Home⇛Science Asia Review⇛vol. 8 no. 1 (2023)

Nurses with Disabilities: A Concept Analysis

John Mark Lingcon

 

Abstract:

In this concept analysis, the concept NWDs represents the minority of nurses with certain physical and/or sensory impairment, apparent or hidden, which set unique ways in the performance of nursing tasks amidst limitation/s. As the concept evolves, it shall be termed as Differently-Abled Nurses (DANs). This concept analysis aims to provide a thorough review, in effort to yield in-depth understanding, of the concept nurses with disabilities (NWDs). Concept analysis method described by Walker and Avant was used to explore the concept of NWDs. Literature published from 1998 to 2019 were reviewed using Cumulative Index of Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), PubMed, Scielo, Google Scholar and Scopus electronic databases to identify relevant primary source publications and to determine the defining attributes of the concept NWDs. Model, borderline, and contrary cases were constructed. Analysis was further done by identifying the antecedents, consequences, and empirical referents of NWDs. The concept NWDs have the following attributes: (a) underrepresentation, (b) nondisclosure, (c) discrimination and negative attitude, (d) physical barriers and social stigma, and (e) unique skills. The concept NWDs is deem significant for discussion due to current global concerns in the nursing profession – ageing of and shortage in the nursing workforce. This concept analysis concludes that as a caring profession, nursing has traditionally appreciated uniqueness in order to promote health and holistic care to patients, and this caring should transcend nursing education upstream to nursing practice with regard to NWDs.



References:

  1. Aaberg, V.A. (2012). A path to greater inclusivity through understanding implicit attitudes toward disability. Journal of Nursing Education, 51, 505–510.
  2. Al-Abdulwahab, S.S. & Al-Gain, S.I. (2003). Attitudes of Saudi Arabian health care professionals towards people with physical disabilities. Asia Pacific Disability Rehabilitation Journal, 14(1), 63-70.
  3. American Association of Colleges of Nurses. (2013). Nursing shortage. Fact Sheet. 09/15/2019 Retrieved from https://www.aacnnursing.org/news-information/fact-sheets/nursingshortage.
  4. Americans With Disabilities Act of 1990, Pub. L. No. 101-336, 104 Stat. 328. 08/20/2019 Retrieved from https://www.ada.gov/pubs/adastatute08.htm.
  5. Arndt, M.E. (2004). Educating nursing students with disabilities: One nurse educator's journey from questions to clarity. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 2.
  6. Arvaniti, A., Samakouri, M., Kalamara, E., Bochtsou, V., Bikos, C., & Livaditis, M. (2009). Health service staff’s attitudes towards patients with mental illness. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 44, 658- 665.
  7. Ashcroft, T.J. (2012). Nursing educators’ perspectives of nursing students with disabilities. Unpublished PhD dissertation thesis, University of Manitoba, Canada.
  8. Ashcroft, T.J., & Lutfiyya, Z.M. (2013). Nursing educators’ perspectives of students with disabilities: A grounded theory. Nurse Education Today, 33, 1316–1321.
  9. Au, K.W. & Man, D.W. (2006). Attitudes toward people with disabilities: a comparison between health care professionals and students. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 29, 155-160.
  10. Barrett, J. (2016). The impact of baby-boomers on the nursing profession. Strategic Programs, Inc. 11/10/2019 Retrieved from http://strategicprogramsinc.com/the-impact-of-babyboomers-onthe-nursing-shortage/
  11. Bell, D., Carl, A. & Swart, E. (2016). Students with hearing impairment at a South African university: Self-identity and disclosure. African Journal of Disability, 5, 119.
  12. Berry, G. & Mellard, D. (2002). Current status on accommodating students with disabilities in selected community and technical colleges.
  13.  Betancourt, J.R., Green, A.R., & Carillo, E. (2002). Cultural competence in health care: Emerging frameworks and practical approaches. The Commonwealth Fund, New York.
  14. Blankfield, S. (2001). Thick, problematic and costly? The dyslexic student on work placement. Skill Journal, 70, 23–26.
  15. Bohne, J.M. (2004). Valuing differences among nursing students. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 2.
  16. Boyles, C.M., Bailey, P.H., & Mossey, S. (2008). Representations of disability in nursing and healthcare literature: An integrative review. Journal of Advanced Nursing 62(4), 428–437.
  17. Buerhaus, P., Skinner, L., Auerbach, D., & Staiger, D. (2017). Four challenges facing the nursing workforce in the United States. Journal of Nursing Regulation, 8(2), 40-46.
  18. Buttrell, S.M. (2008). Nurses with disabilities: A phenomenological study of nurses who are blind. Unpublished masters thesis, Washington State University, United States of America.
  19. Carroll, S.M. (2004). Inclusion of people with physical disabilities in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Education, 43, 207-212. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. (2014). FastStats: Disability and functioning. 08/18/2019 Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/nchs/fastats/disability.htm.
  20. Chan, F., McMahon, B.T., Cheing, G., Rosenthal, D.A., & Bezyak, J. (2005). Drivers of workplace discrimination against people with disabilities: The utility of attribution theory. Work, 25(1), 77-88.
  21. Chenoweth, L., Pryor, J., Jeon, Y.H., & Hall‐Pullin, L. (2004). Disability‐specific preparation programme plays an important role in shaping students’ attitudes towards disablement and patients with disabilities. Learning in Health and Social Care, 3, 83-91.
  22. Cooper-Patrick, L. (1999). Race, gender, and partnership in the patientphysician relation. Journal of American Medical Association, 282(6), 583-589.
  23. Crawshaw, M. (2002). Disabled people’s access to social work education – ways and means of promoting environmental change. Social work education, 21(5), 503-514.
  24. Crous, S. (2004). The academic support needs of students with impairments at three higher education institutions. South African Journal of Higher Education, 18, 228-251.
  25. Dale, C. & Aiken, F. (2007). A review of the literature into dyslexia in nursing practice. 09/14/2019 Retrieved from http://www.suht.nhs.uk.
  26. Davidson, P., Rushton, C., Dotzenrod, J., Godack, C., Baker, D., & Nolan, M. (2016). Just and realistic expectations for persons with disabilities practicing nursing. AMA Journal of Ethics, 18(10), 1034-1040.
  27. Doe, J. (2003). Is nursing turning its back on the disabled. Topics in Advanced Practice Nursing eJournal, 3(1).
  28. Drainoni, M.L., Lee-Hood, E., Tobias, C., Bachman, S.S., Andrew, J., & Maisels, L. (2006). Cross-disability experiences of barriers to healthcare access consumer perspectives. Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 17, 101-115.
  29. Dubsky, D. (2017). Nurses with disabilities’ experience of accommodation in the workplace: A qualitative study. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Illinois, United States of America.
  30. Dutta, A. (2001). Disabilify related services needs and satisfactions of university students: An exploratory study. Unpublished PhD dissertation, Universify of Illinois, United States of America.
  31. Eley, R., Hegney, D., Buikstra, E., Fallon, T., Plank, A., & Parker, V. (2007). Aged care nursing in Queensland – the nurses’ view. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 16, 860–872.
  32. Ferguson, D.S., Evan, V.S., Hajduk, D.B., & Jones, D. L. (2009). Enable the disabled: An untapped resource for the nursing shortage. Nursing Management, 40(2), 9–11.
  33. Figueroa, O. (2014). The significance of recruiting underrepresented minorities in medicine: an examination of the need for effective approaches used in admissions by higher education institutions. Medical Education Online, 19.
  34. Fishbein, M. & Ajzen, I. (2005). The influence of attitudes on behavior. In D. Albarracín, B.T. Johnson, & M.P. Zanna (Eds.), The handbook of attitudes. New Jersey.
  35. Geçkil, E., Kaleci, E., Cingil, D., & Hisar, F. (2017). The effect of disability empathy activity on the attitude of nursing students towards disabled people: a pilot study. Contemporary Nurse, 1-12.
  36. Goddard, L., & Jordan, L. (1998). Changing attitudes about persons with disabilities: Effects of a simulation. Journal of Neuroscience Nursing, 30, 307–313.
  37. Goreczny, A.J., Bender, E.E., Caruso, G., & Feinstein, C.S. (2011). Attitudes toward individuals with disabilities: Results of a recent survey and implications of those results. Research in Developmental Disabilities, 32, 1596–1609.
  38. Green, S., Davis, C., Karshmer, E., Marsh, P., & Straight, B. (2005). Living stigma: the impact of labeling, stereotyping, separation, status loss, and discrimination in the lives of individuals with disabilities and their families. Sociology Inquiry, 75(2), 197-215.
  39. Griffiths, L., Worth, P., Scullard, Z., & Gilbert, D. (2010). Supporting disabled students in practice: A tripartite approach. Nurse Education in Practice, 10(3), 132-137.
  40. Hamblet, E.C. (2014). Nine strategies to improve college transition planning for students with disabilities. Teaching Exceptional Children, 46(3), 53– 59.
  41. Happell, B., Bennetts, W., & Harris, S. (2015). Lived experience in teaching mental health nursing: issues of fear and power. International Journal in Mental Health Nursing, 24(1), 19-27.
  42. Hargreaves, J., Dearnley, C., Walker, S. & Walker, L. (2014). The preparation and practice of disabled health care practitioners: Exploring the issues. Innovations in Education and Teaching International 51, 303– 314.
  43. Hoskins, D. L. (2008). Critical disability theory: A paper presented at the 4th Biennial Disability Studies Conference. 11/03/2019 Retrieved from http://www.lancaster.ac.uk/fass/events/disabilityconferencearchive/2008/papers/hosking2008.pdf
  44. Institute of Medicine. (1999). To err is human: Building a safer health system. Washington, DC, United States of America.
  45. Institute of Medicine. (2011). The future of nursing: Leading change, advancing health. Washington, DC, United States of America. International Council of Nurses (2002). Definition of nursing. 08/18/2019 Retrieved from http://www.icn.ch/about-icn/icn-definition-ofnursing/.
  46. International Disability Rights Monitor. (2005). IDRM: Regional Report of Asia.
  47. Kane, A. & Gooding, C. (2009). Reasonable adjustments in nursing and midwifery: A literature review. London: Nursing and Midwifery Council.
  48. Kessler Foundation. (2015). The Kessler Foundation 2015 National Employment and Disability Survey: Report of Main Findings. 08/18/2019 Retrieved from http://kesslerfoundation.org/kfsurvey15.
  49. Kidd, J. (2008). Aroha mai: Nurses, nursing and mental illness. Unpublished PhD dissertation, University of Auckland, New Zealand.
  50. Kirschner, K.L. & Curry, R.H. (2009). Educating health care professionals to care for patients with disabilities. Journal of American Medical Association, 302(12), 1334-5.
  51. Kolanko, K. M. (2003). A collective case study of nursing students with learning disabilities. Nursing Education Perspectives, 24(5), 251-256.
  52. Korzon, J. (2012). Fit to Practice: Exploring the work experiences of nurses who are disabled during the course of their careers. Massey University, New Zealand.
  53. L'Ecuyer, K.M. (2014). Attitudes of staff nurse preceptors related to the education of nurses with learning disabilities in clinical settings. 09/21/2019 Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com.
  54. Linden, M. & Kavanagh, R. (2012). Attitudes of qualified vs. student mental health nurses towards an individual diagnosed with schizophrenia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 68, 1359-1368.
  55. Livingston, A. (2008). Disability policy and practice at the University of Saskatchewan. Unpublished masters thesis, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada.
  56. Livneh, R.F. & Antonak, H. (2000). Measurement of attitudes towards persons with disabilities. Disability & Rehabilitation, 22, 211-224.
  57. Luckowski, A. (2016). The lived experience in the clinical setting of nursing students with disabilities. Nursing Education Perspectives. Wolters Kluwer Health, 37(5), 256-261.
  58. Maheady, D.C. (1999). Jumping through hoops, walking on egg shells: The experiences of nursing students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 38(4), 162–170.
  59. Maheady, D.C. (2004). Positions wanted: Nurses with Disabilities: Barriers to employment remain despite the nursing shortage. American Journal of Nursing, 104(3), 13.
  60. Maheady, D.C. (2006). Leave no nurse behind: Nurses working with disabilities. Lincoln, NE: iUniverse.
  61. Maheady, D.C. (2009). Knowing persons with disabilities: Nurses Illuminate difference in a natural light. A Contemporary Nursing Process. Springer Publishing, 305-328.
  62. Marks, B. & Ailey, S. (2015). White paper on inclusion of students with disabilities in nursing educational programs for California committee on employment of people with disabilities (CCEPD). Technical Report.
  63. Marks, B. & McCulloh, K. (2016). Success for students and nurses with disabilities: A call for action for nurse educators. Nurse Educator. Wolters Kluwer Health, 1-4.
  64. Marks, B. (2000). Jumping through hoops and walking on egg shells or discrimination, hazing, and abuse of students with disabilities? Journal of Nursing Education, 39, 205-210.
  65. Marks, B. (2007). Cultural competence revisited: Nursing students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 46, 70–74.
  66. Marks, B., McCulloh, K., & Jones, R. (2014). Beyond goldilocks: Getting disability just right with the Americans with disabilities act of 2008 in the nursing profession.
  67. Matt, S.B. (2008). Nurses with disabilities: Self-reported experiences as hospital employees. Qualitative Health Research, 18, 1524-1535.
  68. Matt, S.B. (2011). Nurses with disabilities: a pilot study of the nurses’ attitudes toward nurses with disabilities scale. Journal of Research in Nursing, 17, 376-392.
  69. Matt, S.B., Fleming, S.E. & Maheady, D.C. (2015). Creating disability inclusive work environments for our aging nursing workforce. Journal of Nursing Administration, 45(6), 325–330.
  70. Matziou, V., Galanis, P., Tsoumakas, C., Gymnopoulou, E., Perdikaris, P., & Brokalaki, H. (2009). Attitudes of nurse professionals and nursing students towards children with disabilities. Do nurses really overcome children’s physical and mental handicaps? International Nursing Review, 56, 456-460.
  71. McCann, K. (2013). Nurses with disabilities: Another minority group. Minoority Nurse. 09/12/2019 Retrieved from https://minoritynurse.com/nurses-with-disabilities-another-minoritygroup/.
  72. McCleary-Jones, V. (2005). The Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990 and its impact on higher education and nursing education. ABNF Journal, 16(2), 24-27.
  73. McClelland, G.T., Horne, M., Dearnley, C., Raynsford, J., & Irving, D. (2015). Experiences and outcomes among undergraduate health professional higher education students with protected characteristics: disability, gender, and ethnicity. Journal in Psychology, 6(1), 38-64.
  74. McCulloh, K. & Marks, B. (2015). FAQ’s: RNs who become disabled after receiving their license and self-advocacy skills. New Hampshire Nursing News, 39(4), 9. 11/10/2019 Retrieved from http://www.nursingald.com/uploads/publication/pdf/1246/NH10_15.pdf
  75. Moodley, S. & Mchunu, G. (2018). Integration experiences of student and qualified nurses with disabilities who graduated from selected KwaZulu-Natal nursing education institutions: An exploratory case study. Curationis, 41(1).
  76. Moore, C. A. (2004, May). Disability as a difference and the nursing profession. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 197-201.
  77. Morales, L.S. (1999). Are Latinos less satusfied with communication by helath care providers? Journal of General Internal Medicine, 14(7), 409-417.
  78. Morgan, P.E., & Lo, K. (2013). Enhancing positive attitudes towards disability: Evaluation of an integrated physiotherapy program. Disability and Rehabilitation, 35, 300–305.
  79. Morris, D.K. & Turnbull, P.A. (2006). Clinical experiences of students with dyslexia. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 54, 238-247.
  80. Morris, D.K. & Turnbull, P.A. (2007). The disclosure of dyslexia in clinical practice: Experiences of student nurses in the United Kingdom. Nursing Education Today, 27, 35-42.
  81. Morrow, M., Wasik. A., Cohen, M., & Elah Perry, K.-M. (2009). Removing barriers to work: Building economic security for people with psychiatric disabilities. Critical Social Policy, 29(4), 655-676.
  82. National League for Nursing. (2016). Achieving diversity and meaningful inclusion in nursing education. 09/13/2019 Retrieved from http://www.nln.org/docs/default-source/about/vision-statementachieving-diversity.pdf?sfvrsn=2
  83. National Statistics Office. (2010). 2010 Census of Population and Housing. 09/29/2019 Retrieved from https://psa.gov.ph/content/personsdisability-philippines-results-2010-census.
  84. Neal-Boylan, L. & Guillett, S.E. (2008). Work experiences of RNs with physical disabilities. Rehabilitation Nursing, 33(2), 67-72.
  85. Neal-Boylan, L. & Smith, D. (2016). Nursing students with physical disabilities: Dispelling myths and correcting misconceptions. Nurse Educator, 41, 13-18.
  86. Neal-Boylan, L. (2012). An Exploration and Comparison of the Work life Experiences of Registered Nurses and Physicians with Permanent Physical and/or Sensory Disabilities. Rehabilitation Nursing, 37(1), 3-10.
  87. Neal-Boylan, L. (2014). Nurses with disabilities: Their job descriptions and work expectations. Rehabilitation Nursing, 39(4), 169-177.
  88. Neal-Boylan, L., Marks, B., & McCulloh, K. (2015). Supporting nurses and nursing students with disabilities. American Journal of Nursing, 115(10), 11-17.
  89. Neal‐Boylan, L.J., Fennie, K., & Baldauf‐Wagner, S. (2011). Nurses with sensory disabilities: Their perceptions and characteristics. Rehabilitation Nursing, 36(1), 25-31.
  90. Özyürek, M. (2013). Changing the attitudes towards disabled people. Kök Publication.
  91. Packer, T., Iwasiw, C., Theben, J., Sheveleva, P., & Metrofanova, N. (2000). Attitudes to disability of Russian occupational therapy and nursing students. International Journal of Rehabilitation Research, 23(8), 39- 47.
  92. Paudel, S., Bhandari, L. and Bhandari, D.B. (2017) Disability: A Case Screening Program Approach. Journal of Biosciences and Medicines, 5, 10-21.
  93. Peacock, G., Iezzoni, L.I., & Harkin, T. R. (2015). Health care for Americans with disabilities - 25 years after the ADA. New England Journal of Medicine, 37(10), 892-893.
  94. Philips, J.A. & Miltner, R., (2015). Work hazards for an ageing workforce. Journal of Nursing Management, 23, 803-812.
  95. Rao, S. (2004). Faculty attitudes and students with disabilities in higher education: A literature review. College Student Journal, 38, 191-198.
  96. Reinschmiedt, H., Sprong, M., Buono, F., Dallas, B., & Upton, T. (2013). Postsecondary students with disabilities receiving accommodations: A survey of satisfaction & subjective well-being. Journal of Rehabilitation, 79(3), 3-10.
  97. Republic Act 10070 of 2010 An Act Establishing Institutional Mechanism to Ensure the Implementation of Programs and Services for Persons with Disabilities in every Province, City, and Municipality, Amending Republic Act No. 7277, otherwise known as the “Magna Carta for Disabled Persons, and for Other Purposes”. 12/03/2019 Retrieved from https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/republic-acts/republicact-no-10070/.
  98. Republic Act 7277 of 1992 An Act Providing for the Rehabilitation, SelfDevelopment and Self-Reliance of Disabled Person and their Integration into the Mainstream of Society and for Other Purposes. 12/03/2019 Retrieved from https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disabilitylaws/republic-acts/republic-act-7277/.
  99. Republic Act 9442 of 2007 An Act Amending Republic Act No. 7277, otherwise known as the “Magna Carta for Disabled Persons, and for Other Purposes”. 13/03/2019 Retrieved from https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/republic-acts/republic-act9442/.
  100. Saha, S. (2000). Do patients choose physicians of their own race? Health Affairs, 19(4), 76-83.
  101. Sahin, H. & Akyol, A.D. (2010). Evaluation of nursing and medical students’ attitudes towards people with disabilities. Journal of Clinical Nursing, 19, 2271-2279.
  102. Scullion, P. (2000). Disabled people as health service employees. How to break down the barriers. Nursing Management, 7(6), 8-13.
  103. Seccombe, J.A. (2007). Attitudes towards disability in an undergraduate nursing curriculum: The effects of a curriculum change. Nurse Education Today, 27, 445-451.
  104. Shakespeare, T., Iezzoni, L.I., & Groce, N.E. (2009). Disability and the training of health professionals. Lancet, 374, 1815-1816.
  105. Sharpe, M.N., Johnson, D.R., Izzo, M., & Murray, A. (2005). An analysis of instructional accommodations and assistive technologies used by postsecondary graduates with disabilities. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 22, 3-11.
  106. Shpigelman, C.N., Zlotnick, C., & Brand, R. (2016). Attitudes toward nursing students with disabilities: Promoting social inclusion. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(8), 441-449.
  107. Sin, C.H. & Fong, J. (2008). ‘Do no harm’? Professional regulation of disabled nursing students and nurses in Great Britain. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(6), 642-652.
  108. Small, H. (20110). Brucellosis and psychology: Nightingale's depression, in Florence Nightingale: Influence and inspirations. London, Engaland.
  109. Smeltzer, S.C. (2007). Improving the health and wellness of persons with disabilities: A call to action too important for nursing to ignore. Nursing Outlook, 55, 189-195.
  110. Smeltzer, S.C., Avery, C., & Haynor, P. (2012). Interactions of people with disabilities and nursing staff during hospitalization. American Journal of Nursing, 112(4), 30-37.
  111. Smeltzer, S.C., Blunt, E., Marozsan, H., & Wetzel‐Effinger, L. (2015). Inclusion of disability‐related content in nurse practitioner curricula. Journal of the American Association of Nurse Practitioners, 27, 213221.
  112. Smeltzer, S.C., Dolen, M.A., Robinson-Smith, G., & Zimmerman, V. (2005). Integration of disability-related content in nursing curricula. Nursing Education Perspectives, 26, 210-216.
  113. Smeltzer, S.C., Robinson-Smith, G., Dolen, M.A., Duffin, J.M., & AlMaqbali, M. (2010). Disability-related content in nursing textbooks. Nursing Education Perspectives, 31, 148-155.
  114. Sowers, J. & Smith, M. (2004, June). Evaluations of the effects of an in-service training program on nursing faculty member's perceptions, knowledge, and concerns about students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 248-253.
  115. Sowers, J. & Smith, M. (2004, May). Nursing faculty members' perceptions, knowledge, and concerns about students with disabilities. Journal of Nursing Education, 43(5), 213-218.
  116. Sowers, J. & Smith, M. (2002). Disability as difference. Journal of Nursing Education, 41(8), 331–332.
  117. Steele, J. (2018). The lived experiences of nursing students with learning disabilities. Unpublished EdD dissertation, University of Alabama, United States of America.
  118. Storr, H., Wray, J., & Draper, P. (2010). Supporting disabled student nurses from registration to qualification: A review of the United Kingdom (UK) literature, Nurse Education Today, 31 (8), 29-33. doi:10.1016/j.nedt.2010.11.022.
  119. Symes, J. (2014). Nursing students with disabilities: Nursing education leaders' perceptions of accomodations. 09/21/2019 https://www.nursinglibrary.org/vhl/handle/10755/602932.
  120. Ten Klooster, P.M., Dannenberg, J.W., Taal, E., Burger, G., & Rasker, J.J. (2009). Attitudes towards people with physical or intellectual disabilities: nursing students and non‐nursing peers. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 65, 2562-2573.
  121. Tervo, R.C. & Palmer, G. (2004). Health professional student attitudes towards people with disability. Clinical Rehabilitation, 18, 908-915.
  122. Tervo, R.C., Azuma, S., Palmer, G., & Redinius, P. (2002). Medical students’ attitudes toward persons with disability: A comparative study. Archives of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, 83, 1537-1542.
  123. Thompson, T.L.C., Emrich, K., & Moore, G. (2003). The effect of curriculum on the attitudes of nursing students toward disability. Rehabilitation Nursing, 28(1), 27-35.
  124. Trossman, S. (2003). Focusing on abilities, acknowledging limitations help nurses continue to practice. American Nurse, 35(4), 1-10.
  125. U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics (2016). Persons with a disability: Labor force characteristics summary - 2015. 08/18/2019 Retrieved from https://www.bls.gov/news.release/disabl.nr0.htm.
  126. United Nations Chronicle. (2004). Nothing about us without us: Recognizing the rights of people with disabilities. United Nations. 12/14/2019 Retrived from http://www.un.org/Pubs/chronicle/2004/issue4/0404p10.html.
  127. Uysal, A., Albayrak, B., Koçulu, B., Kan, F., & Aydın, T. (2014). Attitudes of nursing students toward people with disabilities. Nurse Education Today, 34, 878-884.
  128.  Waliany, S. (2016). Health professionals with disabilities: motivating inclusiveness and representation. AMA Journal of Ethics, 18(10), 971- 974.
  129. Walker, L.O. & Avant K.C. (2011). Strategies for theory construction in nursing. 5th Edition. Pearson Prentice Hall.
  130. Ward, M.J., & Berry, G. (2005). Students with disabilities in postsecondary education: Accommodations received and needed. 10/07/2019 Retrieved from http://www.heath.gwu.edu/files/active/0/postsecondary_with_disabilities.pdf
  131. White, J. (2007). Supporting nursing students with dyslexia in clinical practice. Nursing Standard, 21, 35-42.
  132. Woloschuk, W., Harasym, P.H., & Temple, W. (2004). Attitude change during medical school: A cohort study. Medical Education, 38, 522-534.
  133. Wood, D. & Marshall, E.S. (2010). Nurses with disabilities working in hospital settings: Attitudes, concerns, and experiences of nurse leaders. Journal of Professional Nursing, 26, 182-187.
  134. World Health Organization. (2001). International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health–ICF. Geneva, Switzerland.
  135. World Health Organization. (2011). World Report on Disability. 08/18/2019 Retrieved from http://www.hrw.org/world-report/2013/countrychapters/china.
  136. Wray, J., Aspland, J., Gibson, H., Stimpson, A., & Watson, R. (2009). A wealth of knowledge: A survey of the employment experiences of older nurses and midwives in the NHS. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(7), 977-985.
  137. Wright, D. & Eathorne, V. (2003). Supporting students with disabilities. Nursing Standard, 18(11), 37-42.
  138. Yin, M., Shaewitz, D., & Megra, M. (2014). An uneven playing field: The lack of equal pay for people with disabilities. American Institutes for Research. 12/14/2019 Retrieved from http://www.tilrc.org/assests/news/publications/LackofEqualPayforPeoplewithDisabilities.Dec14.pdf.
  139.  Yuker, H.E., Block, J.R., & Campbell, W.J. (1970). A scale to measure attitudes toward disabled persons. Ina Mend Institute, Human Resources Center.

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic