Socialist Feminism in the Select Poems of Maya Angelou
Zoraida A. Cacas | Raymark Anthony P Saluria
Discipline: American and Australasian studies
Abstract:
Maya Angelou is one of the most inspirational African-American poets, novelists, activists, and
feminists, who has also been recognized as a prominent and influential voice in literature. This study aimed
to engage in an analytical investigation of socialist feminism in the select poems of Maya Angelou using
biographical approach and Johannna Brenner’s socialist feminism perspective. The select poems included
Woman Work, Alone, On Working White Liberals, When You Come to Me, When I Think about Myself and
Caged Bird. The research method of textual analysis was used in the literary investigation of the select
poems. The study revealed that Maya Angelou had a challenging and colorful life. Her range of experiences
from childhood to adulthood had influenced how she wrote. Her vision and legacy as mirrored in her works
especially in her poetry continue to inspire others to fight for equality of all forms in the society. It was also
found out that there are a number of significant factors that aided in the development of her work as a writer
and a poet. Her life experiences along with her education recreated the way she saw the world. The sociocultural environment in Arkansas during her period also contributed to her profound writings. The salient
characteristics of socialist feminism of Brenner such as representation of women, images of women at home
and in the workplace and role of women in the society are highly evident in her body of work. As a socialist
feminist, Brenner yearns to end the exploitation of women at home, in the workplace, and in the community.
Since this research found out that Angelou is regarded a socialist feminist, it is recommended to analyze
other types of feminism such as eco-feminism, liberal, and radical feminism to explore other salient
characteristics of feminism embedded in Angelou’s works.
References:
- Angelou, M. (1981). Heart of a Woman.
- Angelou, M. (1969). I Know Why the Caged Bird Sings.Random House, Inc., 1969.
- Biography, B. C. (2013). The Biography Channel website.
- Brenner, J. (2014). 21st Century Socialist-Feminism.The Journal of the Society for Socialist Studies. Portland State University. ISSN 1918‐2821
- Brenner, J. (2000). Women and the Politics of Class. Monthly Review Press. Retrieved from http://sdonline.org/31/women-and-the-politics-of-class/
- DeGout, Y.Y. (2009). The Poetry of Maya Angelou: Liberation Ideology and Technique. In Bloom's Modern Critical Views—Maya Angelou, Harold Bloom, ed. Infobase Publishing, pp. 121–132. ISBN 978-1-60413-177-2
- DuBois, E. C. (1998). The Nineteenth-Century Woman Suffrage Movement and the Analysis of Women’s Oppression. In Woman Suffrage and Women’s Rights (pp. 68-80). New York University Press.
- Egan, J. (2009). Maya Angelou: A Creative and Courageous Voice. Gareth Stevens Publishing LLLP.
- Ehrenreich, B. (1978). Contemporary Feminism and Socialist Movements. Australian Left Review, 1(63), 8-16.Ehrenreich, Barbara. “What is Socialist Feminism”, 1976. Retrieved from http://www.uic.edu/orgs/cwluherstory/CWLUArchive/socialfem.html
- Eisenstein, Z.R. (1979). Capitalist Patriarchy and the Case for Socialist Feminism. Monthly Review Press.
- Ellis, F. H. (1951). Gray's Elegy: The Biographical Problem in Literary Criticism. Pmla, 66(6), 971-1008.
- Ghani, M., & Naz, B. (2007). Race, Feminism and Representation-An Inquiry into Maya Angelou's Poetry. International Research Journal of Arts & Humanities, 35, 95-106.
- Gordon, L. (2013). Socialist Feminism: The Legacy of the “Second Wave”. New Labor Forum (Vol. 22, No. 3, pp. 20-28). Sage CA: Los Angeles, CA: SAGE Publications.
- Graf, H. (2012). A Very Short Summary of Socialist Feminist: Theory and Practice. Feminism Socialist.
- Guerin, W. L., Labor, E., Morgan, L., Reesman, J., & Willingham, J. R. (2011). A Handbook of Critical Approaches to Literature. Oxford University Press.
- Hochschild, A. R. (1979). Emotion work, feeling rules, and social structure. American journal of sociology, 85(3), 551-575.
- Kennedy, X. J., and D. Gioia. (1995). Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, and Drama (Sixth Edit; D. Williams, ed.).
- Kite, L. P. (2006). Maya Angelou. Lerner Publications.
- Kuhn, A., & Wolpe, A. (2013). Feminism and Materialism. In Feminism and Materialism (RLE Feminist Theory) (pp. 1-10). Routledge.
- Mitchell, J. (1972). “Women’s State”. New York: Random House.
- Pranka, M. (2015). The Biographical Approach in the Analysis of the Individual and Social Aspects of Biographical Disruption. Summary of the Doctoral Thesis.
- Praseedha, G. (2010). In Search of a Black Female Self: A Sudy of the Autobiographies and Select Works of Zora Neale Hurston and Maya Angelou.
- Shumaker, W.(1965). “An Approach to Poetry”. United States of America: Prentice-Hall, Inc., Englewood Cliffs, N.J.
- Stuart, D. R. (1922). Biographical criticism of Vergil since the Renaissance. Studies in Philology, 19(1), 1-30.
- Todd, J. (1983) “Women Writers Talking”. Holmes and Meier Publishers.
- Washington, E.B. (2002). "A Song Flung Up to Heaven". Black Issues Book Review 4 (2).
- Young, Iris M. (2005). "Socialist Feminism and the Limits of Dual Systems Theory." In Theorizing Feminisms:A Reader. Edited by Elizabeth Hackett and Sally Haslanger. Oxford University Press.
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2984-8385 (Online)
ISSN 2984-8288 (Print)