Self-Efficacy of Proficient Public Secondary School Teachers in the Philippines, A Sequential Explanatory Study
Keith Frances Pelingon | Clarisse Contreras | Enigo Moreno | Brian Lloyd Dayrit | Jomarie Mallari | Leo Toledano | Noel L. Dominado
Abstract:
This study aimed to identify the areas where proficient teachers struggle the most and the areas where they feel confident regarding influence in decision-making, instructional, disciplinary, parental involvement, community involvement, and a positive school climate. A mixedmethod of sequential explanatory design was utilized, involving 70 secondary high school teachers in the Cluster I Schools Division of Pampanga. The study’s findings demonstrated that teachers are more comfortable and feel more competent and confident in areas like instruction
and a positive school climate, where they have more direct control over
the conduct and learning of their students. On the other hand, the respondents seemed to be reasonably confident in their ability to influence decisions made within the educational institution. This could be
due to several factors, including their experience, relationships with
other staff members, or participation in committees that make decisions for the organization. The study highlighted the importance of
maintaining collaboration and support among educators, administrators, and the entire school community to foster an environment that
values ongoing learning and effective teaching strategies. Lastly, this
study emphasized how important teacher self-efficacy is in determining effective teaching practices, especially for experienced teachers. It
also emphasized the importance of recognizing and providing targeted
support for teachers' strengths to build their confidence and ultimately
improve student achievement. The research suggests that schools
should give priority to programs that increase teacher self-efficacy
through mentorship programs, targeted professional development, and building a supportive school culture. These efforts will ultimately
increase instructional effectiveness and improve the teachers’ overall
confidence in teaching.
References:
- Anthony, D., Kazaara, A. G., Kazaara, A. I., Is-mail, L., & Prudence, K. (2023). The Im-pact of Teachers ’ Teaching Methods on Students ’ Performance in English Subject in Secondary Schools In Uganda , A Case Study Of Selected Secondary Schools In Kampala & Wakiso. 7(3), 290–297
- Antonio, G. C. (2023). Resilience and Sense of Self-Efficacy among Filipino Educators During the 2019 Corona Virus Pandemic. American Journal of IR 4.0 and Beyond, 2(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.54536/ajirb.v2i1.1457
- Avvisati, F., Besbas, O., Guyon N., (2010). Pa-rental Involvement in School: A Literature Review, In Political Economy Review 2010/5 (Vol. 120), pages 759 to 778. https://www.cairn.info/revue-d-economie-politique-2010-5-page-759.htm?contenu=article
- Bantoc, A. A. & Yazon, A. D. (2023). Self-Efficacy, Core Behavioral Competence and Performance of Teachers: A Scaffold for Proficient and Highly Proficient Teachers. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research. 4(12), 4530 – 4555. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.04.12.28
- Balasubramanian, K., & Soundararajan, M., (2022). Parental Involvement And Self-Confidence Among Prospective Teachers. International Interdisciplinary Journal ofEducation. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/359082687_PARENTAL_INVOLVEMENT_AND_SELF_CONFIDENCE_AMONG_PROSPECTIVE_TEACHERS
- Barni, D., Danioni, F., Benevene. P., (2019). Teachers’ Self-Efficacy: The Role of Per-sonal Values and Motivations for Teach-ing. Front. Psychol. 10:1645. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.01645
- Belousov Yu.V., Timofeeva O.I. (2020). Foreign experience of public participation in the management of school education. Man-agement Sciences. 2020;10 (3):48-60. https://doi.org/10.26794/2404-022X-2020-10-3-48-60
- B8ordia, D., (2022). Types of Disciplinary Action. https://blg.teachmint.com/typeofdisciplinary-action/
- Creswell, J.W. and Plano Clark, V.L. (2011) De-signing and Conducting Mixed Methods Research. 2nd Edition, Sage Publications, Los Angeles. https://www.scirp.org/(S(i43dyn45teexjx455qlt3d2q))/reference/ReferencesPapers.aspx?ReferenceID=1596237
- Dame, J., Dolonseda, H., Lendongan, A., (2023). The Influence Of Teacher's Teaching Style And Learning Discipline On Students' Cognitive Ability At Smp Negeri 3 Motol-ing Timur. https://doi.org/10.53682/jpeunima.v4i1.7064
- Daly, C., (2022). Promoting Community In-volvement in Schools. https://thoughtexchange.com/blog/community-involvement-in-schools/
- DepEd. (2017). The Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers was developed through the Research Center for Teacher Quality (RCTQ) with support from the Australian Government. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wpcontent/uploads/2017/08/DO_s2017_042-1.pdf
- Dicke, T., Marsh, H. W., Parker, P. D., Guo, J., Riley, P., & Waldeyer, J. (2020). Job satis-faction of teachers and their principals in relation to climate and student achieve-ment. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(5), 1061–1073. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000409
- Dias, D., & Barroso, R., (2023). Parental In-volvement In School: Parents’ And Stu-dents’ Perceptions. Psicologia Escolar e Educacional. 27. https://doi.org/10.1590/2175-35392023-242143-t.
- Dumaguing, M. L., & Yango, A. R. (2023). Teachers’ Pedagogical Competence, Class-room Management Skills, and Students’ Academic Achievement Among Selected Public City Schools Division in the Prov-ince of Laguna. Technium Social Sciences Journal, 44(1), 573–591. https://doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v44i1.8923
- Easwaramoorthy, M., & Zarinpoush, F., (2006). Interviewing For Research. https://sectorsource.ca/sites/default/files/resources/files/tipsheet6_interviewing_for_research_en_0.pdf
- Estiani, S., & Hasanah, E. (2022). Principal’s Leadership Role in Improving Teacher Competence. Nidhomul Haq: Jurnal Mana-jemen Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 229-241. https://doi.org/10.31538/ndh.v7i2.2281
- Fabelico, F., Afalla, B. (2020). Perseverance and Passion in the Teaching Profession: Teachers' Grit, Self-Efficacy, Burnout, and Performance. Journal of Critical Reviews, 2020, Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=3655146
- Faridah, N., Kazaara, A. G., & Kazaara, A. I. (2023). An Evaluation of the Effects of Ad-vertising on Consumer Brand Awareness in an Organization , a Case Study of Muk-wano Group of Companies. 7(3), 206–212
- Fuller, A., (2011). The Teacher as a Decision Maker. https://www.pearsonhighered.com/assets/samplechapter/0/1/3/2/0132698161.pdf
- Gay, L.R., Mills, G., Airasian, P., (2012). Educa-tional Research Competencies for Analysis and Applications, pages 130-131. https://yuli-elearn-ing.com/pluginfile.php/4831/mod_resource/content/1/GayE%20Book%20Educational%20Research-2012.pdf
- Gepila, E., (2020). Assessing Teachers Using Philippine Standards for Teachers. Uni-versal Journal of Educational Resear ch, 8(3), 739 - 746. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080302.
- Gordon, D., Blundell, C., Mills, R., Bourke, T., (2023). Teacher self-efficacy and reform: a systematic literature review. Aust. Educ. Res. 50, 801–821 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-022-00526-3
- Grazia, V., & Molinari, L. (2021). School climate multidimensionality and measurement: A systematic literature review. Research Papers in Education, 36(5), 561–587. https://doi.org/10.1080/02671522.2019.1697735
- Hajovsky, D., Chesnut, S., Jensen, K., (2020). The role of teachers' self-efficacy beliefs in the development of teacher-student rela-tionships, Journal of School Psychology, Volume 82, 2020, Pages 141-158, ISSN 0022-4405, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jsp.2020.09.001.
- Hammar Chiriac, E., Forsberg, C. & Thornberg, R. (2023). Teacher teams: A safeplace to work on creating and maintaining a posi-tive school climate. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11218-023-09880-1
- Harris, A., Jones, M., (2019). Teacher leader-ship and educational change, School Leadership & Management, 39:2, 123-126, https://doi.org/10.1080/13632434.2019.1574964
- Haryanti, A., & Suwarma, I. R. (2018). Profil Keterampilan Komunikasi Siswa Smp Da-lam Pembelajaran IPA Berbasis STEM (Profile of Junior High School Students' Communication Skills in STEM-Based Natural Science Learning). WaPFi (Wa-hana Pendidikan Fisika), 3(1), 49-54. https://doi.org/10.17509/wapfi.v3i1.10940
- Itzhak, M., (2021). “Come and join us”: How tech brands use source, message, and tar-get audience strategies to attract em-ployees, The Journal of High Technology Management Research, Volume 32, Issue 2, 2021, 100418, ISSN 1047-8310, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.hitech.2021.100418.
- Kasalak, G., & Dağyar, M. (2020). The relation-ship between teacher self-efficacy and teacher job satisfaction: A metaanalysis of the Teaching and Learning International Survey (TALIS). Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 20(3), 16 - 33. http://dx.doi.org/10.12738/jestp.2020.3.002
- Katsantonis, I. G. (2019). Investigation of the impact of school climate and teach-ers’self-efficacy on job satisfaction: A cross-cultural approach. European Jour-nal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education, 10(1), 119–133. https://doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe10010011
- Kınay Kuru, N., Tabancalı, E., (2023). "The Re-lationship between Teachers' Professional Learning, School Culture, and Teachers’ Demographic Characteristics". Interna-tional Journal of Educational Research Review 8 / 3 (July 2023): 682-696. https://doi.org/10.24331/ijere.1282840
- Khumalo, S. M., Shoba, M. E., & Khoza, S. B. (2023). Individual dynamics for effective implementation of mainstream English-curriculum at a school for the deaf. Inter-national Journal of Research in Business and Social Science (2147- 4478), 12(2), 440-457
- Kolmar, C., (2022). The Most Important In-structional Skills (With Examples). https://www.zippia.com/advice/instructional-skills/
- Kurniatillah, R., Hidayat, D., Husna, N., Alek, A., (2022). Teacher-student interaction in English classroom setting. Vol. 6 No. 1 (2022). https://doi.org/10.31940/jasl.v6i1.391
- Law-Davis, S., (2023). Early Childhood Teach-ers’ Confidence to Teach Religious Educa-tion and the Influences Which Impact Their Teaching of Religious Education in Catholic Primary Schools. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel14020198
- Li, R., Liu, H., Chen, Y., & Yao, M. (2022). Teacher engagement and self-efficacy: The mediating role of continuing profes-sional development and moderating role of teaching experience. Current Psycholo-gy, 41(1), 328–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-019-00575-5
- Lumanug, C. G. L. I., & Dimla, R. B., (2021). In-teraction Effects of Teachers’ Job Satisfac-tion and their Self-Efficacy on Teaching Performance. Journal of Education in Black Sea Region, 7(1), 48–65. https://doi.org/10.31578/jebs.v7i1.249
- Ma, K., Chutiyami, M. & Nicoll, S., (2022). Tran-sitioning into the first year of teaching: changes and sources of teacher self-efficacy. Aust. Educ. Res. 49, 943–960 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13384-021-00481-5
- Malagsic, M., Petalla, M., Doromal, A., (2021). Self-efficacy and Work Commitment of the Private Senior High School Teachers in Time of Pandemic. International Journal of Sciences: Basic and Applied Research (IJSBAR), 60(4), 345–359. https://www.gssrr.org/index.php/JournalOfBasicAndAp-plied/article/view/13568
- Malunes, R. E., & Dioso, D. P. D. (2020). Teach-ing Competence of Public School Teachers in the Light of the Philippine Professional Standards for Teachers. Philippine Social Science Journal, 3(2), 43-44. https://doi.org/10.52006/main.v3i2.179
- Martins, Izaaias, Juan Pablo Pérez Monsalve & Andrés Velasquez Martinez (2018). Self-confidence and fear of failure among uni-versity students and their relationship with entrepreneurial orientation: Evi-dence from Colombia. Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administracion 31: 471–85. https://doi.org/10.1108/ARLA-01-2018-0018
- Mavuru, L. & Ramnarain, U. (2020). Language affordances and pedagogical challenges in multilingual grade 9 Natural Sciences classrooms in South Africa. International Journal of Science Education, 42(14), 2472-2492. https://doi.org/10.1080/09500693.2019.1655177
- Michael, T., Nicholas, K., Prudence, K., (2023). The Effect of Teacher's Motivation on Ac-ademic Performance of Students in Kole District a Case Study of Alito Sub-County. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/371740741_The_Effect_of_Teacher%27s_Motivation_on_Academic_Performance_of_Students_in_Kole_District_a_Case_Study_of_Alito_SubCounty?_
- Mitchell, R. (2019). Student organization as a facet of teaching quality in sub-SaharanAfrica: evidence to inform the World Bank’s Teach observation instru-ment. Paper presented at UKFIET 2019, Oxford, United Kingdom. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/334204795_Student_organisation_as_a_facet_of_teaching_quality_in_subSaharan_Africa_evidence_to_inform_the_World_Bank's_Teach_observation_instrument
- Moltudal, S., Krumsvik, R., Jones, L., Eikeland, O. J., & Johnson, B. (2019). The Relation-ship Between Teachers’ Perceived Class-room Management Abilities and Their Professional Digital Competence. Designs for Learning, 11(1), 80–98. https://doi.org/10.16993/dfl.128
- Muhonen, H., Pakarinen, E., Lerkkanen. MK., (2022). Professional vision of Grade 1 teachers experiencing different levels of work-related stress, Teaching and Teach-er Education, Volume 110, 2022, 103585, ISSN 0742-051X, https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103585
- Narayanan, M., Ordynans J., Wang, A., McCluskey M., Elivert, N., Shield, A., Fer-rell, A., (2023). Putting the Self in Self-Efficacy: Personal Factors in the Devel-opment of Early Teacher Self-Effica-cy. https://doi.org/10.1177/00131245211062528
- Noor, S., Tajik, O., Golzar, J., (2022). Simple Random Sampling. https://doi.org/10.22034/ijels.2022.162982
- Oppermann, E., & Lazarides, R. (2021). Ele-mentary school teachers' self-efficacy, stu-dent-perceived support, and students’ mathematics interest. Teaching and Teacher Education, 103, 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2021.103351
- Peng, W., Nair, S., M., (2022). Teachers' Partic-ipation in Decision-Making, Professional Growth, Appraisal, and Behavioral Inten-tions in the Promotion System Reform in Chinese Universities. Vol. 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.932324
- Poth, C., & Munce, S. E. P. (2020). Commen-tary—Preparing today’s researchers for a yet unknown tomorrow: Promising prac-tices for a synergistic and sustainable mentoring approach to mixed methods research learning. International Journal of Multiple Research Approaches, 12(1), 56-64. https://doi.org/10.29034/ijmra.v12n1commentary
- Praetorius, A., K., Klieme, E., Herbert, B., Ping-er, P., (2018). Generic dimensions ofteach-ing quality: the German framework of Three Basic Dimensions. ZDM Mathemat-ics Education 50, 407–426 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11858-018-0918-4
- Salkind, N. J. (Ed.) (2010). Encyclopedia of re-search design. SAGE Publications, Inc., https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412961288
- Shikokoti, H., Okoth, P., Chepkonga, S., (2023). Influence of Principals' Involvement of Teachers in Decision Making on Teach-ers' Job Satisfaction in Public Secondary Schools in Kakamega County, Kenya. https://doi.org/10.7176/JEP/14-20-03
- Soto, M., & Rojas, O. (2019). Self-efficacy and job satisfaction as antecedents of citizen-ship behavior in private schools. Interna-tional Journal of Management in Educa-tion, 13(1), 82 - 96. https://doi.org/10.1504/IJMIE.2019.096472
- Smith, (2022). Promote a Positive School Envi-ronment. https://www.ontario.ca/page/promote-positive-school-environ-ment#:~:text=A%20positive%20school%20climate%20exists,a%20culture%20of%20mutual%20respect
- Tay, L. Y., Ramachandran, k., Ong, W. L. M., and Towndrow, P. A. (2021). Empower-ment through distributed leadership in reconciliating tensions and dilemmas in teacher professional development. Teach. Dev. 25, 647–668. https://doi.org/10.1080/13664530.2021.1939133
- Timans, R., Wouters, P., Heilbron, JJT., (2019). Mixed methods research: What it is and what it could be? 2019; 48(2): 193-216. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/332084768_Mixed_methods_research_what_it_is_and_what_it_could_be
- Thomas, L., (2022). Simple Random Sampling | Definition, Steps & Examples. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/simple-random-sampling/
- Tongco, M. D. C. (2007). Purposive Sampling as a Tool for Informant Selection. Ethno-botany Research and Applications, 5, 147–158. https://ethnobotanyjournal.org/index.php/era/article/view/126
- Velasco, X. A., and Malacaste, J. B. (2021). Sense of Self-Efficacy in using English as a Medium of Instruction: A Case of Teachers of Subjects other than English in various Philippine Faculties. i-manager's Journal on English Language Teaching, 11(4), 47-55. https://doi.org/10.26634/jelt.11.4.18024
- Vijayamohan, P., (2023). Purposive Sampling 101: Definition, Types, and Examples. https://surveysparrow.com/blog/purposive-sampling/
- Wahab, J., A., Mansor, A., Z., Hussin, M., Ku-marasamy, S., (2020). Headmasters' In-structional Leadership and Its Relation-ship with Teachers Performance. Univer-sal Journal of Educational Research, 8(11A), 97 - 102. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.082112.
- Wang, Y., Derakhshan, A., & Zhang, L. J. (2021). Researching and practicing posi-tive psychology in second/foreign lan-guage learning and teaching: The past, current status, and future directions. Frontiers in Psychology, 12(1), 731721. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.731721
- Widodo, Widodo, Gustari, I., & Chandrawaty, C. (2022). Adversity Quotient Promotes Teachers’ Professional Competence More Strongly Than Emotional Intelligence: Ev-idence from Indonesia. Journal of Intelli-gence, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence10030044
- Zulkosky, K., MSN, RN, CCRN, (2009). Self-Efficacy: A Concept Analysis. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1744-6198.2009.00132.x