Human Resources Practices for Physically Challenged Employees: Basis for Intervention Program
Ricardo Jimenez
Discipline: Human Resources Management
Abstract:
This study aimed to determine the relationship of level of
practices like skills, educational attainment, age, and sex of
Physically Challenged People (PCPs) that may affect hiring
preferences in the BPO Industry and create intervention programs
for Human Resource Practitioners. Theories on Skills Approached
by Robert Katz and Kurt Fischer and Zheng Yan on dynamic skills
that recognize cognitive abilities as a necessary qualification for a
disabled person are the basis of the study. This study used the
mixed-method design- Concurrent Analysis, which consists of Two
Phases, The Quantitative Phase, which uses the tool Frequencies,
Sums, Average, and Multiple Regression, and the Qualitative
Phase, which uses the Coding and thematic analysis along with the
synthesis of triangulation technique. A total of ten skills that a
PWD must develop, preferred formal education, and disabilities
that employers may still consider employable through private
agencies' Human Resource Officers, Managers, and Supervisors
were analyzed. Discrimination exists despite the presence of Local
Laws in conjunction with International Laws on PWD, particularly
on age and disability. Communication and teamwork and the
ability to analyze practical computer applications are required
soft and hard skills, and the researcher crafted the PCP’s program
for physically challenged people and the PCP’s recruitment and
selection process, respectively.
References:
- Alson, J. N. et al (2019). Factors Affecting Employability of Persons with Disabilities. University of Perpetual Help System Dalta, Calamba City, Laguna Philippines.
- Alvi, S. (2018). Impact of Recruitment & Selection Processes on Employee Performance: A study on telecom industry of Pakistan. Retrieved from slideshare.net:access December 4
- Arce, A. K. (2018). Deaf-gain in the Philippines: Assessing attitudes toward hiring deaf employees (Unpublished Master’s thesis). Gallaudet University, Washington, U.S.A.
- Amadeo, K. (2018 April 29). Why trickle down economic works in theory but not in fact. The Balance. Accessed September 6, 2018 from https://www.the-balance.com/what-is-the-laffer-curve-explanation-3305566.
- Angeles, P. (2016 December 2). RA 10754: 5 things to know about the expanded privileges for PWDs and the benefits it provides. International Business Times. Accessed September 6, 2018 from http://www.ibtimes.ph/repub-lic-act-10754-expanded-privileges-person-disability-pwd-benefits-5158.
- Armstrong, M. (2016). A handbook of Human Resource Management Practice. Published by Kogan Page Limited. 10th edition.
- Asian Development Bank (2016) : Disabled People and Development Philippine Country Report https://think-asia.org/bitstream/handle/11540/6142/Disabled%20people%20and%20development%20-%20Philippines%20country%20report%20Jun05.pdf?sequence=1
- Barbra M. et al (2014):The Attitudes of Employers and Co-Workers towards the Employment of Persons with Disabilities in Zimbabwe retrieved from https://www.arcjournals.org/pdfs/ijmsr/v2-i3/2.pdf
- Boehm S., and Dwertmann D., (2018) Forging a Single-Edged Sword: Facilitating Positive Age and Disability Diversity Effects in the Workplace Through Leadership, Positive Climates, and HR Practices https://academic.oup.com/workar/article-abstract/1/1/41/1664799
- Burkus, D.(2010) STYLE THEORY: https://davidburkus.com/2010/02/style-theory/
- Bhattacharyya, A. (2018). Recruitment and Seletion Process. Annamalai University, Directorate of Distance Education .
- Baskhar, C. (2017). Human Resource Management. New Delhi, India: Sterling Publishers Ltd.
- Berkeley. (2018). Guide of Managing Human resource. Retrieved from Berkeley Education: https://hr.berkeley.edu/hr-network/central-guide-managing-hr
- Business Dictionary.Internal recruitment. Retrieved from Internal Recruitment Business Dictionary
- Business Dictionary. Employee Selection. Retrieved from employee selection. Business Dictionary.com: http://www.businessdictionary.com/definition/employeeselection.html
- Carol Lee (2018) THE IMPORTANCE OF LEGAL COMPLIANCE http://www.compliancetools.co.za/ComplianceInABox/ImportanceOfLegalCompliance.aspx
- Carey, Malcom (2017). Qualitative Reseach for Social Science. Theory and Practice. London. Rotledge
- Campbell, D. T. (2018). Social Attitudes and Other Acquired Behavioral Dispositions
- Check J., Schutt R. K. Survey research. In: J. Check, R. K. Schutt., editors. Research methods in education. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications; 2012. pp. 159-185.
- Crouse, E.R. (2017). The cross and reaganomics: Conservative Christians defending Ronald Reagan. Rowman & Littlefield.
- Chaffer C., & Jill W. (2017) An evaluation of competency development in accounting trainees. http://web.a.ebscohost.com/ehost/detail/detail?vid=0&sid=69d8c3f0-0f50-4f51-9cd2-8c72718a9a14%40sdc-v-sessmgr01&bdata=JnNpdGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#AN=125437070&db=tfh
- Chi, C. G., & Qu, H. (2018). Integrating persons with disabilities into the workforce: A study on employment of people in food service industry. International Journal of Tourism and Hospitality Administration, 4(4), 59-83. doi:10.1300/J149v04n04_04
- Dass, Apama (2017). Best Practices in Employment of People with Disabilities in the Private Sector in India. American India Foundation. New Delhi, India. Retrieved from aif.org/wpcontent/uploads/2015/03/DisabilityManual_3-2015.pdf
- Delaney P.R. and O. Ray Whittington O.R. (2011). Wiley CPA exam review 2011, business environment and concepts. New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc.
- DenzinV., 2017 A Theoretical Introduction to Sociological Methods. https://www.taylorfrancis.com/books/9781315134543
- Division for Social Policy Development (2016). Toolkit on Disability : The right of Persons with Disabilities to work. Retrieve from https://www.un.org/esa/socdev/documents/disability/Toolkit/Rights-Persons-with-DisabilitiestoWork.pdf
- DOH (2018 July 13). Issues Guidelines for Discounts to Persons with Disabilities.
- Dovio, John F. et al (2017). Prejudice, Stereotyping and Discrimination. Retrieved from: https://sk.sagepub.com/reference/hdbk_prejudicestereotypediscrim
- Erickson, W., Lee, C., & Von Schrader, S. (2017). Disability Status Report: United States,
- UNESCAP (2018) Building Disability-Inclusive Societies in Asia and the Pacific Report https://www.unescap.org/sites/default/files/publications/SDD%20BDIS%20report%20A4%20v14-5-E.pdf
- Fischer, K., and Yan, Zheng (2017) : Dynamic Skill Theory : https://lecticalive.org/about/fischer#gsc.tab=0
- Fujimori, M., Shirai, Y., Mariko, A., Kaoru, K., Noriyuki, K. and Yosuke, Y. (2014). Effect of communication skills training program for oncologists based on patient preferences for communication when receiving bad news: A randomized controlled trial. Journal of clinical oncology. Official Journal of the American Society of Clinical Oncology. 2014;32:2166–2172. Accessed June 9, 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/24912901.
- Fujimoto, Y., Rentschler, R., Le, H., Edwards, D. and Härtel, C.E. (2018), “Lessons learned from community organizations: inclusion of people with disabilities and others”,British Journal of Management, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 518-537
- Foster, D. (2017), “Legal obligation or personal lottery? Employee experiences of disability and the negotiation of adjustments in the public sector workplace”,Work, Employment & Society, Vol. 21No. 1, pp. 67-84.
- Fraser V., Marcella R., and Middleton I., (2017) Employee perceptions of knowledge sharing: Employment threat or synergy for the greater good? A case study. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1002/(SICI)1520-6386(200032)11:2%3C39::AID-CIR7%3E3.0.CO;2-J
- Gatchalian, E., Bulahao J., Boyayao, F., Cataina, M., Cumilang, J., Dulnuan, J., Salaguban, P., (2016) Dimensions of Filipino Employers Attitudes in hiring Persons with Disability.Philippine Journal of Psychology. https://www.pap.org.ph/sites/default/files/upload/pjp2014-47-2-pp27-64gatchalianbulahaoboyayaocatainacumilangdulnuansalagubandimensions_of_filipino_employers_attitudes_in_hiring_persons_with_disability.pdf
- Gilbride, D., Stensrud, R., Vandergoot, D., Golden, K. (2016). Identification of the Characteristics of Work Environments and Employers Open to Hiring and Accommodating People with Disabilities. Rehabilitation Counseling Bulletin, 46(3), p130-137. Retrieved from http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.604.2145&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Gigli, M. (2019). Retrieved from External Recruitment Advantages and disadvantages study.com
- Greider, W. (2016). The education of David Stockman and other Americans. New York: Dutton.
- Graffam, J., Shinkfield, A., Smith, K., & Polzin, U. (2018). Factors that influence employer decisions in hiring and retaining an employee with a disability. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 17(3), 175- 181.
- Guzman, S. (2018). QC urges gov’t offices to hire PWDs. Philippine Information Agency. Retrieved from https://pia.gov.ph/news/articles/1010592
- Gusdorf, M. (2016). Recruitment and Selection. Hiring the Right Person. USA: SHRM Academic Initiatives
- Gurbuz, S., (2019): “The effect of high-performance HR practices on employees job satisfaction”, Istanbul University Journal of the School of Business Administration Cilt/Vol:38, Sayı/No:2, 2009, 110-123 ISSN: 1303-1732.
- Hanafi,M.(2016) Impact of Employee Skills on Service Performance Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/330015371_Impact_of_Employee_Skills_on_Service_Performance
- Herson, K., (2021). Seven Reasons Why Hiring People With Disabilities Is Good For Business. Retrieved from: https://www.forbes.com/sites/forbesbusinesscouncil/2021/12/03/seven-reasons-why-hiring-people-with-disabilities-is-good-for-business/?sh=69ac29901832
- Imperial, M.F. (2017 September 26). The benefits of hiring PWDs, as told by companies. Vera Files. Accessed August 20, 2018 from http://verafiles.org/articles/benefits-hiring-pwds-told-companies.
- Implementing Rules and Regulations of Republic Act 10524. An act expanding the positions reserved for persons with disability, amending for the purpose Republic Act no. 7277, as amended, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for Persons with Disability).
- Investopedia(2020): Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) retrieved from https://www.investopedia.com/terms/b/business-process-outsourcing.asp
- Ithaca NY: Cornell University Employment and Disability Institute.
- Jasper C., (2018) Employer attitudes on hiring employees with disabilities in the leisure and hospitality industry: Practical and theoretical implications https://www.emeraldinsight.com/doi/abs/10.1108/09596111311322934
- Jans, L., Kaye, H. S., & Jones, E. C. (2012). Getting hired: Successfully employed people with disabilities offer advice on disclosure, interviewing, and job search. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 22, 155–165. Retrieved from Https:// 10.1007/s10926-011-9336-y
- Jose A(2016) Mixed Method research: An opportunity to improve our studies and our research skills. Retrieved from: https://www.elsevier.es/en-revista-european-journal-management-business-economics-487-pdf-S244484511630012X
- Kaye,H.S (2017). The impact of the 2007-09 recession on workers disabilities. Monthly Labor Review (October 2010)
- Markel, K et al (2016) Addressing the Underemployment of Persons with Disabilities: Recommendations for Expanding Organizational Social Responsibility retrieved from https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s10672-009-9125-3
- Khan, M. A., (2020): “Effects of the Human Resource Management Practices on Performance – An Empirical Study of Oil and Gas Industry in Pakistan”, European Journal of Economics, Finance and Administrative Sciences.
- Labor Market Intelligence Report (2020): https://tesda.gov.ph/Uploads/File/LMIR%202020/LMIR%20Issue%20No.%201,%20s.%202020%20-%20Enabling%20the%20Disabled.pdf
- Levosada, L. (2017 August 17). Employment of PWDs. Accessed September 6, 2918 from https://www.pwc.com/ph/en/tax-wise-or-otherwise/2017/employment-of-pwds.html.
- Macaranas, F. (2016). Lifelong learning in the Philippines. ILO Subregional Office for South-East Asia and the Pacific. Manila: International Labour Organization. ISBN: 9789221205234 ; 9789221205241 (pdf) ; 9789221205258 (CD-ROM). Available online at http://www.oit.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---asia/---ro-bangkok/---ilo-manila/documents/publication/wcms_126138.pdf.
- McCary, K. (2020). The Disability Twist in Diversity: Best Practices for Integrating People with Disabilities into the Workforce [Electronic version]. Diversity Factor, 13(3), p.16-22. Retrieved from http://search.ebscohost.com
- Moscoso, C.M.D. (2017). The expanded scope of reserved positions for PWDs. The Philippine Star. Accessed August 19, 2018 from https://www.philstar.com/business/2016/12/27/1657013/expanded-scope-reserved-positions-pwds.
- Mina, C. D. (2018). Employment of Persons with Disabilities (PWDs) in the Philippines: The Case of Metro Manila and Rosario, Batangas. Philippine Institute for Development Studies
- Mansour, M. (2018). Employers’ attitudes and concerns about the employment of disabled people. Proceedings of the Asia-Pacific Business Research Conference (pp. 1-11). Australia: World Business Institute. Retrieved from www.wbiconpro.com/index.html Martz, E., &Fujimoto, Y., Rentschler, R., Le, H., Edwards, D. and Härtel, C.E. (2014), “Lessons learned fromcommunity organizations: inclusion of people with disabilities and others”,British Journal ofManagement, Vol. 25 No. 3, pp. 518-537
- Meacham, H., and Cavanagh, J., (2017) HRM practices that support the employment and social inclusion of workers with an intellectual disability, Griffith University, Personnel Review, Vol. 46 Issue: 8, pp.1475-1492, https://doi.org/10.1108/PR-05-2016-0105.
- Mello, J. (2017). Strategic Human Resource Management.Stamford USA: Cengage Learning
- National Statistics Office (2000) Cen sus 2000 Bulacan https://psa.gov.ph/sites/default/files/BULACAN%20.pdf
- National Council on Disability Affairs - NCDA (2017). Philippine results-based monitoring and evaluation framework on disability. Accessed September 4, 2018 from http://www.ncda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads//2017/01/DID_Operational-Framework-1.pdf.
- National Council on Disability Affairs – NCDA (1992 March 24). Implementing rules and regulations of R.A 7277.https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/implementing-rules-and-regulations-irr/irr-of-ra-7277/.
- National Council on Disability Affairs – NCDA (2005) Mention on disability in 1987 Philippine Constitution https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/executive-orders/executive-order-no-417/
- National Council on Disability Affairs. (2009-2012). About Us. Retrieved from: https://www.ncda.gov.ph/about/
- National Council on Disability Affairs. (2009-2012). Disability Laws. Retrieved from: https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/
- Nelissen, P., Hülsheger, U., Gemma,. M.C. Ruitenbeek V.,& Zijlstra, F., (2015): How and when stereotypes relate to inclusive behavior toward people with disabilities retrieved from: https://sci-hub.se/https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2015.1072105
- Noe, R., Hollenbeck, J., Gerhart, B., & Wright, P. (2018). Human Resource Management (9e). In Human Resource Management: Gaining Competitive Advantage. McGraw-Hill Education
- Olson, D., Cioffi, A., Yovanoff, P. & Mank, D. (2017). Employer’s perceptions of employees with mental retardation. Journal of Vocational Rehabilitation, 16, 125-133.
- Odhiam K., (2016) Effects of perception and attitude on work behavior https://www.academia.edu/23700477/effects_of_perception_and_attitude_on_work_behaviour
- Omar, K, et al ( 2022) Can we get a job? employability skills acquisition during educational experience of student with disability retrieved from :https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijssr/article/view/17583/9276
- Pandey K.,(2018) A Study Of Practices Of Select It & Bpo Companies To Leverage On Skills Of People With Disabilities Retrieved from https://www.iosrjournals.org/iosr-jbm/papers/Conf.ADMIFMS1808- 2018/Volume-3/6.%2039-42.pdf
- Perry D. (2018). Disability issues in the employment and social protection. ILO Bangkok. [Internet]. [cited 2009 Jun 09] Available from: http://www.adb.org/Documents/Events/2002/Disability_Development/perry_pape r.pdf
- Pettinicchio, D., & Maroto, M. (2017). Employment outcomes among men and women with disabilities: how the intersection of gender and disability status shapes labor market inequality. InFactors in Studying Employment for Persons with Disability. Emerald Publishing Limited. Retrieved from: https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijssr/article/view/17583/9276
- Philippine Constitution, § 13-13 (1987)
- Philippine Institute of Development Studies – PIDS ( 2018 January). Employment of Persons with Disabilities in the Philippines: The Case of Metro Manila and Sto Rosario Batangas. https://dirp4.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1313.pdf
- Philippine Statistics Authority(2018): Persons with Disability in the Philippines: https://psa.gov.ph/content/persons-disability-philippines-results-2010-census
- Philippines Today(2014): Bulacan:PWD Friendly Province https://www.philippinestoday.net/archives/17409.
- Philippine Statistics Authority. National Disability Prevalence Survey / Model Functioning Survey 2016
- Rall J., Reed J.B. and Essex A. (2016 December 15). Employing people with disabilities. Accessed August 23, 2018 from http://www.ncsl.org/research/labor-and-employment/employing-people-with-disabilities.aspx.
- Republic Act No. 10911(2019) or the Anti-Age Discrimination in Employment Act. Retrieved from https://www.dole.gov.ph/news/working-seniors-pwds-entitled-to-labor-standards/
- Republic Act No. 7277 (1992 March 24). An act providing for the rehabilitation, self-development and self-reliance of disabled persons and their integration into the mainstream of society and for other purposes. https://www.ncda.gov.ph/disability-laws/republic-acts/republic-act-7277/
- Republic Act No. 10524. (2013 April 23). An act expanding the positions reserved for persons with disability, amending for the purpose Republic Act no. 7277, as amended, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for persons with disability.
- Republic Act No. 10754 (2016 March 23). An act expanding the benefits and privileges of persons with disability (PWD). Section 32 of Republic Act No. 7277, as amended, otherwise known as the Magna Carta for Persons with Disability is hereby further amended.
- Riesena T., Morgana R.L. & Griffin, B.C. (2018). Customized employment: A review of the literature. Accessed August 22, 2018 from http://www.worksupport.com/documents/jvr_customized_employment_lit_review.pdf.
- Ritchie, J., Lewis, J., Nicholls, C. M., & Ormston, R. (Eds.). (2018). Qualitative research practice: A guide for social science students and researchers. New York: Sage.
- Robert,K (2017) : Leadership Skill Approach: https://www.tlu.ee/~sirvir/Leadership/Leadership%20Models/skills_approach_robert_katz.html
- Salaman, G., Story, J., & Billsberry, J. (2018). Strategic Human Resource Management: Theory and Practices. Sage Publication Ltd.USA
- Santili,S et al ( 2018) Decent Work and Social Inclusion for People with Disability and Vulnerability: From the Soft Skills to the Involvement of the Context retrieved from https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-319-91968-3_17.
- Scharp, Y., Et al (2019) : Daily Playful Work Design: A Trait Activation Perspective. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp. 2019.103850
- See C.M., (2011) Employment of people with disabilities in Malaysia drivers and inhibitors https://www.academia.edu/883162/EMPLOYMENT_OF_PEOPLE_WITH_DISABILITIES_IN_MALAYSIA_DRIVERS_AND_INHIBITORS
- Sedfrey M., Candelaria, S., Dinopol, V., Gust, G., Lacson, R., Lopez, J., Medina Jr., C. & Sevilla, E. (2017). The road to empowerment: strengthening the indigenous peoples rights act volume 1: New ways, old challenges. Manila, International Labour Office.
- Sirug W., (2015) – Basic Probability and Statistics. Schur L.,Nishii L., Adya M.,Kruse D., Bruyère S., and Blanck P. (2017) Accommodating EmployeesWithandWithoutDisabilities,https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1002/hrm.21607
- Schoenfeld-Tacher R., Persichitte K. (2000) Differential Skills and Competencies.
- Thangthong, S., Agahi, H. (2018). The Effects of Human Resource Management Practices on Employee Service Quality in Thailand’s Chained-Brand Hotel. IOSR Journal of Business and Management (IOSR-JBM).e-ISSN: 2278- 487X, p-ISSN: 2319-7668. Volume 20, Issue 3. Ver. IX (March. 2018), PP 56-71. www.iosrjournals.org
- Team Orange (2018) : BPO Recognized For Hiring PWDs Retrieved from https://orangemagazine.ph/2018/bpo-recognized-for-hiring-pwds/.
- Torralba,R (2017) The benefits of hiring PWDs, as told by companies retrieved from https://verafiles.org/articles/benefits-hiring-pwds-told-companies
- United Nations – Department of Economic and Social Affairs Disability (2007) https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/resources/factsheet-on-persons-with-disabilities/disability-and-employment.html.
- United Nations (2016)- Disability Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities 2016 https://www.un.org/development/desa/disabilities/convention-on-the-rights-of-persons-with-disabilities.html
- U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commision.(2011) Experts give EEoc Range ofView on leave as reasonable accomodation from .http://ww.eeoc.nov/eeoc/newsroom/release/6-8-11b.cfm
- Verulava, T., & Bedianashvili, G. (2021). Work Inclusion of Persons with Disabilities: Employers’ Perspectives.Calitatea,22(182), 159–163. Retrieved from: https://myjms.mohe.gov.my/index.php/ijssr/article/view/17583/9276
- Willot J., & Stevenson J. (2018) Attitudes to Employment of Professionally Qualified Refugees in the United Kingdom.
- Wehman, P., Revell, W. G. & Brooke, V. (2018). Competitive Employment: Has it become the “first choice” yet? Journal of Disability Policy Studies, 14(3), 163-173.
- World Health Organization WHO Policy on the Employment of Persons with Disabilities (2017). https://www.who.int/disabilities/policies/documents/who_policy_disability.pdf
- World Bank Report on Disability Inclusion (2021) https://www.worldbank.org/en/topic/disability#1
- W. Alex Edmonds & T. Kennedy(2017) An Applied Guide to Research Designs: Quantitative, Qualitative, and Mixed Methods retrieved from https://methods.sagepub.com/book/an-applied-guide-to-research-designs-2e/i1245.xml
- Zulfqar, A. B., Sharif, B., Saeed, A., and Niazi, M.K., (2018): “Impact of human resource practices on employee perceived performance in the banking sector of Pakistan,” African Journal of Business Management Vol. 6(1), pp. 323-332