Home⇛International Research Journal of Science, Technology, Education, and Management⇛vol. 3 no. 1 (2023)

Nursing mothers: Adverse events following immunization and its implication for counselling

Kikelomo O. Adubi | Bolanle M. Oyundoyin | Adijat M. Ariyo | R. A. Adekunbi | Abolanle O. Lasode

Discipline: counselling, psychotherapy and occupational therapy

 

Abstract:

Vaccines approved for routine childhood immunization are safe and effective but sometimes there are Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI) which often result in ill health, various forms of deformities when it is wrongly administered and eventually forfeiture of public trust in immunization programmes. This study examined Nursing Mothers: Adverse Events Following Immunization and its Implication for Counselling. A multistage sampling procedure was used to choose 300 nursing mothers. Data were collected with the aid of a questionnaire and analyzed using means, frequency counts, percentages, Chi-square, and Pearson Product Moment Correlation (PPMC). Results revealed that the mean age of the respondents was 30 years. Pain or swelling at the injection site (85.7%) was the major existing AEFI. The majority (80.7%) of the respondents were highly knowledgeable about AEFI, while 74.0% had a negative attitude to the incidence of AEFI. The majority (68.7%) had unfavourable perception on the continuation of immunization for their children after an AEFI. The major counselling services available for nursing mothers were adherence to immunization schedules as advised by health counsellors (Mean= 2.67) and pre-counselling for nursing mothers on AEFI before child immunization (Mean =2.63). Correlation results showed that order of birth (r= 0.12), counselling services (r =0.15); awareness of nursing mothers on immunization (r=0.29) had significant relationships (p<0.05) with knowledge of nursing mothers on the AEFI. Also, respondents had high knowledge, negative attitude, and unfavorable perception to the incidence and continuation of immunization for Children after AEFI. In conclusion, order of birth, counselling services, and awareness of nursing mothers on immunization are crucial in shaping nursing mothers’ knowledge on the AEFI. Hence, it was recommended that the Ministry of Health both should facilitate frequent counselling and immunization refresher courses for health counsellors on vaccine safety and how to control AEFI among nursing mothers.



References:

  1. Abdulraheem, I., Onajole, A., & Oladipo A. (2011). Reasons for Incomplete Vaccination and Factors for Missed Opportunities among Rural Nigerian Children. Semanticscholar.org/paper/
  2. Aderibigbe, S.A., Osagbemi, G.K., & Bolarinwa, O.A. (2010). Adverse event following immunization in a Nigerian tertiary health institution. American Journal Science and Industrial Resolution, 1(3), 496-499.
  3. Akunuri, S. & Dayal, A. (2016). What do parents think? Knowledge and awareness about newer vaccines: A cross-sectional study in South Indian City. International Journal of Contemporary Pediatrics.
  4. Baghdadi, L. R., Younis A., Al Suwaidan, H.I., Hassounah M.M., & Al Khalifah R. (2021). Impact of Covid-19 pandemic lockdown on routine childhood immunization: A Saudi Nationwide Cross Sectional Study. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 9, 692877. https://doi.org/10.3389/fped.2021.692877
  5. Bardenheier, B., Yusuf, H., Schwartz, B., Gust, D., Barker, L. Rodewald, L. (2014). Are Parental Vaccine Safety Concerns Associated with Receipt of Measles-Mumps-Rubella, Diphtheria and Tetanus Toxoids with Acellular Pertussis, or Hepatitis B Vaccines by Children? Archives Pediatric Adolescent Medicine, Vol.158, 569-575
  6. Bertakis, K.D. & Azari, R. (2011). Patient-centered care is associated with decreased health care utilization. J Am Board Fam Med, 24, 229-39.
  7. Champion, V. L., & Skinner, C. S. (2008). The health belief model. In K. Glanz, B. K. Rimer, & K. Viswanath (Eds.), Health behavior and health education: Theory, research, and practice (pp. 45-65). San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
  8. Constantine, M., Cremance, T., Juru, T.P., Gerald, S., Notion, G.T., Peter, N., & Mufuta, T. (2018). Evaluation of the Adverse Events Following Immunization Surveillance System in Guruve District, Mashonaland Central 2017. The Pan African Medical Journal, 29. doi: 10.11604/pamj.2018.29.233.14550
  9. Elsevier, B.V. (2023). Health Belief Model. Science Direct, Commentary
  10. Ekwueme, O. (2009). Adverse Events Following Immunization: Knowledge and experience of mothers in immunization centres in Enugu State, Nigeria. International Journal of Medicine and Health Development. DOI: 10.4314/JCM.V14|1.44854
  11. Ghebreyesus, T. A. (2021). Even as countries clamour to get their hands on Covid-19 vaccines… World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/director-general/speeches/detail/even-as-countries-clamour-to-get-their-hands-on-covid-19-vaccines
  12. Immunization Advisory Centre. (2015). Adverse Events Following Immunization (AEFI). University of Auckland. Retrieved from http://www.immune.org.nz/adverse-events-following-immunization-aefi.
  13. John Pope and Adam Husney, (2020). Importance of Immunization. University of Michigan Health. Michigan Medicine.
  14. Kimmel, S.R. (2012). Vaccine adverse events: separating myth from reality. American Family Physician, 66, 2113-2120.
  15. Leask, J., Kinnersley, P., Jackson, C., Cheater, F., Bedford, H., & Rowles, G. (2012). Communicating with parents about vaccination: A framework for health professionals. BMC Pediatrics, 12, 154. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-12-154
  16. Maurici, M., Arigliani, M., Dugo, V., Leo, C., Pettinicchino, V., Arigliani, R., & Franco, E. (2019). Empathy in vaccination counselling: A survey on the impact of a three-day residential course. Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics, 15(3), 682-688. https://doi.org/10.1080/21645515.2018.1554172
  17. Nnenna, T. B., Davidson, U. N., & Babatunde, O. I. (2013). Mothers’ knowledge and perception of Adverse Events Following Immunization in Enugu, South- East, Nigeria. Journal of Vaccines and Vaccination, 4(2), 202.
  18. Ogunyemi, R. A. & Odusanya, O. O. A. (2016). Survey of knowledge and reporting practices of primary healthcare workers on adverse experiences following immunization in Alimosho local government area, Lagos. Nigeria Postgraduate Medicine Journal, 23, 79-85.
  19. Omer, S.B., Salmon, D.A., Orenstein, W.A., deHart, M.P., & Halsey, N. (2014). Vaccine refusal, mandatory immunization, and the risks of vaccine-preventable diseases. New England Journal of Medicine, 360(19), 1981-1988.
  20. Patil, S.P., Tambe, M.P., & Patil, P J. (2015). Effect of immunization counselling skills training in third-year medical students. International Journal of Medical Science Public Health, 4
  21. Sadoh, A.E. & Eregie, C. O. (2017). Continuing barriers to optimum immunization uptake in Nigerian Children: the role of missed immunization opportunities and inappropriately timed immunizations. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 34, 57-61.
  22. Sharma, R. & Bhasin, S. (2008). Routine immunization - Do people know about it? A study among caretakers of children attending pulse polio immunization in East Delhi. Indian Journal of Community Medicine: Official Publication of Indian Association of Preventive & Social Medicine. https://doi.org/10.4103/0970-0218.39240
  23. Simone, B., et al. (2012). Healthcare workers’ role in keeping MMR vaccination uptake high in Europe: A review of evidence. Eurosurveillance, 17(26). WHO. (2013). The guide to tailoring immunization programmes (TIP). Increasing coverage of infant and child vaccination in the WHO European Region.
  24. Shillitoe, R. W. & Christie, M. J. (1989). Determinants of self-care: The health belief model, Holistic Medicine, 4, 3-17.
  25. Tagbo, B.N. & Onwuasigwe, C. (2015). Missed opportunity among children in Enugu. Nigerian Journal of Paediatrics, 32, 73-76.
  26. UNICEF. (2021). Covid-19 pandemic leads to major backsliding on childhood vaccination. https://www.unicef.org.
  27. World Health Organization (2013). Adverse Events Following Immunization
  28. World Health Organization. (2017). World health statistics 2017: Monitoring health for the SDGs, sustainable development goals. https://apps.who.int/iris/handle/10665/255336 (CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 IGO)
  29. World Health Organization. (2018). SAGE issues its 2018 assessment report of the Global Vaccine Action Plan. Immunization, Vaccines and Biologicals. https://www.who.int/immunization/global_vaccine_action_plan/SAGE_GVAP_Assessment_report_2018.pdf
  30. World Health Organization. (2021). Vaccines and Immunization. https://www.who.int/health-topics/vaccines-and-immunization#tab=tab_1.
  31. Zvanaka, S., Tsitsi, J., Chonzi, P., Shambira, G., Gombe, N.T., & Tshimanga, M. (2017). Evaluation of the Adverse Events Following Immunizations surveillance system in Harare City, Zimbabwe, 2016: A descriptive cross-sectional study. Pan African Medical Journal, 28, 308.

Tools


Copyright © 2024  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic