Faith and Fitness: Experiences, Challenges, and Coping Mechanism of Muslim Women Students in Participation in Physical Education Class at Notre Dame of Marbel University
Nerlyn Jane L. Cardinas | Michelle V. Prio | Jene Reven P. Salazar | John Paul S Pendon
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study delved into the experiences, challenges, and coping mechanism
of Muslim women students in their participation in physical education
class at Notre Dame of Marbel University, City of Koronadal, Province
of South Cotabato. Using qualitative descriptive research design, an
in-depth interviews were conducted including transcriptions, identification
of significant statements, creation and organization of concepts to
themes which revealed various factors influencing their participation.
Findings of the study highlights that Muslim women students often participate
in physical education under academic compulsion with some
benefits from teachers being considerate. Positive student-teacher relationship
and social rapport from classmates helps to create more comfortable
experiences for them. However, there were significant challenges
that hinders their participation such as religious restrictions especially
on dance movements, discomfort from high-intensity exercises,
and burden of wearing a layered clothing during physical education classes.
Also, the inadequate facilities, some teachers lack consideration and
struggle maintaining religious practices. Some students shared an experiences
of academic coercion which they feel pressured to participate
despite personal discomfort. Students coping mechanism is to modify
clothes to maintain modesty, minimizing interaction with the opposite
sex, and avoids situation where they feel being judged. Additionally, to
meet academic requirements they seek for reconciliation through
prayer and bringing fans to help alleviate the discomfort. These findings
highlight for more inclusive phyiscal education policies just like dress
code accommodation, inclusive facilities, and culturally aware teaching
strategies which can help foster a more inclusive and supportive physical
education environment where Muslim women student will not compromise
their faith.
References:
- Adu, N., & Aboagye, E. (2021). Barriers and mo-tivators to sports participation for chil-dren in Muslim communities in Ghana. In-ternational Journal of Physical Education, Sports and Health, 8(6), 83-89. Retrieved from https://www.Barriers_and_motiva-tors
- Algorani, E. (2023). Coping mechanisms –StatPearls –NCBI bookshelf. National Cen-ter for Biotechnology Information. Re-trieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK559031/
- Al-Jayyousi, G. F., Abu-Munshar, M. Y., Al-Salim, F., & Osman, E. R. (2019). Addressing con-text to understand physical activity among Muslim university students: the role of gender, family, and culture. BMC Public Health, 19(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-019-6821-3
- Aljehani, N. M., Razee, H., Ritchie, J., Valenzuela, T., Bunde-Birouste, A., & Alkhaldi, G. (2022b). Exploring female university stu-dents’ participation in physical activity in Saudi Arabia: A Mixed-Methods Study. Frontiers in Public Health, 10. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2022.829296
- Araki, K., Kodani, I., et al. (2013). Experiences in sport, physical activity, and physical edu-cation among Christian, Buddhist, and Hindu Asian adolescent girls. J Prev Med Public Health, (Suppl 1):S43-9. DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.2013.46.S.S43. Epub 2013 Jan 30. PMID: 23412952; PMCID: PMC3567318.
- Ashraf, M. A. (2019). Participation of Pakistani Female Students in Physical Activities: Re-ligious, Cultural, and Socioeconomic Fac-tors. Religions, 10(11):617. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10110617
- Benn, T., & Dagkas, S. (2006). Young Muslim Women’s experiences of Islam and physi-cal education in Greece and Britain: a com-parative study. Sports, Education and So-ciety Journal, 11(1), 21-38. Published online Aug 26, 2006. Retrieved from https://www.tandfonline
- Bulinda, H., et al. (2015). Influence of Islam on gender participation in sports among Muslim students in Kenyan Universities. Journal of Physical Education and Sports Management, 6(9), 82-89, December 2015. Retrieved from https://academic-journals.org/journal/jpesm/article-full-text/7772cb356230.com
- Caperchione, C.M., Kolt, G.S., et al. (2011). Phys-ical activity behaviours of Culturally and Linguistically Diverse (CALD) women liv-ing in Australia: A qualitative study of so-cio-cultural influences. BMC Public Health, 11, 26. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-11-26
- Chaabna, K., Mamtani, R., Abraham, et al. (2022). Physical Activity and Its Barriers and Facilitators among University Stu-dents in Qatar: A Cross-Sectional Study. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(12), 7369. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19127369
- Cherry, K. (2023). Understanding Cultural Rel-ativism and Its Importance. DotDash Me-dia, Inc. Retrieved from https://www.verywellmind.com/under-standing-cultural-relativism-7549709
- Dagkas, S., Benn, T., & Jawad, H. (2011). Multi-ple voices: Improving participation of Muslim girls in physical education and school sport. Sport, Education and Society, 16(2), 223–239. https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2011.540427
- Dagkas, S., Benn, T., et al. (2011). Multiple voices: improving participation of Muslim girls in physical education and school sport. Sport, Education and Society, 16(2),
- Cardinaset al., 2025 /Faith and FitnessIJMABER2122Volume 6| Number 4| April|2025223-239. DOI: 10.1080/13573322.2011.540427
- Donnelly, T.T., Al-Thani, A.B.M., et al. (2018). Arab female and male perceptions of fac-tors facilitating and inhibiting their physi-cal activity. Findings from a qualitative study in the Middle East. DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0199336. PMID: 30011280; PMCID: PMC6047779.
- El Masri, A., Kolt, G.S., et al. (2021). A systematic review of qualitative studies exploring the factors influencing the physical activity levels of Arab migrants. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act, 18, 2. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12966-020-01056-7Exercise: How much do I need every day? (2023, July 26). Mayo Clinic. Retrieved from https://www.mayo-clinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/fitness/ex-pert-answers/exercise/faq-20057916
- Hamzeh, M., & Oliver, K. L. (2012). “Because I am Muslim, I cannot wear a swimsuit”: Muslim girls negotiate participation op-portunities in physical education. Re-search Quarterly for Exercise and Sport, 83(2), 330–339. https://doi.org/10.1080/02701367.2012.10599866
- Hussain, U., Cunningham, G. (2023). Physical activity among Muslim women: The roles of religious identity, health consciousness, and Muslim population density. Cogent Social Sciences, 9(2). DOI: 10.1080/23311886.2023.2244839
- Kahan, D. (2019). Critical appraisal of qualita-tive studies of Muslim females’ percep-tions of physical activity barriers and fa-cilitators. International Journal of Envi-ronmental Research and Public Health, 16(24), 5040. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16245040
- Khan, S. (2023, February 28). “Slow progress” on barriers to Muslim women in sport. BBC Sport. Retrieved from https://www.bbc.com/sport/64796465
- Koshoedo, S.A., Jepson, R.G. et al. (2015). Un-derstanding the complex interplay of bar-riers to physical activity amongst black and minority ethnic groups in the United Kingdom: Barriers and influences. Ethnic-ity & Disease, 29(3), 469–476. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.3.469
- Laar, R. A., Ashraf, M., Zhou, S., Zhang, L., & Zhong, Z. (2022). Assessing the associa-tion between Pakistani women’s religious beliefs and sports participation. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.915521
- Laar, R. A., Shi, S., & Ashraf, M. (2019). Partici-pation of Pakistani female students in physical activities: religious, cultural, and socioeconomic factors. Religions, 10(11), 617. https://doi.org/10.3390/rel10110617Living in the United States: Barriers and influ-ences. Ethnicity & Disease, 29(3), 469–476. https://doi.org/10.18865/ed.29.3.469
- Marwat, M., et al. (2019). Influence of Religious and Cultural Restrictions Upon Sports Participation. The Routledge Handbook of Sport and Sustainable Development, Vol-ume 4, Issue 1, 2019. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publica-tion/356876999_
- Miles, C., & Benn, T. (2016). A case study on the experiences of university-based Muslim women in physical activity during their studies at one UK higher education insti-tution. Sports Education and Society, 21(5), 723-740. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1080/13573322.2014.942623
- Murugan, M. (2020). An Attitude of Female Muslim Students Towards Physical Edu-cation and Sports –an analysis.
- Nakamura, Y. (2023). Beyond the Hijab: Female Muslims and Physical Activity. Women in Sport and Physical Activity Journal, 11(2). Retrieved from PRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research (IJMR) Vol-ume: 6 | Issue: 3.Participation in Physical Education, Sports, and Physical Activities. Psychology Research, 10(8), 319-323. Sabaragamuwa Univer-sity of Sri Lanka, Belihuloya, Sri Lanka. Re-trieved from https://www.da-vidpublisher.com
- Cardinaset al., 2025 /Faith and FitnessIJMABER 2123Volume 6| Number 4| April| 2025Physio-Pedia. (n.d.). Barriers to physical activ-ity. In Physio-Pedia. Retrieved July 3, 2024, from https://www.physio-pe-dia.com/Barriers_to_Physical_Activity
- Senerath, I., & Liyanage, T. (2020). Religious In-volvement in Young Islamic Women.
- Sha, A. (2016). Constraints to Leisure Time Physical Activity and Negotiation Methods in Muslim Women in Korea. Retrieved from https://sspace.snu.ac.kr/bitstreamShay, A. (n.d.). Dance and Non-Dance: Pat-terned Movement in Iran and Islam on JSTOR. Women’s Studies International Fo-rum, 28(1/2), 61-78. Retrieved from https://www.jstor.org/stable/4310918
- Sidani, T. K., & T. A., & Y. M. (2023). Women Leadership, Culture, and Islam: Female Voices from Jordan. Ideas RePEc. Re-trieved from https://ideas.repec.org
- Tekin, A. (2011). The Influence of Religious and Socio-Cultural Variables on the Participa-tion of Female University Students in Lei-sure Activities. Middle-East