.
  237. Spiegel, D. (2021). Depersonalization/Derealization Disorder. MSD Manual Professional Version:             https://msdmnls.co/3EZYTZi
  238. Stanton, R., Reaburn, P., & Happell, B. (2018). Investigating the exercise–mental health relationship in a randomized controlled trial of yoga with psychiatric inpatients. Nursing Open, 5(1), 57-62.
  239. Stillman, C. M., et al. (2016). Exercise increases BDNF and hippocampal neurogenesis in aged mice. Frontiers in Aging Neuroscience, 8, 71. https://doi:10.3389/fnagi.2016.00071
  240. Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A. (2017). The Effects of Stress on Physical Activity and Exercise. Sports Medicine, 44(1): 81–121.: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3894304/
  241. Stults-Kolehmainen, M. A., & Sinha, R. (2015). The Effects of Stress on Physical Activity and Exercise. Sports Med: https://DOI 10.1007/s40279-013-0090-5
  242. Subramaniam, R., & Mercier, K. (2017, December). Attitudes Matter in Physical Education. Research Gate: https://bit.ly/3GG0fcp
  243. Sun Star Pampanga. (2017). Fitness Among Teachers. Pressreader: https://www.pressreader.com/philippines/sunstar-pampanga/20170330/281651074944031
  244. Sweet, T. W., Foster, C., & McGuigan, M. R. (2017). The effects of personalized goal setting on performance in collegiate athletes. Journal of Strength and Conditioning Research, 31(7), 1811-1816.
  245. Swift, D. L., Johannsen, N. M., Lavie, C. J., Earnest, C. P., & Church, T. S. (2018). The role of exercise and physical activity in weight loss and maintenance. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 61(2), 206-213. https://doi: 10.1016/j.pcad.2018.07.014
  246. Taherdoost, H. (2016). Sampling Methods in Research Methodology; How to Choose a Sampling Technique for Research. International Journal of Academic Research in Management (IJARM): https://hal.archives-ouvertes.fr/hal-02546796/document
  247. Taylor, C. S., & Tashakkori, A. (2015). Contemporary issues in educational research: Contributions from psychology and beyond. IAP.
  248. Teles, R., Valle, A., Rodríguez, S., Piñeiro , I., & Regueiro, B. (2020). Perceived Stress and Indicators of Burnout in Teachers at Portuguese Higher Education Institutions (HEI). International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC7246578/  
  249. Teixeira, P. J., Carraça, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2017). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 9(1), 78. https://doi.org/10.1186/1479-5868-9-78
  250. Teixeira, P. J., Carraca, E. V., Markland, D., Silva, M. N., & Ryan, R. M. (2019). Exercise, physical activity, and self-determination theory: A systematic review. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity, 16(1), 1-14.
  251. Thakur, I. (2018). Relationship between Workload and Burnout of Special Education Teachers. Pakistan Journal of Distance & Online Learning Volume: IV, Issue I: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1267092.pdf
  252. Thivel, D., Tremblay, A., Genin, P. M., Panahi, S., Rivière, D., & Duclos, M. (2018). Physical Activity, Inactivity, and Sedentary Behaviors: Definitions and Implications in Occupational Health. PubMed: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/30345266/  
  253. Travers, C. J., Cooper, C. L., & Jones, C. M. (2016). Promoting emotional health and well-being in schools: Interventions and innovations. Springer. 
  254. Troiano, R. P., Berrigan, D., Dodd, K. W., Mâsse, L. C., Tilert, T., & McDowell, M. (2014). Physical activity in the United States measured by accelerometer. Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise, 40(1), 181-188.
  255. Tsai, C. L., Pan, C. Y., & Chen, F. C. (2016). The impacts of physical activity intervention on physical and cognitive outcomes in children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 20(7), 819-830. doi:10.1177/1362361315597642
  256. Tugsbaatar, U. (2021). Albert Bandura: Self-Efficacy for Agentic Positive Psychology. Positive Psychology: https://positivepsychology.com/bandura-self-efficacy/
  257. United Nations. (2020). The impact of COVID-19 on sport, physical activity and well-being and its effects on social development. United Nations: https://www.un.org/development/desa/dspd/2020/05/covid-19-sport/
  258. van Dam, A. (2021). A clinical perspective on burnout: diagnosis,. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology: https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/pdf/10.1080/1359432X.2021.1948400?needAccess=true.  
  259. Van Droogenbroeck, F., et al. (2016). Job demands-resources predicting burnout and work engagement among Belgian home health care nurses: A cross-sectional study. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 384-399.
  260. Villines, Z. (2020). Symptoms of mental exhaustion and tips to alleviate it. Medical News Today: https://www.medicalnewstoday.com/articles/mentally-exhausted. 
  261. Viray, P.L. (2019). Filipino teens among worst in the world for physical activity. Philstar.com. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2019/11/22/1970951/filipino-teens-among-worst-world-physical-activity
  262. Wang, W., Fan, T., & Li, X. (2019). Experimental Analysis On Mental and Physical           Impacts of Physical Activities Among College Sstudents. Revista Argentina       de Clínica Psicológica, 2020, Vol. XXIX:             https://bit.ly/31TyRIT
  263. Warburton, D. E., Bredin, S. S., Charlesworth, S. A., Foulds, H. J., McKenzie, D. C., & Shephard, R. J. (2016). The 2018 Physical Activity Readiness          Questionnaire for Everyone (PAR-Q+). British Journal of Sports Medicine,         52(13), 833-834. https://doi.org/10.14288/hfjc.v4i2.103
  264. Weaver II, E. A., & Doyle, H. (2019). How Does Exercise Affect the Brain? Dana Foundation: https://www.dana.org/article/how-does-exercise-affect-the-brain/
  265. Weaver CM, Gordon CM, Janz KF, Kalkwarf HJ, Lappe JM, Lewis R, O'Karma M, Wallace TC, Zemel BS. The National Osteoporosis Foundation's position statement on peak bone mass development and lifestyle factors: a systematic review and implementation recommendations. Osteoporos Int. 2016 Apr;27(4):1281-1386. https://doi: 10.1007/s00198-015-3440-3.
  266. Weir, K. (2011). The exercise effect. American Psychological Association, Vol 42, No. 11: https://www.apa.org/monitor/2011/12/exercise
  267. Werle, C. O. (2015). Is it fun or exercise? The framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking. Marketing Letters, 26(4), 691-702.: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-014-9301-6
  268. Werle, C., Wansink, B., & Payne, C. R. (2015). Is it fun or exercise? the framing of physical activity biases subsequent snacking. Marketing Letters, 26(4), 691-702.: doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11002-014-9301-6
  269. Wickham, J. (2020). Mayo Clinic: Emotional exhaustion during times of unrest. Mayo Clinic Health System: https://bit.ly/3dZ8KTH
  270. Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Ciccolo, J. T., Lewis, B. A., Albrecht, A. E., & Marcus, B. H. (2018). Acute affective response to a moderate-intensity exercise stimulus predicts physical activity participation 6 and 12 months later. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 38, 40-48. https://doi:10.1016/j.psychsport.2007.04.002  
  271. Williams, D. M., Dunsiger, S., Ciccolo, J. T., Lewis, B. A., Albrecht, A. E., & Marcus, B. H. (2019). Acute affective response to a moderate-intensity exercise stimulus predicts physical activity participation 6 and 12 months later. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 42, 63-69.
  272. Wisløff U, et al. (2015). High-intensity interval training to maximize cardiac benefits of exercise training? Exerc Sport Sci Rev, 43(3):139-46. https://DOI:10.1097/JES.0b013e3181aa65fc   
  273. Wong, P. T., & Tsai, P. C. (2019). Teacher burnout, job satisfaction, and job performance: The relation with subjective well-being in school teachers. School Psychology Quarterly, 34(1), 82-91.
  274. World Health Organization. (2019). Burn-out an "occupational phenomenon": International Classification of Diseases. World Health Organization: https://bit.ly/3pIil6s
  275. World Health Organization. (2020). Physical Activity. World Health Organization: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/physical-activity
  276. Wullur, M. M., & Werang, B. (2020). Emotional exhaustion and organizational commitment: Primary school teachers’ perspective. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education (IJERE), Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 912~919: https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1274772.pdf
  277. Yaakobi, E. (2018). Different types of efficacy – what best predicts behavior? Journal of Psychology and Clinical Psychiatry:         http://medcraveonline.com/JPCPY/JPCPY-09-00555.pdf  
  278. Yin, H., Huang, C., & Chen, D. (2020). Occupational stress, job satisfaction, and intent to leave: A structural equation modeling approach. Education and Urban Society, 52(7), 1219-1239.
  279. Yin, H., Huang, S., & Zhang, J. (2016). Teacher burnout, teacher–student relationship, and achievement motivation in Chinese secondary schools: A longitudinal study. Educational Psychology, 36(8), 1522-1542.

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic