The Digital Couch: A Study on Mental Health of Psychologists in Telepsychology Practice
Marianne Armas | Ma. Nicole Anne Arinsol | Jessa Ballesteros | Mary Joy Elaine Basilio | Ma. Ranissa M. Bayhon | Daniela Caser | Alyssa Isabela F. Corona | Jayvie Villazor
Discipline: Applied Psychology
Abstract:
Mental health practitioners tend to experience mental distress due to the demanding nature of the profession. In this
advancing world, practitioners are now integrating telepsychology into psychological practice, which presents
opportunities and adversities to their mental health. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to explore and
understand the mental health of Filipino psychologists, particularly in the context of telepsychology. A qualitative
descriptive phenomenology was employed in this study. This study gathered ten psychologists who were selected
using purposive sampling and interviewed using semi-structured interviews. Using Colaizzi's seven-step data analysis,
four major themes were yielded, and twelve clusters of subthemes were found. Specifically, (1) growing pains, (2)
resilience, (3) ingraining transformation, and (4) treasure of fulfillment, which formulated an acronym of GRIT,
representing perseverance and passion, symbolizing the persistent effort of psychologists to maintain a mental
fortitude despite the adversities in telepsychology practice. The findings presented the notable reflection of
psychologists that telepsychology practice has challenged their mental capacity, but their resilience and eagerness to
adapt have kept them on the ground. The results were bound to fill the knowledge gaps by providing new
understanding from the experiences of psychologists in telepsychology. Furthermore, this study can raise awareness
about the mental health of Filipino psychologists practicing telepsychology, especially that relatively few studies are
focusing on the mental health of practitioners. Indeed, this study presented the reality of the exerted efforts of
psychologists to balance the edge of being a human and professional, extending their hand to people in need.
References:
- Aldemir, İ. D., Karanci, A. N., Ikizer, G., & Karlı, M. R. (2024). Navigating the challenges and coping strategies of psychotherapists during the COVID-19 pandemic: A qualitative study. Professional Psychology Research and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000603
- American Psychological Association. (2024). APA GUIDELINES for the Practice of Telepsychology. https://www.apa.org/practice/guidelines/telepsychology-revision.pdf
- Andersen, L. M. B., Rasmussen, A. N., Reavley, N. J., Bøggild, H., & Overgaard, C. (2021). The social route to mental health: A systematic review and synthesis of theories linking social relationships to mental health to inform interventions. SSM - Mental Health, 1, 100042. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssmmh.2021.100042
- Anthes, L. & Dreisorner, A. (2024). Self-compassion and mental health: a systematic review and transactional model on mechanisms of change. Research Gate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/383867423_Self-compassion_and_mental_health_a_systematic_review_and_transactional_model_on_mechanisms_of_change
- Barberio, J. A., & Jenkins, M. L. (2021). Transitioning to telehealth: Today’s guidelines for future sustainability. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 17(7), 795–798. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nurpra.2021.04.001
- Bodeker, G., Pecorelli, S., Choy, L., Guerra, R., & Kariippanon, K. (2020). Well-Being and mental wellness. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Global Public Health. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190632366.013.162
- Brightman, A., & Sant, V. (2023). Exploring Benefits and Risks of Telepsychology. North Carolina PsychologyBoard. https://www.ncpsychologyboard.org/data/documents/NCPSY-BulletinBoard-Fall2023.pdf
- Bumra, A. S. (2022). Psychological Difficulties Faced by Mental Health Professionals. International Journal of Research and Review Vol. 9. https://www.ijrrjournal.com/IJRR_Vol.9_Issue.10_Oct2022/IJRR22.pdf
- Bupa. (2023). How learning can benefit your team’s mental health. https://www.bupa.co.uk/~/media/files/mms/bins02194.pdf?fbclid=IwY2xjawJcqRdleHRuA2FlbQIxMAABHXGyPgnxv--yPRzx5zgEH9naJBVJnfFSfRtFDWbdUFSOulsyxAXKqbLG2g_aem_dYgIKxTJzv-TgDPaZWqjLw
- Cayongcong, F., Alliah, J., Nica, C., Laurena, L., Lloyd, C., Honielette, P., Repollo, F., & Varuasa, S. (2024). Experiences of Compassion Fatigue Among Mental Health Practitioners Conducting Telepsychology During the COVID-19 Pandemic. FEU Journal of Graduate Students’ Research, 1(2), 2024.
- Christensen, M. (2017). The empirical-phenomenological research framework: Reflecting on its use. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 7(12), 81-86. https://doi.org/10.5430/jnep.v7n12p81
- Colaizzi, Paul F. (1978). Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it. In Ronald S. Valle & Mark King (eds.), Existential-phenomenological alternatives for psychology. New York: Oxford University Press. pp. 6.
- Comer, J. S. (2021). Rebooting mental health care delivery for the COVID-19 pandemic (and beyond): Guiding cautions as telehealth enters the clinical mainstream. Cognitive and Behavioral Practice, 28(4), 743–748. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cbpra.2021.09.002
- Cosh, S., Rice, K., Bartik, W., Jefferys, A., Hone, A., Murray, C., & Lykins, A. D. (2021). Acceptability and feasibility of telehealth as a training modality for trainee psychologist placements: a COVID-19 response study. Australian Psychologist, 57(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.1080/00050067.2021.1968275
- Cummins, K. (2022). MENTAL HEALTH PROFESSIONALS USING RESILIENCE Lived Experiences of Mental Health Professionals Using Resilience to Resist Burnout. https://digitalcommons.liberty.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=4589&context=doctoral
- De Camargo Catapan, S., Snoswell, C. L., Haydon, H. M., Banbury, A., Thomas, E. E., Caffery, L. J., Smith, A. C., & Kelly, J. (2024). Trust and confidence in telehealth-delivered services: a nation-wide cross-sectional study. Health Marketing Quarterly, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/07359683.2024.2422202
- De Guzman, A. B., & Tan, E. B. (2007). Understanding the essence of scholarship from the lived experiences of a select group of outstanding Filipino researchers. Educational Research Journal, 22(1), 49-68. https://hkier.cuhk.edu.hk/tc/publicationsfile/erj-v22n1-49-68
- Dobson, R., Variava, R., Douglas, M., & Reynolds, L. M. (2022). Digital competency of Psychologists in Aotearoa New Zealand: A cross-sectional survey. Frontiers in Digital Health, 4. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2022.951366
- Drosos, N., & Korfiatis, A. (2023). Career Adaptability and resilience of mental health service
- Elliott, M., & Ragsdale, J. M. (2020). Mental health professionals with mental illnesses: A qualitative interview study. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 90(6), 677–686. https://doi.org/10.1037/ort0000499
- Erlandsson, A., Forsström, D., Rozental, A., & Werbart, A. (2022). Accessibility at What Price? Therapists’ Experiences of Remote Psychotherapy with Children and Adolescents During the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Infant Child and Adolescent Psychotherapy, 21(4), 293–308. https://doi.org/10.1080/15289168.2022.2135935
- Flores, P. J. G., & Rungduin, T. T. (2024). Lived experiences of counselors on online counseling. Open Journal of Social Sciences, 12(11), 258–273. https://doi.org/10.4236/jss.2024.1211018
- Galbraith, A. (2023). The Effect of Self-Compassion and Telepsychology on Burnout in Mental Health Practitioners. ProQuest. https://www.proquest.com/openview/cbd9dd15be1d211af544b7e41843ffeb/1?cbl=18750&diss=y&pq-origsite=gscholar
- Goldschmidt, L., Langa, M., Masilela, B., Ndhlovu, L. M., Mncina, B., Maubane, B., & Bujela, K. (2021). Telepsychology and the COVID-19 pandemic: the experiences of psychologists in South Africa. South African Journal of Psychology, 51(2), 314–324. https://doi.org/10.1177/0081246321993281
- Grover, S., Dua, D., Sahoo, S., Mehra, A., Nehra, R., & Chakrabarti, S. (2020). Why all COVID-19 hospitals should have mental health professionals: The importance of mental health in a worldwide crisis! Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 51, 102147. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2020.102147
- Gumarang, B. K., Jr, Mallannao, R. C., & Gumarang, B. K. (2021). Colaizzi’s Methods in Descriptive Phenomenology: Basis of a Filipino novice researcher. International Journal of Multidisciplinary Applied Business and Education Research, 2(10), 928–933. https://doi.org/10.11594/ijmaber.02.10.10
- Halder, S., & Samajdar, S. (2023). Telepsychology: scope, application, and challenges in Mental health. Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry, 40(2), 103–106. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijsp.ijsp_57_21
- Hanaba, S., Voitiuk, O., & Khmelnytskyi, B. (2022). Heuristic potential of transformative learning ideas. Pedagogika-Pedagogy, 94(1). https://doi.org/10.53656/ped2022-1.02
- Hanel, P. H. P., Tunç, H., Bhasin, D., Litzellachner, L. F., & Maio, G. R. (2023). Value fulfillment and well‐being: Clarifying directions over time. Journal of Personality, 92(4), 1037–1049. https://doi.org/10.1111/jopy.12869
- Hernani, E. V. (2022). Telepsychology as the primary mental health care response to the COVID-19 pandemic in the Philippines. In Oxford University Press eBooks (pp. 162–172). https://doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780197622674.003.0014
- Hoffman, L. (2020). Existential–Humanistic Therapy and Disaster Response: Lessons from the COVID-19 Pandemic. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 61(1), 33–54. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167820931987
- Holgado, M., & Jayvie Villazor. (2024). Technostress among the Digital Immigrant Professors of Bataan Peninsula State University-Main Campus in the Flexible Learning Modality. APJAET - Journal Ay Asia Pacific Journal of Advanced Education and Technology, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.54476/apjaet/42630
- Howland, M., Tennant, M., Bowen, D. J., Bauer, A. M., Fortney, J. C., Pyne, J. M., Shore, J., & Cerimele, J. M. (2020). Psychiatrist and Psychologist Experiences with Telehealth and Remote Collaborative Care in Primary Care: A Qualitative Study. The Journal of Rural Health, 37(4), 780–787. https://doi.org/10.1111/jrh.12523
- Kar, S. K., Shankar, A., & Singh, A. (2022). Mental health problems among mental health professionals: A neglected issue. International Journal of Advanced Medical and Health Research, 9(1), 13. https://doi.org/10.4103/ijamr.ijamr_67_22
- Kaushik, D., & Garg, M. (2024). Holistic approaches to mental health: integrating mind, body, and spirit for comprehensive well-being. International Journal of Advanced Biochemistry Research, 8(3S), 295–299. https://doi.org/10.33545/26174693.2024.v8.i3sd.783
- Labrague, L. J. (2021). Psychological resilience, coping behaviours and social support among health care workers during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A systematic review of quantitative studies. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(7), 1893–1905. https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13336
- Lakioti A., Stalikas A., Pezirkianidis C. (2020). The role of personal, professional, and psychological factors in therapists’ resilience. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 51(6), 560–570. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000306
- Laksov, K. B., Dornan, T., & Teunissen, P. W. (2017). Making theory explicit - An analysis of how medical education research(ers) describe how they connect to theory. BMC Medical Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-016-0848-1
- Lee, Y., Bronstein, L., & Cook, K. (2023.). Telemental health for Rural University-Assisted Community Schools. ERIC. https://eric.ed.gov/?q=The+pandemic+underscores+the+inadequate+access+to+mental+health+services+in+rural+areas+along+with+increased+rates+of+mental+health+issues+in+the+country&id=EJ1361017
- Li, J., Ma, W., Zhang, M., Wang, P., Liu, Y., & Ma, S. (2021). Know Yourself: Physical and Psychological Self-Awareness with LifeLog. Frontiers in Digital Health, 3. https://doi.org/10.3389/fdgth.2021.676824
- Lin, L., Stamm, K. E., Ferenz, K., Wright, C. V., Bethune, S., & Conroy, J. (2022). Relationship between challenges with the use of telehealth and psychologists’ response during the coronavirus pandemic. Professional Psychology: Research and Practice, 53(6), 596–605. https://doi.org/10.1037/pro0000481
- MacDonald, L. M. (2022). Impact of working from home on addressing practitioner burnout and Work–Life balance in mental health. The Permanente Journal, 26(2), 77–82. https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/21.186
- Mair, R., Every-Palmer, S., Mathieson, F., & Jenkin, G. (2022). ‘My Work Matters’: a qualitative exploration of why staff love working in acute mental health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(20), 13619. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192013619
- Mendes-Santos, C., Nunes, F., Weiderpass, E., Santana, R., & Andersson, G. (2022). Understanding mental health professionals’ perspectives and practices regarding the implementation of digital mental health: Qualitative study. JMIR Formative Research, 6(4), e32558. https://doi.org/10.2196/32558
- Moon, J. Y., & Kim, J. (2021). Association between self-esteem and efficacy and mental health in people with disabilities. PLoS ONE, 16(10), e0257943. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0257943
- Narvaez, R. A. (2022). Benefits and challenges of telepsychiatry services in SouthEast Asian nations during the COVID-19 era: An integrative review. Asian Journal of Psychiatry, 73, 103114. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ajp.2022.103114
- Nikolopoulou, K. (2023). What Is Purposive Sampling? | Definition & Examples. Scribbr. https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/purposive-sampling
- Park, E. (2021). Meta-Analysis of Factors Associated with Occupational Therapist Burnout. Occupational Therapy International, 2021, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1155/2021/1226841
- Perrin, P. B., Rybarczyk, B. D., Pierce, B. S., Jones, H. A., Shaffer, C., & Islam, L. (2020). Rapid telepsychology deployment during the COVID‐19 pandemic: A special issue commentary and lessons from primary care psychology training. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 76(6), 1173–1185. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22969
- Philippe, T. J., Sikder, N., Jackson, A., Koblanski, M. E., Liow, E., Pilarinos, A., & Vasarhelyi, K. (2022). Digital Health Interventions for Delivery of Mental Health Care: Systematic and Comprehensive Meta-Review. JMIR Mental Health, 9(5), e35159. https://doi.org/10.2196/35159
- Posluns, K., & Gall, T. L. (2019b). Dear Mental Health Practitioners, Take Care of Yourselves: a Literature Review on Self-Care. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 42(1), 1–20. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/32435076/
- Psychological Association of the Philippines. (2022). Code of Ethics for Philippine Psychologists and Psychometricians.
- Ransdell, L. B., Greenberg, M. E., Isaki, E., Lee, A., Bettger, J. P., Hung, G., Gelatt, A., Lindstrom-Mette, A., & Cason, J. (2021). Best practices for building interprofessional telehealth: Report of a conference. International Journal of Telerehabilitation, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.5195/ijt.2021.6434
- Rawlings Chidi, Adekunle, N., Okolo, A., Olorba Babawarun, & Olawumi, J. (2024). Psychological resilience in healthcare workers: A review of strategies and intervention. World Journal of Biology Pharmacy and Health Sciences, 17(2), 387–395. https://doi.org/10.30574/wjbphs.2024.17.2.0088
- Reupert, A., Greenfeld, D., May, F., Berger, E., Morris, Z. A., Allen, K., Summers, D., & Wurf, G. (2022). COVID-19 and Australian school psychology: Qualitative perspectives for enhancing future practice. School Psychology International, 43(3), 219–236. https://doi.org/10.1177/01430343221091953
- Rico, S. D. S., & Namoca, M. P. E. (2022). The lived experiences of Filipino mental health professionals during the COVID-19 pandemic. Philippine e-Journal for Applied Research and Development, 12(1), 12-22. https://pejard.slu.edu.ph/vol.12/2022.05.16.pdf
- Riscifina, T.G., Sticca, M.G., & Carlotto, M.S., (2025). Technostress in clinical psychologists who provide online care. Empirical research.
- Roundy, P. T., & Bayer, M. A. (2023). Life after digital displacement: analog entrepreneurship and the revitalization of legacy technologies. Journal of Research in Marketing and Entrepreneurship, 26(1), 191–211. https://doi.org/10.1108/jrme-08-2022-0100
- Scanlan, J. N., & Hazelton, T. (2019). Relationships between job satisfaction, burnout, professional identity and meaningfulness of work activities for occupational therapists working in mental health. Australian Occupational Therapy Journal, 66(5), 581–590. https://doi.org/10.1111/1440-1630.12596
- Schaffler, Y., Probst, T., Pieh, C., Haid, B., & Humer, E. (2024). Prevalence of mental health symptoms and potential risk factors among Austrian psychotherapists. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-54372-7
- Scheunemann A, Kim AW, Moolla A, Subramaney U (2023) Coping strategies employed by public psychiatric healthcare workers during the COVID-19 pandemic in southern Gauteng, SouthAfrica.PLoSONE18(8): e0277392.https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0277392
- Selvaraj, P., Muthukanagaraj, P., Saluja, B., Jeyaraman, M., Anudeep, T. C., Gulati, A., Es, S., M, D., Jain, R., Kadhir, I., & Rao, S. P. (2020). Psychological impact of COVID-19 pandemic on healthcare professionals in India – A multicentric cross-sectional study. Indian Journal of Medical Sciences, 0, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.25259/ijms_193_2020
- Shahwan, S., Eng Hong Tay, Shafie, S., Yoke Boon Tan, Savita Gunasekaran, Hsiao, R., Pratika Satghare, Zhang, Y., Wang, P., Sing Chik Tan, & Subramaniam, M. (2024). The protective role of resilience and social support against burnout during the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Public Health, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2024.1374484
- Simon, P. D., Tarroja, M. C. H., & Villegas, A. B. (2023). A descriptive survey of the practices and challenges of Filipino mental health professionals in remote counseling during the COVID-19 pandemic. ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/373822527_A_descriptive_survey_of_the_practices_and_challenges_of_Filipino_mental_health_professionals_in_remote_counseling_during_the_COVID-19_pandemic
- Søvold, L. E., Naslund, J. A., Kousoulis, A. A., Saxena, S., Qoronfleh, M. W., Grobler, C., & Münter, L. (2021). Prioritizing the Mental Health and Well-Being of Healthcare Workers: an urgent global public health priority. Frontiers in Public Health, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpubh.2021.679397
- Sperandeo, R., Cioffi, V., Mosca, L. L., Longobardi, T., Moretto, E., Alfano, Y. M., Scandurra, C., Muzii, B., Cantone, D., Guerriera, C., Architravo, M., & Maldonato, N. M. (2021). Exploring the question: “Does empathy work in the same way in online and In-Person therapeutic settings?” Frontiers in Psychology, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.671790
- Unto, C. K., Quinto, C. J., Ortiz, R., Peralta, C. M., Pineda, C., & David, E. (2023). Lived experiences of mental health service frontliners amidst the COVID-19 pandemic. https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=21756
- users: The role of Career Counseling. Behavioral Sciences, 13(11), 886. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs13110886
- Van Den Broek, A., Galffy, M., & De Vroege, L. (2023). Editorial: Resilience of mental health professionals following the COVID-19 pandemic. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2023.1227848
- World Health Organization. (2022). Mental health. https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/mental-health-strengthening-our-response
- Yin, C. H. (2022, May 18). Boundary Setting of Mental Health Professionals: Its Relationship to Self-Care, Burnout, and Well-Being. Tamu.edu. https://oaktrust.library.tamu.edu/items/8e0c11f7-bedf-4fba-8afa-770242319e6a.
- Ziede, J. S., & Norcross, J. C. (2020). Personal therapy and Self-Care in the making of psychologists. The Journal of Psychology, 154(8), 585–618. chrome-extension://efaidnbmnnnibpcajpcglclefindmkaj/ https://cdn.ymaws.com/ohpsych.org/resource/resmgr/files/about/opa_cap/Personal_Therapy_and_Self-Ca.pdf.