Home⇛The PCMC Journal⇛vol. 20 no. 1 (2024)

Impact of the COVID-19 Pandemic on children diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted in a tertiary pediatric hospital

Camille S Cantalejo | Lorna R Abad

Discipline: medicine by specialism

 

Abstract:

OBJECTIVES: This study aims to determine the effect of the COVID-19 pandemic on the incidence, severity, and outcome of children diagnosed with diabetic ketoacidosis admitted in a tertiary pediatric hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Two groups were identified as the basis for classification: pre-pandemic (2017 to 2019) and COVID-19 pandemic (2020 to 2022). The Mann?Whitney U test was utilized to test for the differences in continuous variables, while Pearson’s chi?squared test was used to test for differences in categorical variables. RESULTS: The study involved 136 participants, 63 of whom were recorded in the pre-pandemic period and 73 during the COVID-19 pandemic period. Data revealed no conclusive relationship between sex (p=0.578), age (p=0.225), or height (p=0.876) across the two time frames. However, data showed significant difference between the weight (p=0.007) and BMI (p=0.003) of children with DKA pre-pandemic and during pandemic. This implies that marked changes in weight and BMI reflect possible changes in health behaviors, healthcare access, or other variables that may have altered during the COVID-19 pandemic. Furthermore, there was no discernible difference between pre-pandemic and COVID-19 in terms of severity, incidence, or the amount of time between the onset of symptoms and consultation. CONCLUSION: The demographic and clinical characteristics of patients with DKA across the two study periods indicate a degree of stability in patient profiles. Despite the unique circumstances of the pandemic, patient outcomes in terms of glycemic control and mortality were like those observed pre-pandemic. The significant difference in weight and BMI emphasizes how crucial it is to monitor and respond to modifications in the nutritional status and metabolic health of DKA patients during times of crisis, like the COVID-19 pandemic. Comprehending these changes can provide focused treatments aimed at promoting the best possible health outcomes for susceptible patient groups.



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