Home⇛Annals of Tropical Research⇛vol. 41 no. 1 (2019)

In Vitro Molluscicidal Activity Of Wormwood (Artemisia Dubia) Leaves Against Oncomelania Hupensis Quadrasi

Charles Jardian C. Alinsub | Melvin A. Bagot

 

Abstract:

There have been many efforts to eradicate the problem of schistosomiasis. One method is to control the growing snail population. This study aimed to determine the molluscicidal activity of wormwood ( ) leaves methanolic extract against adult and juvenile . Using infusion technique, 80% methanol was used as solvent. There were eight treatments used: distilled water (T0 ) and 1% methanol (T0 ) as negative controls; (-)1 (-)2 0.0002% (2mg L ) niclosamide (T0 ) as positive control; and 11.121% (T1), 12.478% -1 + (T2), 14% (T3), 15.708% (T4) and 17.625% (T5), which were replicated five times with 10 snails per replicate. Results showed that for adults, the wormwood leaves methanolic extract was not statistically significant with the commercially available molluscicide, although 17.625% (T5) resulted in 82% mortality rate. For juveniles, the different extract concentrations resulted in 98 to 100% mortality, which were comparable to 0.0002% (2mg L ) niclosamide and were considered highly effective based on Reik -1 & Keitz (1954) and European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (EMEA). Thus, wormwood leaves methanolic extract has a promising molluscicidal activity against adult snails at a concentration of 17.625%, and at all concentrations for the juvenile snails of The LC of the adult and juvenile 50 snails were 14.075% and 10.294%, respectively. Secondary metabolites that were found positive during the qualitative phytochemical analysis with the extract were tannins, saponins, and terpenoids. The mortality of the snails can be attributed to the bioactivity of the secondary metabolites present that may be acting in combination or individually.



References:

  1. Adewunmi CO. 1991. Plant molluscicides: potential of aridan, Tetrapleura tetraptera, for schistosomiasis control in Nigeria. Science of the Total Environment 102:21-33
  2. Aladesanmi AJ. 2007. Tetrapleura tetraptera: Molluscicidal activity and chemical constituents. African Journal of Traditional, Complementary and Alternative Medicines 4(1):23-36
  3. Anto F, Aryeetey ME, Anyorigiya T, Asoala V & Kpikpi J. 2005. The relative susceptibilities of juvenile and adult Bulinus globosus and Bulinus truncatus to the molluscicidal activities in the fruit of Ghanaian Blighia sapida, Blighia unijugata and Balanites aegyptiaca. Annals of Tropical    Medicine                  &                          Parasitology          99(2):211- 217.https://doi.org/10.1179/136485905X24229
  4. Arufe MI, Arellano J, Moreno MJ & Sarasquete C. 2004. Toxicity of a commercial herbicide containing terbutryn and triasulfuron to seabream (Sparus aurata L.) larvae: a comparison with the Microtox test. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety 59(2):209- 216.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ecoenv.2003.12.010
  5. Azmir J, Zaidul ISM, Rahman MM, Sharif KM, Mohamed A, Sahena F,... Omar AKM 2013. Techniques for extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials: A review. Journal of Food Engineering 117(4):426-436. https://doi.org/10. 1016/j.jfoodeng.2013.01.014
  6. Bak S. 2013. Saponin structure-activity relationships: biological activity, ecological. function and evolution University of Copenhagen. Retrieved June 6,2018, from https://plen.ku.dk/english/research/plant_biochemistry/terpenoids/saponin-activity- ecology/ 
  7. Duke SO, Cantrell CL, Meepagala KM, Wedge DE, Tabanca N & Schrader KK. 2010. Natural Toxins for Use in Pest Management. Toxins 2(8):1943-1962. https://doi.org/10.3390/toxins2081943
  8. EMEA. 2000. European Agency for the Evaluation of Medicinal Products (Vol. 26) Guevara B and Recio B. 2005. A Guidebook to plant screening: phytochemical and biological. Manila: Research Center for the Natural Sciences, University of Santo Tomas
  9. Harris B and Harris R. 2003. A clinical guide to blending liquid herbs. herbal formulas for the individual patient. Retrieved May 25, 2018, from https://ww w.infona.pl/resource/bwmetal.element.elsevier-8211ec9b-44da-3ace-a55c-88d98d3effbc
  10. Hoffman D. 2003, Medical Herbalism: The Science and Practice of Herbal Medicine David Hoffmann        Google         Books.         Retrieved         May         25,         2018,         from https://books.google.com.ph/books?hl=en&lr=&id=e100DwAAQBAJ&oi=fnd&pg=PT6&d q=Medicinal+Herbalism:+The+Science+and+Practice+of+Herbal+Medicine&ots=iJQc_7 G9eY&sig=4tEmqa2maBarmpRCyXe04_yjCY0&redir_esc=y#v=onepage&q=Medicinal% 20Herbalism%3A%20The%20Science%20and%20Practice%20of%20Herbal%20Medici ne&f=false
  11. Hostettmann K. 1982. Saponins with Molluscicidal Activity from Hedera helixL Helvetica Chimica Acta 63(3):606-609. https://doi.org/10.1002/hlca. 19800 630307
  12. Knobloch K, Pauli A, Iberl B, Weigand H & Weis N. 1989. Antibacterial and Antifungal Properties of Essential Oil Components. Journal of Essential Oil Research 1(3):119- 128.https://doi.org/10.1080/10412905.1989.9697767
  13. Lardans V and Dissous C. 1998. Snail Control Strategies for Reduction of Schistosomiasis Transmission. Parasitology Today 14(10):413-417. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0169- 4758(98)01320-9
  14. Macabeo APG, Krohn K, Gehle D, Read RW, Brophy JJ, Cordell GA,... Aguinaldo AM. 2005. Indole alkaloids from the leaves of Philippine Alstonia scholaris. Phytochemistry 66(10):1158-1162.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.phytochem.20 05.02.018
  15. McCullough FS, Gayral P, Duncan J & Christie JD. 1980. Molluscicides in schistosomiasis control. Bulletin of the World Health Organization 58(5):681-689
  16. McGarvey DJ and Croteau R. 1995. Terpenoid metabolism. The Plant Cell 7(7):1015- 1026
  17. Michael ES, Yole D, Musila MF, Kutima H & Kareru P. 2013. Assessment of Molluscicidal, Cercericidal and Miracicidal Activities of Crude Extracts of Azadirachta indica and Entada leptostachya. Journal of Biology, Agriculture and Healthcare 3(5):11-17
  18. Mohammed A. 2013. January 23. Why are Early Life Stages of Aquatic Organisms more Sensitive                    to     Toxicants     than     Adults?.      Retrieved     June     6,     2018,      from https://www.intechopen.com/books/new-insights-into-toxicity-and-drug-testing/why-are- early-life-stages-of-aquatic-organisms-more-sensitive-to-toxicants-than-adults-
  19. Ojewole O and John A. 2004. Indigenous plants and schistosomiasis control in south africa:molluscicidal activity of some zulu medicinal plants. Boletin Latinoamericano y del Caribe de Plantas Medicinales y Aromáticas 3(1):8-22. Retrieved from http://www.redalyc.org/resumen.oa?id=85630104 
  20. Pavarini DP, Pavarini SP, Niehues M & Lopes NP. 2012. Exogenous influences on plant secondary metabolite levels. Animal Feed Science and Technology 176(1-4):5-16
  21. Reik TJ and Keitz B. 1954. Studies on anthelmintics in cattle. Australian Research Journal 33:162-173
  22. Rug M and Ruppel A. 2001. Toxic activities of the plant Jatropha curcas against intermediate snail hosts and larvae of schistosomes. Tropical Medicine & International Health 5(6):423-430. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3156.2000.00573.x
  23. Schultz J. 2018. Secondary Metabolites in Plants Biology Encyclopedia body, function, animal, organisms, DNA, hormone, used, specific, structure, role, major. Retrieved June 6, 2018, from http://www.biologyreference.com/Re-Se/Secondary-Metabolites-in- Plants.html
  24. Senguttuvan J, Paulsamy S & Karthika K. 2014. Phytochemical analysis and evaluation of leaf and root parts of the medicinal herb, Hypochaeris radicata L for in vitro antioxidant activities. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine 4:S359- S367.https://doi.org/10.12980/APJTB.4.2014C1030
  25. Smith AH, Zoetendal E & Mackie RI. 2005. Bacterial Mechanisms to Overcome Inhibitory Effects of Dietary Tannins. Microbial Ecology 50(2):197-205. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00248-004-0180-x
  26. Zhao X, Cheng K & Liu D. 2009. Organosolv pretreatment of lignocellulosic biomass for enzymatic hydrolysis. Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology 82(5):815. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00253-009-1883-1

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic