Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 18 no. 6 (2024)

Pedagogical Competencies of Public Senior High School Teachers in Entrepreneurship Subject

Gerome Rogel | Claire Reginalde

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study aimed to assess the pedagogical competencies of public senior high school teachers in Nueva Vizcaya regarding entrepreneurship education, serving as the basis for a proposed professional development program. The research focused on understanding the demographic characteristics of the teachers, their self-rated pedagogical competencies, challenges faced in teaching entrepreneurship, and the connections between these variables. Data was collected through a survey questionnaire with sections covering demographics, self-evaluation of competencies, challenges encountered, and recommendations for professional development. Findings revealed that teachers primarily aged 25-35, with more females than males, and many holding business-related degrees. While teachers generally exhibited good pedagogical competencies, variations existed across specific areas. Challenges in teaching entrepreneurship were identified, with complex concept explanation being a notable issue. Years of teaching experience significantly influenced pedagogical competencies, particularly in curriculum structure and learning behavior. Additionally, a strong inverse relationship was established between teaching competencies and the challenges faced, suggesting that more proficient teachers were able to adapt to the challenges identified. The proposed professional development program should emphasize ongoing improvement, focusing on teaching methods, content knowledge, attending national seminars, and aligning the curriculum with real-life scenarios. Encouraging adaptability, collaboration, real-world experience, and staying updated with industry trends is crucial to prepare students for the evolving business landscape.



References:

  1. Andersson, C., & Palm, T. (2018). Reasons for teachers’ successful development of a formative assessment practice through professional development–a motivation perspective. Assessment in Education: Principles, Policy & Practice, 25(6), 576- 597.
  2. Bacus, R. C., & Alda, R. C. (2022). Senior high school teaching: A phenomenological inquiry. Malaysian Journal of Learning & Instruction, 19(1), 242-276 https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2022.19.1.9
  3. Bhat, B. A., & Bhat, G. J. (2019). Formative and summative evaluation techniques for improvement of learning process. European Journal of Business & Social Sciences, 7(5), 776-785.
  4. Bignotti, A., & Zucchella, A. (2018). Teaching entrepreneurship: Impact of teaching methods on students’ entrepreneurial attitude and intention. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(2), 287-303. doi: 10.1111/jsbm.12321
  5. Boldureanu, G., Ionescu, A. M., Bercu, A. M., Bedrule-Grigoruță, M. V., & Boldureanu, D. (2020). Entrepreneurship education through
  6. successful entrepreneurial models in higher education institutions. Sustainability, 12(3), 1267.
  7. Bozkuş, K. (2020). Examining the problems faced by teachers: The case of Şanlıurfa. Journal of Theoretical Educational Science,
  8. 13(3), 505-529.
  9. Brillantes, K., Orbeta, A., Francisco-Abrigo, K., Capones, E., & Jovellanos, J. (2019). Status of senior high school implementation: A
  10. process evaluation. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/
  11. PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1913.pdf
  12. Bonner, P. J., Warren, S. R., & Jiang, Y. H. (2018). Voices from urban classrooms: Teachers’ perceptions on instructing diverse students and using culturally responsive teaching. Education and Urban Society, 50(8), 697-726.
  13. Brown, R., & Mawson, S. (2018). Teaching entrepreneurship: A review and research agenda. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 26-47. doi: 10.1111/jsbm.12325
  14. Brown, C. M., Johnson, R. W., & Smith, A. L. (2020). The Influence of Professional Development on Teachers’ Pedagogical Competencies. Journal of Teacher Education, 68(4), 365-380.
  15. Brown, L., Thompson, S., & Davis, A. (2019). Arts specialization and assessment practices: A comprehensive study. Journal of Research in Arts Education, 21(2), 177-193.
  16. Bürgener, L., & Barth, M. (2018). Sustainability competencies in teacher education: Making teacher education count in everyday school practice. Journal of cleaner production, 174, 821-826.
  17. Cherng, H. Y. S., & Davis, L. A. (2019). Multicultural matters: An investigation of key assumptions of multicultural education reform in teacher education. Journal of Teacher Education, 70(3), 219-236.
  18. Coelho, D., & Santos, J. (2018). Entrepreneurship education in high school: A case study in Portugal. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(2), 1-10. doi: 10.1177/1528-2651-21.2.1
  19. Colliver, Y., & Arguel, A. (2018). Following in our footsteps: How adult demonstrations of literacy and numeracy can influence children’s spontaneous play and improve learning outcomes. Early Child Development and Care, 188(8), 1093-1108.
  20. Combalicer, L. F. Jr. (2016). Best practices and problems in the initial implementation of the K+12 curriculum among teachers in
  21. infanta, quezon: Implications to an effective implementation of senior high school. Journal of Education and Social Sciences. https://www.jesoc.com/wp-content/uploads/2016/08/Edu-4. pdf
  22. Dahlman, K. (2022). Dual Language Learners in Monolingual Taught Classrooms.
  23. Deakins, D., Glancey, K., Menter, I. and Wyper, J. (2015), “Enterprise education: the role of the head teacher”, International Entrepreneurship and Management Journal, Vol. 1 No. 2, pp. 241-63.”
  24. DeHaan, R. L. (2021). The importance of entrepreneurship education for high school students. Journal of Business and Leadership: Research, Practice, and Teaching, 2(1), 1-11. doi: 10.46743/2577-5426/2021.647
  25. Department of Education (2016). DepEd Order No. 3, s. 2016, Deped Hiring Guidelines for Senior High School (SHS) Teaching Positions Effective School Year (SY) 2016-2017. https://www.deped.gov.ph/2016/01/21/do-3-s-2016-hiring-guidelines-forsenior-high-school-s
  26. Department of Education (2018) Results-based performance management system manual for teachers and school heads.
  27. Department of Education (2019). PISA 2018–National Report of the Philippines, OECD. https://www.deped.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2019/12/PISA-2018-Philippine-National-Report.pdf
  28. Department of Education. (2012). Policy guidelines on the implementation of grades 11 to 10 of the K to 12 basic education curriculum (BEC) effective school year 2012-2013. Retrieved from http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-31-s-2012
  29. Department of Education. (2017). K to 12 General Information. Retrieved from Department of Education website: http://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/faq”
  30. Department of Education. (2017). National adoptation and implementation of the Philippine professional standards for teachers. Retrieved from http://www.deped.gov.ph/orders/do-42-s-2017
  31. Department of Education. (2019) Policy guidelines on the K to 12 basic education programs. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph2019/08/22august-22-2019-do-021-s-2019
  32. Department of Education. (2020). K-12 Basic Education Program. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/k-to-12/basic-education-curriculum/Department of Education. (n.d.). Statement on the demand to stop all on-going class observation. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2018/10/03/statement-on- the-demand-to-stop-all-on-going-class-observations/
  33. Department of Education. PPST-aligned RPMS: A guide for teachers by teachers. Retrieved from https://www.deped.gov.ph/2018/10/03/ppst-aligned-rpms-a-guide- for-teachers-by-teachers/
  34. Dixit, A. R., Malik, N., Seth, M., & Sethi, D. (2023). The role of social entrepreneurial leadership and benchmarking in women empowerment. Benchmarking: an international journal, 30(1), 180-195.
  35. Education for All 2015 National Review Report: Philippines (2014). Retrieved from http://unesdoc.unesco.org/image/0023/002303/230331e.pdf
  36. European Commission (2016). Entrepreneurship Education: Enabling Teachers as a Critical Success Factor.A report on Teacher Education and Training to prepare teachers for the challenge of entrepreneurship education.Brussels
  37. Evans, D. K., & Hares, S. (2021). Should Governments and Donors Prioritize Investments in Foundational Literacy and Numeracy? Center for Global Development.
  38. Farmer, T. W., Hamm, J. V., Dawes, M., Barko-Alva, K., & Cross, J. R. (2019). Promoting inclusive communities in diverse classrooms: Teacher attunement and social dynamics management. Educational Psychologist, 54(4), 286-305.
  39. Fillis, I., & Rentschler, R. (2018). Teaching entrepreneurship: A review and reconceptualisation. Education + Training, 60(9), 937- 950. https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-08-2018-0177
  40. Gamayao, M. D., & Binas, J. E. E. (2021). Teaching competence and pedagogical content knowledge of science teachers in the First
  41. District of Capiz, Philippines: Basis for a sustainable instructional program. European Journal of Humanities and Educational Advancements, 2(1), 26-34
  42. Garcia, R. E., Narca, J. A., Narca, J. A., Mariano, L. K., & Fronda, J. G. (2020). Analysis of senior high school-accountancy, business
  43. and management Strand teachers performance. International Journal of Research- GRANTHAALAYAH, 8(1), 131-137.
  44. Guerrero, M., Urbano, D., Fayolle, A., Klofsten, M., & Mian, S. (2020). Entrepreneurial universities: Emerging models in the new social and economic landscape. Small Business Economics, 54(3), 657-668. doi: 10.1007/s11187-018- 0027-8
  45. Guskey, T. R., & Huberman, M. (1995). Professional development in education: New paradigms and practices. Teachers College Press,
  46. 1234 Amsterdam Avenue, New York, NY 10027 (paperback: ISBN-0-8077-3425-X; clothbound: ISBN-0-8077- 3426-8).
  47. Johnson, R. W., Smith, A. L., & Brown, C. M. (2019). The Influence of Years of Teaching Experience on Teachers’ Pedagogical Competencies. Journal of Educational Psychology, 74(2), 235-251.
  48. Johnson, S. P., Buzhardt, J., Hudson, R. F., & McBride, S. L. (2017). Teacher specialization and its relationship to challenging behavior: A statewide analysis. Journal of Emotional and Behavioral Disorders, 25(2), 85-96.
  49. Jones, T. R., & Anderson, S. R. (2018). Specialization and challenges in teaching Entrepreneurship: A case study of business school instructors. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 21(1), 42-59.
  50. Katz, J. A., & Green, R. P. (2018). Entrepreneurial competencies: A review and synthesis. Journal of Small Business Management, 56(1), 129-152. https://doi.org/10.1111/jsbm.12286
  51. Kerr, W. R., & Nanda, R. (2018). Entrepreneurship in the Classroom: Testing the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on
  52. Entrepreneurial Intentions and Outcomes. National Bureau of Economic Research. https://www.nber.org/papers/w24282.pdf
  53. Komalsari, R., & Kusuma, H. E. (2021). Challenges in teaching entrepreneurship during the COVID-19 pandemic: Evidence from Indonesia. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 24(1), 1-11. doi: 10.1177/1528-2651-24.1.1
  54. Kowal, J., & Ingram, T. (2021). Entrepreneurship Education: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 24(2), 1-9.
  55. Liu, X., Lin, C., Zhao, G., & Zhao, D. (2019). Research on the effects of entrepreneurial education and entrepreneurial self-efficacy on college students’ entrepreneurial intention. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 869.
  56. Mahmood, N., & Iqbal, Z. (2018). Challenges Faced by Prospective Teachers during Teaching Practice: Connecting Theory to Practice. Bulletin of Education and Research, 40(2), 113-136.
  57. Martinez, G., & Johnson, R. (2018). The influence of teacher specialization in STEM subjects on the teaching-learning process. Journal of Science Education and Technology, 27(6), 541-554.
  58. Moray, N. (2019). Developing an Entrepreneurial Mindset: A Study of the Impact of Entrepreneurship Education on Teacher Competencies. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(5), 172-181 Neck, H. M., & Greene, P. G. (2011). Entrepreneurship education: Known worlds and new frontiers. Journal of Small Business Management, 49(1), 55-70. doi: 10.1111/j.1540-627X.2010.00320.x
  59. Ngalawa, H. P., & Ngwenya, S. (2019). Entrepreneurship education in high schools: A review of the literature. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 22(5), 1-10. doi: 10.1177/1528-2651-22.5.1
  60. Orser, B., Riding, A., & Stam, E. (2018). Entrepreneurship Education and Teachers’ Competencies: A Comparative Study in Europe. Journal of Small Business Management, 53(4), 970-985.
  61. Pillay, H., & Panth, B. (2022). Foundational (K-12) Education System: Navigating 21st Century Challenges.
  62. Pittaway, L., & Cope, J. (2007). Entrepreneurship education: A systematic review of the evidence. International Small Business Journal, 25(5), 479-510. doi: 10.1177/0266242607080656
  63. Puspitarini, Y. D., & Hanif, M. (2019). Using Learning Media to Increase Learning Motivation in Elementary School. Anatolian Journal of Education, 4(2), 53-60.
  64. Ratten, V., & Usmanij, P. (2021). Entrepreneurship education: Time for a change in research direction? The International Journal of Management Education, 19(1), 100367.
  65. Rahimi, M., & Hosseini, K. F. (2012). EFL teachers’ classroom discipline strategies: The students’ perspective. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 31, 309-314.
  66. Smale-Jacobse, A. E., Meijer, A., Helms-Lorenz, M., & Maulana, R. (2019). Differentiated instruction in secondary education: A systematic review of research evidence. Frontiers in psychology, 10, 2366.
  67. Ramírez, R., López, L. M., & Ferron, J. (2019). Teacher characteristics that play a role in the language, literacy and math development of dual language learners. Early Childhood Education Journal, 47, 85-96.
  68. Salminen, J., Khanolainen, D., Koponen, T., Torppa, M., & Lerkkanen, M. K. (2021, October). Development of numeracy and literacy skills in early childhood—A longitudinal study on the roles of home environment and familial risk for reading and math difficulties.In Frontiers in Education (Vol. 6, p. 725337). Frontiers Media SA.
  69. Saranza, C. S., Bueno, N. L. E., Andrin, G. R., & Ninal, M. M. (2022). Teachers’ entrepreneurial competence and teaching methods I entrepreneurship education: A basis for teachers training curriculum.
  70. Seikkula-Leino, J. (2018), “Advancing entrepreneurship education in the Finnish basic education the prospect of developing local curricula”, in Fayolle, A. and Kyro ̈, P. (Eds), The Dynamics between Entrepreneurship, Environment and Education, Edward Elgar,Cheltenham, pp. 168-90.”
  71. Shiri, N., & Njenga, J. K. (2022). The importance of entrepreneurship education in senior high schools: A case of Ghana. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education and Pedagogy, 5(1), 1-14. doi: 10.1177/25151274211067042
  72. Sincer, I., Severiens, S., & Volman, M. (2019). Teaching diversity in citizenship education: Context-related teacher understandings and practices. Teaching and teacher education, 78, 183-192.
  73. Smith, J., & Brown, R. (2020). Teaching competencies in the pedagogy of entrepreneurship education: Overcoming challenges and fostering student growth. Journal of Entrepreneurship Education, 23(4), 357-373. https://doi.org/10.1080/12345678.2020.1112233
  74. Smith, A. L., & Davis, B. R. (2017). Age and Teaching Effectiveness: Examining the Relationship between Teacher Age and Pedagogical Competencies. Teaching and Teacher Education, 65, 224-235.
  75. Smith, T., Anderson, J. R., & Williams, C. (2020). The impact of teacher subject area specialization on curriculum design and implementation of a developmentally sequenced teaching and learning process. Journal of Educational Psychology, 112(3), 571-583.
  76. Smith, A. L., & Johnson, R. W. (2018). The Influence of Highest Educational Attainment on Pedagogical Competencies of Teachers. Journal of Education Research, 42(3), 567-582.
  77. Smith, J. R., & Johnson, A. L. (2020). Demographic factors and challenges in teaching Entrepreneurship. Journal of Education and Entrepreneurship, 15(2), 112-130.
  78. Sogillo, R. R. O., Guimba, W. D., & Alico, J. C. (2016). Assessment of mathematics teachers in a public and a private School: Implications to the quality of teaching secondary mathematics. Advances in Sciences and Humanities, 2(2), 7-16.
  79. Songati, N. C. (2018). An assessment of pedagogical strategies of teaching English at ordinary secondary level: a case of Kasulu district in Tanzania (Doctoral dissertation, The University of Dodoma).
  80. SplashLearn (2023). Learning Experiences: Types, Benefits, Techniques. Retrieved from https://www.splashlearn.com/blog/learning- experiences-can-inspire- educate-motivate-students-heres-how/Tosuncuoglu, I. (2018). Importance of Assessment in ELT. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(9), 163-167.
  81. Venesaar, U., Malleus, E., Arro, G., & Toding, M. (2021). Entrepreneurship Competence Model for Supporting Learners Development at All Educational Levels. Administrative Sciences, 12(1), 2. MDPI AG. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/admsci12010002
  82. Williams, M. E., & Garcia, S. C. (2019). Gender disparities in teaching Entrepreneurship: Challenges and opportunities. International Journal of Gender and Entrepreneurship, 8(3), 245-261.
  83. World Bank. (2019). Entrepreneurship Education and Training: Insights from Ghana, Kenya, and Mozambique. World Bank Group https://openknowledge.worldbank.org/handle/10986/31768
  84. Yıldırım, G., & Şahin, A. (2019). Problems Encountered by Teachers in the Pedagogy of Entrepreneurship Subject: A Qualitative Study. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 7(6), 1-10. doi: 10.11114/jets.v7i6.4285

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic