Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 39 no. 5 (2025)

Information and Communication Technology (ICT) Screen Time Access and Academic Performance of Primary Learners

Alvie Peradillo | Romeo Martin

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This descriptive correlation quantitative study was conducted to determine the level of academic performance of primary learners in relation to their Information and Communication Technology (ICT) screen time access. One-hundred and twenty randomly selected pupils from kindergarten up to the third-grade level in Mangelen Integrated School served as the respondents of the study. The data revealed that the academic performance of the learners was satisfactory with the mean grade calculated at 84.36%, and with over-all mean from the ICT screen time access as calculated at 154.92 minutes was on average, which showed that primary learners spent approximately 2.5 hours on ICT devices on a daily basis. The data further show that there was a negligible and no significant relationship between the ICT screen time access and the academic performance of the primary learners with a correlation (rs) value of 0.023 and a p-value of 0.804. The findings suggest that elementary learners' access to ICT screens has no bearing on their academic achievement since they mostly rely on their parents' regulations at home for guidance on studying. This further suggests that even in the appearance of technological gifts like gadgets and devices, parents may continually enforce such regulations in order to maintain the level of academic performance of learners.



References:

  1. Abuhassna, H., Al-Rahmi, W. M., Yahya, N., Zakaria, M. A. Z. M., Kosnin, A. B. M., & Darwish, M. (2020). Development of a new model on utilizingonline learning platforms to improve students’ academic achievements and satisfaction. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17, 1-23.
  2. Affum, M. C. (2022). The Effect of Internet on Students Studies: A Review. DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska-Lincoln. https://digitalcommons.un/.edu>cgi>vi`ewcontent.cgi?article=13409&co ntext=libphilprac
  3. Akman, E., & Çakır, R. (2023). The effect of educational virtual reality games on primary school students’ achievement and engagement in mathematics. Interactive Learning Environments, 31(3), 1467-1484.
  4. Ali, Z., Anuar, A. M. B. M., Mustafa, N. A. B., Halim, K. N. B. A., & Sivabalan, K. (2020, May). A preliminary study on the uses of gadgets among children for learning purposes. In Journal of Physics: Conference Series (Vol. 1529, No. 5, p. 052055). IOP Publishing.
  5. Almulla, M. A. (2022). Constructivism Learning Theory: A paradigm for students’ critical thinking, creativity, and problem solving to affect academic         performance in higher education. https://tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/2331186X.2023.2172929
  6. Aprianti, F., Dayurni, P., Fajari, L. E. W., Pernando, D., & Meilisa, R. (2022). The Impact of Gadgets on Student Learning Outcomes: A Case Study in    Indonesia Junior High School Students. DOI: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7446724.https://jurnal.peneliti.net/i ndex.php/IJEIT
  7. Bay Atlantic University (2022). How Does Technology Impact Student Learning? https://bau.edu>blog>technology-impact-on-learning
  8. Bernard, R. M., Borokhovski, E., Schmid, R. F., & Tamim, R. M. (2023). Gauging the effectiveness of educational technology integration in education: What the best-quality meta-analyses tell us. In Learning, design, and technology: An international compendium of theory, research, practice, and policy (pp. 3929-3952). Cham: Springer International Publishing.
  9. Carstens, K.J., Mallon, J.M., Bataineh, M., & Al-Bataineh, A. (2021). Effects of technology on student learning. https://files.eric.ed.gov>fulltext/EJ1290791.pdf
  10. Chaudhary, V. (2022). Impact of modern technology in the field of education. https://law.dypvp.edu.in>blogs>impact-of-modern-technology-in-the- field-of-education
  11. Chen, W., Chan, T.W., Looi, C.K., Liao, C., Cheng, H., Wong, S.L., Mason, J., So, H.J., Murthy, S., Gu, X., & Pi, Z. (2020). IDC Theory: Habit and the habit Loop. https://telrp.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186-020-00127- 7
  12. Concordia University Texas (2021). 3 Reasons Why Teachers Need to Use Technology in the Classroom. https://www.concordia.edu>blog>3- reasons-why-teachers-ned-technology-in-the-classroom.html
  13. Coventry, L., Dixon, M., Joinson, A., & Briggs, P. (2022). Exploring age and gender differences in ICT cybersecurity behavior. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/2693080
  14. Education Minder (2022). Use of ICT in education: role and importance of ICT. https://www.educationminder.com>technology
  15. Ejemeyovwi, J. O., & Osabuohien, E. S. (2020). Investigating the relevance of mobile technology adoption on inclusive growth in West Africa. Contemporary Social Science.
  16. Erlangga, D. T. (2022). Student problems in online learning: solutions to keep education going on. Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, 3(1), 21-26.
  17. Ferri, F., Grifoni, P., & Guzzo, T. (2020). Online learning and emergency remote teaching: Opportunities and challenges in emergency situations. Societies, 10(4), 86.
  18. García-Hermoso, A., Hormazábal-Aguayo, I., Fernández-Vergara, O., Olivares, P. R., & Oriol-Granado, X. (2020). Physical activity, screen time and subjective well-being among children. International Journal of Clinical and Health Psychology, 20(2), 126-134.
  19. Ghadamgahi, M., & Ghafournia, N. (2024). The Intersection of Gender, Culture, and Metacognitive Reading Strategies in Iranian EFL Education: A Mixed-Methods Analysis in Pursuit of Inclusion and Equity. J-SHMIC: Journal of English for Academic, 11(1), 1-19.
  20. Goswami, S., Uddin, M. S., & Islam, M. R. (2020). Implementation of Active Learning for ICT Education in Schools. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/345401614_implementation_of_Active_Learning_for_ICT_Education_in_Schools.September 2020
  21. Johanson, J. (2021). Factors that influence academic performance and productivity. https://www.academicgates.com>blog>factors-that- influence-academic-performance-and-productivity/224
  22. Juhañak, L., Zounek, J., Zaleska, K. Barta, O., & Vlckova, K. (2019). The relationship between the age of first computer use and student’s perceived competence and autonomy in ICT usage: A mediation analysis. https://doi.org/10.1016/ j. compedu.2019.103614
  23. Koh, J. H. L., & Daniel, B. K. (2022). Shifting online during COVID-19: A systematic review of teaching and learning strategies and their outcomes. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 19(1), 56.
  24. Kopecký, K., Fernández-Martín, F. D., Szotkowski, R., Gómez-García, G., & Mikulcová, K. (2021). Behavior of Children, Adolescents, and the use of mobile phones in primary schools in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(16), 8352.
  25. Küçük, T. (2023). Technology integrated teaching and its positive and negative impacts on education. International Journal of Social Sciences & Educational Studies, 10(1), 46.
  26. Lee Wen-Yu, S., Liang, J., Hsu, C., Chien, F.P., & Tsai, M. (2023). Exploring potential factors to students’ computational thinking. Httpss://www.jstor.otg/stable/48734329
  27. Love, H.B., Stephens, A., Fosdick, B.K., and Fisher, E.R. (2022). The Impact of Gender Diversity on Scientific Research Teams: A Need to Broaden and Accelerate Future Research. https://www.nature.com/articles/s41599-022-01389-w
  28. Malik, F. and Marwaha, R. (2022). Developmental Stages of Socio Emotional Development in Children. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK534819/
  29. McLelland, J. (2024). Connecting Piaget’s Cognitive Development Theory to Technology in the Early Years. https://hekupu.ac.nz/article/connecting- piagets-cognitive-development-theory-technology-early-years.  Vol.  8 No 1
  30. Mineshita, Y., Kim, H. K., Chijiki, H., Nanba, T., Shinto, T., Furuhashi, S., Oneda, S., Kuwahara, M. & Shibata, S. (2021). Screen time duration and timing: effects on obesity, physical activity, dry eyes, and learning ability in elementary school children. BMC Public Health, 21, 1-11.
  31. Narsico, N. S., & Flores, G. B. (2023). Screentime Activity and Academic Productivity of Students. Asian Education 2023. Mandaue City, Cebu, Philippines.
  32. Noor, U., Younas, M., Aldayel, H.S., Menhas, R., & Quingyu, X. (2022). Learning Behavior, Digital Platform for Learning and its Impacts on University Student’s Motivation and Knowledge Development. https://www.frontiersin.org/article
  33. Odgers, C. L., & Jensen, M. R. (2020). Annual research review: Adolescent mental health in the digital age: Facts,        fears, and future directions. Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry, 61(3), 336-348.
  34. Ofcom (2020). Children and parents: Media use and attitudes report. Retrieved from https://www.ofcom.org.uk/ data/assets/pdf_file/0020/198034/children- media-use-attitudes-2020-report.pdf
  35. Patel, M., Patel, S.K., Suresh, S., Vishwakarma, K. & Singh, S. (2023). Relationship between screen time and academic performance in adolescents. https://caspianjp.ir>article-1-198-en.pdf
  36. Pusterla, F., & Renold, U. (2022). Does ICT affect the demand for vocationally educated workers? https://sjes.springeropen.com>articles
  37. Ramírez, S. (2021). Use of Technology and Its Association with Academic Performance and Life Satisfaction Among Children and Adolescents. Frontiers.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.76405 4/full
  38. Ray, K. (2023). Here’s what the research says about screen time and school aged kids. Hhtps://edtechmagazine.com>article
  39. Rothstein, J. D., Buckland, A. J., Gagnier, K., Ochoa, M., Allen-Valley, A., Jivapong, B., & Fisher, K. R. (2021). Assessing the play and learning environments of children under two years in peri-urban Lima, Peru: a formative research study. BMC public health, 21, 1-15.
  40. Sapci, O., Elhai, J. D., Amialchuk, A., & Montag, C. (2021). The relationship between smartphone use and studentsacademic performance. Learning and Individual Differences, 89, 102035.
  41. Singh, S., & Balhara, Y. P. S. (2021). “Screen-time” for children and adolescents in COVID-19 times: Need to have the contextually informed perspective. Indian journal of psychiatry, 63(2), 192-195.
  42. Strom, A. (2021). The Negative Effects of Technology for Students and Educators. https://nwcommons.nwciowa.edu>viewcontent.cgi?article=1 322&context=education_masters
  43. Timotheou, S., Miliou, O., Dimitriadis, Y., Sobrino, S. V., Giannoutsou, N., Cachia, R., Martinez, A. M., & Ioannou, A. (2023). Impacts of digital technologies on education and factors influencing schools’ digital capacity and transformation: A literature review. Education and information technologies, 28(6), 6695-6726.
  44. Twenge, J. M., & Farley, E. (2021). Not all screen time is created equal: associations with mental health vary by activity and gender. Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology, 56, 207-217.
  45. Van Dijk, J. (2020). The digital divide. John Wiley & Sons.Goswami, I., Angayarkanni, R., BP, M. S., Reddy, A. V. G., & Kataria, A. (2024). Digital Classrooms: The Role of Technology in Shaping 21st-Century Education. Decision Making: Applications in Management and Engineering, 7(1), 312-328.
  46. Walker, T. (2023). All that scrolling: how screen time impacts students. https://www. Nea.org>nea>today>all-news-articles
  47. Wang, M. T., Henry, D. A., & Degol, J. L. (2020). A development-in- sociocultural-context perspective on the multiple pathways to youth’s engagement in learning. In Advances in motivation science (Vol. 7, pp. 113-160). Elsevier.
  48. Youssef, A. B., Dahmani, M., & Ragni, L. (2022). ICT use, digital skill, and students’ academic performance: Exploring the digital divide. https://www.mdpi.com/2078-2489/13/3/129
  49. Zain, Z. M., Jasmin, F. N. N., Haris, N. H., & Nurudin, S. M. (2022). Gadgets and Their Impact on Child Development. https://www.mdpi.com/2504- 3900/82/1/6. 7 September 2022

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic