Challenges and Progress of Grouper Aquaculture in Asia: A Review
Cirilo O. Ybanez Jr. | Ruby C Gonzales
Discipline: environmental sciences
Abstract:
Asia is widely recognized for its grouper
aquaculture. China (65%), Taiwan (17%), and Indonesia (11%)
together account for 93% of global grouper production. This
study recorded 48 species, and 16 hybrids were used in Asian
aquaculture. The conservation status of cultured grouper species
is 67% least concern, 17% data deficient, 10% vulnerable, and 2%
critically endangered, endangered, and near threatened. Most
Asian countries face issues such as (1) lack of hatcheries, (2)
poor seedstock, (3) poor broodstock quality, (4) lack of financial
and technical support, (5) trash fish and accessibility to fish
pellets, (6) poor water quality, (7) diseases, and (8) capture-based
aquaculture. These issues, combined with overfishing, contribute
to a decline in grouper productivity and their wild population.
The decline has alarmed experts and conservationists looking
into the causes and potential remedies to this problem. Some
management strategies mentioned in this paper include: (1)
closed season during spawning aggregation, (2) establishing
more marine protected areas (MPAs), particularly the no-take
marine reserve, (3) non-consumptive utilization of groupers
(eco-tourism) and (4) establishing more full-cycle grouper
aquaculture. The results of this study suggest that implementing
these strategies could be an effective means of addressing the
issue of grouper production and that additional research is
required to determine the most effective method of addressing
this problem. The findings of this study have significant
implications for the development and sustainability of grouper
aquaculture and highlight the need for further research in this
area.
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