Towards a Communist Armed Conflict Indigenous Settlement Framework: Revisiting Vietnam, Singapore, and Taiwan Experience
Jose Mari C. Jasmin
Discipline: social sciences (non-specific)
Abstract:
Armed conflicts between governments and indigenous inhabitants in Singapore, Taiwan, and
Vietnam have deep roots in historical tensions and the marginalization of minority groups. This qualitative
study explores these factors and evaluates government strategies for conflict resolution, focusing on
disparities in settlement, education, employment, and community engagement. Government actions such as
military operations, peacebuilding, and comprehensive programs were analyzed. Singapore's strategies,
including community engagement and socio-economic development, fostered stability and inclusivity.
Taiwan's reconciliation efforts, including apologies and democratization, reduced conflict and promoted
indigenous rights. Vietnam's initiatives for ethnic minority development underscored its commitment to
peace through inclusive approaches. Historical contexts in these countries, marked by ethnic tensions,
colonial legacies, and ideological divisions, shaped significant violence and social divisions, necessitating
robust security measures and reconciliation efforts. Lessons learned emphasize diplomacy, international
cooperation, and socio-economic integration for lasting peace. Governments must prioritize dialogue,
inclusive policies, and sustainable development supported by international partnerships. Effective conflict
resolution integrates socioeconomic development and reconciliation efforts, crucial for building resilient
societies and fostering peace among Indigenous populations.
References:
- Allen, L., & Louis, W. R. (1993). Singapore 1942: End of Empire. Routledge. https://unesdoc.unesco.org/ark:/48223/pf0000211328
- Bayly, C., & Harper, T. (2005). Forgotten Armies: The Fall of British Asia, 1941-1945. Harvard University Press.
- Bendavid, E., Boerma, T., Akseer, N., Langer, A., Malembaka, E. B., Okiro, E. A., Wise, P. H., Heft-Neal, S., Black, R. E., Bhutta, Z. A., Bhutta, Z., Black, R., Blanchet, K., Boerma, T., Gaffey, M., Langer, A., Spiegel, P., Waldman, R., & Wise, P. (2021). The effects of armed conflict on the health of women and children. The Lancet, 397(10273), 522–532. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00131-8
- Cederman, L.-E., Gleditsch, K. S., & Wucherpfennig, J. (2017). Predicting the decline of ethnic civil war: Was Gurr right and for the right reasons? Journal of Peace Research, 54(2), 262–274. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343316684191
- Dhanabalan, S. (1989). Speech at New Year gathering for community leaders. Singapore. Ministry of Communications and Information (1985-1990). https://www.nas.gov.sg/archivesonline/speeches/record-details/7929bb0b-115d-11e3-83d5-0050568939ad
- Gleditsch, N. P. (1998). Armed conflict and the environment: A critique of the literature. Journal of Peace Research, 35(3), 381–400. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343398035003007
- Greiner, B. (2009). War Without Fronts: The USA in Vietnam. Vintage. https://archive.org/details/warwithoutfronts0000grei
- Harbom, L., Högbladh, S., & Wallensteen, P. (2006). Armed conflict and peace agreements. Journal of Peace Research, 43(5), 617–631. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343306067613
- Harbom, L., & Wallensteen, P. (2005). Armed conflict and its international dimensions, 1946-2004. Journal of Peace Research, 42(5), 623–635. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343305056238
- Karnow, S. (1983). Vietnam: A History. New York: Viking Press.
- Lee, K. Y. (2000). From Third World to First: The Singapore Story: 1965-2000. HarperCollins.
- Lewy, G. (1978). America in Vietnam. Oxford University Press.
- Ma, Y. J. (2008). Memorial service speech for White Terror victims.
- Maynard, J. (2019). Ideology and armed conflict. Journal of Peace Research, 56(5), 635–649. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343319826629
- Myers, R. H., & Lin, M. Y. (2007). The White Terror: Political Repression in Taiwan. University of California Press.
- Nguyen, H. (2015). War and Its Aftermath: The Plight of Vietnam’s Highlanders. University of California Press.
- Pettersson, T., & Wallensteen, P. (2015). Armed conflicts, 1946–2014. Journal of Peace Research, 52(4), 536–550. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022343315595927
- Rummel, R. J. (1997). Statistics of Democide: Genocide and Mass Murder Since 1900. LIT Verlag.
- Sim, J. (2018). Ethnicity and Nationalism in Singapore: A Study of Chinese-Malay Relations. Palgrave Macmillan.
- Stedman, S., et al. (2021). The political and security dimensions of the humanitarian health response to violent conflict. The Lancet, 397 (10273), 511-521.
- https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00130-6
- Tsai, T. (2016). Indigenous Peoples and Land Conflicts: A Study of Taiwan’s Plains Indigenous Groups. Routledge.
- Turse, N. (2013). Kill Anything That Moves: The Real American War in Vietnam. Picador.
- Vietnam War Crimes Working Group. (1971). Reports and investigations.
- Yoram Dinstein (2012). The Principle of Distinction and Cyber War in International Armed Conflicts. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 17 (2), 261–277. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/krs015
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2984-8385 (Online)
ISSN 2984-8288 (Print)