HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 23 no. 1 (2024)

Relationship between Organizational Culture and Perceived Quality of Working Life among Local Government Employees

Jamie Bianca Tiongco | Jefferson Jimenez

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study examined the relationship between the perceived quality of working life and organizational culture among local government employees in Lubao, Pampanga, Philippines. To determine the variables and their relationships, a quantitative approach and descriptive-correlational study design were used. The respondents have been engaged at the local government agency for a minimum of one year. They are classified as either permanent or casual employees. No matter the age or gender of the participant, only 87 permanent workers and 85 casual employees met the requirements and were thus eligible to participate. The findings revealed that there was a high degree of perceived quality of working life among both permanent and temporary workers of the local administration. Job and career satisfaction are two of the psychosocial aspects that both respondents report having a high degree of. On the other hand, they deal with a great deal of stress on the job. The results of this research showed that among permanent workers, there is no correlation between organizational culture and their perceived of the quality of their working lives. On top of that, the organizational culture has a substantial impact on the way casual workers evaluate their quality of life on the job.



References:

  1. Adams, Bert N. and Sydie,R. (2002). Contemporary Sociological Theory, Thousand Oaks, Pine Forge.
  2. Adriaenssens, J., De Gucht, V. &Maes, S. (2015). Association of goal orientation with work engagement and burnout in emergency  nurses. Journal of Occupational Health, Vol. 57, No. 10, pp. 15-39. Retrieved  from:https://www.researchgate.net/publication/273152551_Association_of_goal_orientation_with_work_engagement_and_burnout_in_emergency_nurses
  3. Ahmed, M. & Shafiq, S. (2014). The Impact of Organizational Culture on Organizational Performance : A case study of Telecom  Sector. Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management. (Vol.14, Issue 3).
  4. Alfieri, D. 2015. Marketing plan research and assessment. Retrieved February 20, 2020,  fromhttps://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/social-sciences/quantitative
  5. research?fbclid=IwAR0N_M9FQJK1SA0yI08gj0wkrUfiRCBzH8_YJw8xreVSn6 RPgcWS9Oy6T8E
  6. American Psychological Association. (2017). Change at work linked to employee stress, distrust and intent to quit, new survey finds.  Retrieved from: https://www.apa.org/news/press/releases/2017/05/employee-stress
  7. Amin, Z. (2012). Quality of Work Life in Indonesian Public Service Organizations: The Role of Career Development and Personal  Factors, International Journal of Applied Psychology, Vol. 3 No. 3, 2013, pp. 38-44. Retrieved from:  http://article.sapub.org/10.5923.j.ijap.20130303.02.html
  8. Aranganathan P.&Sivarethinamohan, R. (2012). Quality of work life as perceived by employees in private sector manufacturing  companies – a research paper. Elixir Human Resource Management, Vol. 44, pp. 7462-7470.
  9. Ashipaoloye, F. (2014). A comparative analysis of the organizational culture and employee’s motivation of selected cities in  CALABARZON : Basis for employee’s motivation, leadership and Innovative management. (Vol. 2, No. 5).
  10. Babones, S. (2013). Government exists to serve the people, not the privileged. Retrieved from:  https://inequality.org/research/government-exists-serve-people/
  11. Bagtasos, R. &Espere, R. (2010). Quality of work life (QWL) of selected secondary school teachers in Davao City. Retrieved from:  https://ejournals.ph/article.php?id=6790
  12. Bandura, A. (1977). Social Learning Theory. New York: General Learning Press.
  13. Barrow, K. (2019). Organizational Culture Change in the United States Government and its Application in State and Local Public  Health Agencies : A Literature Review. Capstone Experience. Retrieved from: 
  14. https://digitalcommons.unmc.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=1100&context=cop h_slce
  15. Bhui, K., Dinos, S., Miecznikowska, M., Jongh, B. &Stansfeld, S. (2016). Perceptions of work stress causes and effective interventions  in employees working in public, private and non-governmental organizations : a qualitative study. Retrieved from  https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5353523/
  16. Boone, D., Rossoni, E., Simao, R., Filho, F., Piacentini, M. &Piacentini, A. (2019). Quality of work life in higher education institutions.  International Journal of Innovation Education and Research. Vol. 7, No. 4, pp. 13 - 95
  17. Boyle, S. (2020). The role of leadership in changing organizational culture. Retrieved from: https://cultureiq.com/blog/role-leadership changing-organizational-culture/
  18. Brooks, C. (2017). Change in the workplace stresses your employees out most. Retrieved from:  https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/8744-changes-at-work-stress.html
  19. Bullock, R. (2013). Characteristics of effective training program. Retrieved February 19, 2020, from http://www.scontrino powell.com/2013/effective-training-programs/?fbclid=IwAR0VBZL2ydSIg1VDlu20ApeHUJEIJLy8kSjsYCpQBVR 
  20. Calleja, M. (2018). Squaring the circle: Facing the challenges of local government transformationin the Philippines. Retrieved from:  https://inlogov.com/2018/07/06/squaring-the-circle-facing-the-challenges-of- local-government-transformation-in-the-philippines/
  21. Chipunza, C. & Malo, B. (2017). Organizational culture and job satisfaction among academic professionals at a South African  University of Technology. Problems and Perspectives in Management.Vol. 15, No. 2, pp. 148 – 161. Retrieved from:  https://www.businessperspectives.org/images/pdf/applications/publishing/templat 
  22. es/article/assets/8821/PPM_2017_02_Chipunza.pdf
  23. Department of Budget and Management. (2021). Local Budget Circular No. 132. Retrieved from: https://www.dbm.gov.ph/wp content/uploads/Issuances/2021/Local- Budget-Circular/LOCAL-BUDGET-CIRCULAR-NO-132.pdf
  24. Derrick, L. (2019). How to help your employees find work – life balance. Retrieved from:https://toggl.com/blog/how-to-help employees-find-work-life-balance
  25. Easton S. & Van Laar D. (2013). QoWL (Quality of Working Life) – What, How, and Why?.Psychology Research. Vol. 3, No. 10, pp.  596-605. Retrieved from: http://www.davidpublisher.org/Public/uploads/Contribute/56a9925d3618a.pdf
  26. Easton, S. & Van Laar, D. (2018). User Manual for the Work-Related Quality of Life (WRQoL) Scale : A measure of quality of working life. Second Edition.
  27. Eddleston, K. & Mulki, J. (2015). Toward understanding remote workers’ management of work-family boundaries : The complexity  of workplace embeddedness. Group & Organization Management. Vol. 42, No. 3, pp. 346 -387. Retrieved from:  https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1059601115619548
  28. Edwards, J., Van Laar, D. & Easton, S., (2009). The work-related quality of life (WRQoL) scale for higher education employees.  Quality in Higher Education, Vol.15, No. 3,pp. 207-219
  29. Emidio, T., Malfara, D. &Neher, K. (2017). Improving the customer experience to achieve government – agency goals. Retrieved from:https://www.mckinsey.com/industries/public-and-social-sector/our- insights/improving-the-customer-experience-to-achieve government-agency- goals#
  30. Flovik, L., Knardahl, S., & Christensen, J. (2019). The effect of the organizational changes on the psychosocial work environment:  Changes in psychological and social working conditions following organizational changes. Frontiers in Psychology. Vol. 10, pp 28–45. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6932979/
  31. Forsey, C. (2018). What organizational culture is & Why it matters. Retrieved February 19, 2020,from https://blog.hubspot.com/marketing/organizational- culture?fbclid=IwAR3YiWvzlbRC8Kw40LkUaEyJRqOnCAVAUkLbNm_yUI1 
  32. Gala, J., Comiling, M., Novela, R. &Mahuyop, R.(2016). Political Socialization and Quality of Work Life among Constituents in Davao Region, Philippines. International Journal of Social Science Studies. Vol. 4, No. 3, pp. 100-106
  33. Glen, S. (2020). Correlation coefficient simple definition, formula, easy steps. Retrieved January 22, 2021 from  https://www.statisticshowto.com/probability-and- statistics/correlation-coefficient-formula/#Pearson
  34. Gochhayat, J., Giri, V. &Suar, D. (2017). Influence of organizational culture on organizational effectiveness: The mediating role of  organizational communication.Global Business Review. Vol. 8, No. 3, pp. 691-702.
  35. Heathfield, S. (2021). What is human resource?.Retrived from: https://www.thebalancecareers.com/what-is-a-human-resource 1918144
  36. Imran, H. (2011). Investigate the effect of quality of work-life on construction craft worker’s job satisfaction.
  37. Islam, Z. &Siengthai, S. (2009). Quality of work life and organizational performance : Empirical evidence from Dhaka Export  Processing Zone.
  38. Joseph, O. & Kibera, F. (2019). Organizational culture and Performance : Evidence from microfinance institutions in Kenya.
  39. Karatepe, O. &Douri, B. (2012). Does customer orientation mediate the effect of job resourcefulness on hotel employee outcomes?  Evidence from Iran. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management. Vol. 19, Iss. 1, pp. 133-142
  40. Kelbiso, L., Belay, A. &Woldie, M. (2017). Determinants of quality of work life among nurses working in Hawassa Town public  Health Facilities, South Ethiopia: A cross- sectional study. Retrieved from: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29379654/
  41. Kenton, W. (2020). Human Resources. Business Essentials. Retrieved from:  https://www.investopedia.com/terms/h/humanresources.asp
  42. Kim, M. & Cho, K. (2003). Quality of Life Among Government Employees. The Quality of Life in Korea. Social Indicators Research  Series, Vol. 14. Springer, Dordrecht. Retrieved from: Retrieved from: https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978- 94-017-0281- 2_19
  43. Kriemadis, T., Koniordos, M., Leivadi, S., Mavromatis, C., Kartakoullis, N., Karlis, G., Oncescu, J., (2008). Organizational culture in  middle and upper level hotel units in Greece. International Journal of Sport Management, Recreation and Tourism, Vol. 1, pp.31-44.
  44. Kuokkanen, L., Suominen, T., Harkonen, E., Kukkurainen, M. & Doran, D. (2009). Effects of organizational change on work-related  empowerment, employee satisfaction and motivation. Nurs Adm Q, Vol.33, No. 2, pp. 116-124. Retrieved from:  https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19305308/
  45. Legaspi, P. (2010). The changing role of local government under a decentralized state: The case of the Philippines. Public Management  Reviews, Vol.3, No.1, pp. 131-139.
  46. Leitao, J., Pereira, D. & Goncalves, A. (2019). Quality of Work Life and Organizational Performance:Workers’ Feelings of  Contributing, or Not, to the Organization’s Productivity.International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol.16,  No. 20.
  47. Lotich, P. (2018). 5 things your organization can do to improve employee well-being. Retrieved from :  https://thethrivingsmallbusiness.com/improve-employee-well- being/
  48. Lufkin, B. (2021). What’s wrong to look at work-life balance as an achievement. Retrieved from:  https://www.bbc.com/worklife/article/20210302-why-work-life-balance-is- not-an-achievement
  49. Mahadevan, A. & Mohamed, F. (2014). Impact of human resource management (HRM) practices on employee performance. (A case  of Telecom Malaysia). International Journal of Accounting and Business Management, Vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 29-42. Retrieved from:  https://www.ftms.edu.my/journals/pdf/IJABM/Nov2014/29- 42.pdf
  50. Martic, K. (2020). What is employee wellbeing and how to launch a wellbeing program. Retrieved from:  https://blog.smarp.com/employee-wellbeing-definition- importance-best-practice
  51. Martin, R. (2020). The importance of employee well-being in workplace culture. Retrieved from: https://beehivepr.biz/the-importance of-employee-well-being-in-workplace- culture/
  52. McNamara, C. (2006). Field guide to consulting and organizational development: A collaborative and systems approach to  performance, change and learning.
  53. Mierlo, van, H. (2003). Self-managing teamwork and psychological well-being. Technische Universiteit Eindhoven. Retrieved from: https://doi.org/10.6100/IR56620
  54. Narehan, H., Hairunnisa, M., Norfadzillah, R. &Freziamella, L. (2014). The effect of quality of work life (QWL) programs on quality  of life (QOL) among employees at multinational companies in Malaysia. Social and Behavioral Sciences. Vol., 112,pp. 24-34.
  55. Ntisa, A., Dhurup, M. & Joubert, P. (2016). The contract of employment status and its influence on the job satisfaction of academics  within South African Universities of Technology. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity Studies, Vol. 8, No. 2.
  56. Ogbonnaya, C. (2019). When teamwork is good for employees – and when it isn’t. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2019/08/when teamwork-is-good-for-employees- and-when-it-isnt
  57. Ogbuabor D. &Okoronkwo, I. (2019). The influence of quality of work life on motivation and retention of locall government  tuberculosis control programme supervisors in South-eastern Nigeria. PLoS One14 (7) e0220292. Retrieved from:  https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/journal.pone.0220292#pone.0 220292.ref018
  58. Parker, R. & Bradley, L. (2000). Organisational culture in the public sector: evidence from six organisations. International Journal of  Public Sector Management, Vol. 13, No. 2, pp. 125–141. Retrieved from: https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/09513550010338773/full/h tml
  59. Paschal, A.& Nizam, I. (2016). Effects of Organisational Culture on Employees Performance. International Journal of Accounting and  Business Management. 4. 19-26. 10.24924/ijabm/2016.04/v4.iss1/19.26.
  60. PeoPlaid. (2020). Esmeralda Pineda Biography. Retrieved from: https://peoplaid.com/2020/03/07/esmeralda-pineda/
  61. Permarupan, P. et al., (2013). Quality of Work Life on Employees Job Involvement and Affective Commitment between Public and  Private Sector in Malaysia. Asian Social Science, Vol. 9, No. 7, pp. 268 – 278.
  62. Pomaki, G., Maes, S. & Ter Doest, L. (2004). Work conditions and employees’ self – set goals : Goal processes enhance prediction of  psychological distress and well-being. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, Vol. 30, No. 6, pp. 689 – 694.
  63. Racelis, A. (2010). The influence of the organizational culture on the performance of Philippine banks.
  64. Rahmawati, T. &Setiawati, T. (2017). The influence of quality of work life and organizational culture on employee performance with  job satisfaction as an intervening variable.
  65. Rampton, J. (2016). How work life balance can keep your employees happy and your business healthy. Retrieved from :  https://www.inc.com/john-rampton/how-work- life-balance-can-keep-your-employees-happy-and-your-business-healthy.html
  66. Roy, B. (2021). 9 best practices to keep employee satisfaction high. Retrieved from : https://blog.vantagecircle.com/employee satisfaction/
  67. Ruggierro, J., An, J. & Yom, Y. (2011). Organizational Culture, Quality of work life and organizational effectiveness in korean  university hospitals. Retrieved from:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/44888822_Organizational_Culture_Quality_of_Work_Life_and_Organizational_Effectives s_in_Korean_University_Hospitals
  68. Sambantham, M. &Venkatramaraju, D. (2016). Human resource management (HRM) practices in multinational companies with  reference to knowledge transfer. International Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.
  69. Sanfilippo, M. (2020). How to improve your work-life balance today. Retrieved from: https://www.businessnewsdaily.com/5244- improve-work-life-balance-today.html
  70. Sashkin M. & Rosenbach, W. (2013). Organizational Culture Assessment Questionnaire. Retrieved from: https://leadingandfollowing.com/documents/OCAQParticipantManual.pdf
  71. Scarano, G. (2017). H&M sets goal to improve working conditions and wages. Retrieved from:  https://sourcingjournal.com/topics/labor/hm-sets-goals-improve-working- conditions-wages-67100/
  72. Schraeder, M.,Tears, R. & Jordan, M. (2005). Organizational culture in public sector organizations: Promoting change through training  and leading by example. Leadership and Organization Development Journal. Vol. 26, No. 6, pp. 492-502.
  73. Schumaker, A. (2014). Predicting perceived effectiveness of training in local government: A study of a Municipal Clerks Training  Program. (Vol. 7, pp. 51-59).
  74. Selase, A. (2018). How organizational culture affects employee(s) work engagement in the insurance industries in Ghana : An  ambidextrous Approach (AAA). Journal of Management and Strategy, Vol. 9, No. 4, pp. 22-36. Retrieved from:  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/328280188_How_Organizational_Culture_Affects_Employees_Work_Engagement_in_the _Insurance_Industries_in_G hana_An_Ambidextrous_Approach_AAA
  75. Sheppard, G. (2016). Work-life balance programs to improve employee performance. Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies.  Retrieved from: https://scholarworks.waldenu.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=3161&context=diss ertation
  76. Shukla, K., Shahane S, D’Souza W. (2017). Role of demographic and job- related variables in determining work-related quality of life  of hospital employees.
  77. Singh, S. (2018). Sampling Techniques. Retrieved February 20, 2020, from https://towardsdatascience.com/sampling-techniques a4e34111d808.
  78. Srivastava, S. & Kanpur, R. (2014). A study on quality of work life : Key elements and its implications.
  79. Tsai, Y. (2011). Relationship between Organizational Culture, Leadership Behavior and Job Satisfaction. BMC Health Serv Res 11,  98.
  80. Uzzo, P. (2002). A comparison of organizational culture between administrative affairs administrators and academic affairs  administrators at selected institutions of higher education.
  81. Valizadeh, A. &Ghahremani, J. (2012). The relationship between organizational culture and quality of working life of employees. Retrieved from: https://www.imedpub.com/articles/the-relationship-between-organizational- culture-and-quality-of working-life-of-employees.php?aid=16779
  82. Watkins, M. (2013). What is Organizational Culture? And Why Should We Care?. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2013/05/what-is organizational-culture
  83. Williams, B. (2021). Why work/life balance is key to successful organizational change. Retrieved from:  https://www.forwardfocusinc.com/jumpstart-change/why- worklife-balance-is-key-to-successful-organizational-change/
  84. Wisse, B.&Sleebos, E. (2015). When change causes stress : Effects of self-construal and change consequences. Journal of Business  and Psychology, Vol.31, pp. 249 – 264. Retrieved from: https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC4856724/
  85. World Health Organization.(2018).Ageing and health. Retrieved from: https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ageing and-health
  86. Yosinta, O. (2016). Organizational culture and Good Governance in the Public Sector: The Case of Provincial Administration in  Thailand. International Development Department. Retrieved from: https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/71999464.pdf
  87. Zucker, R. (2017). Help your team achieve work-life balance – Even when you can’t. Retrieved from: https://hbr.org/2017/08/helpyour-team-achieve-work-life-balance-even-when-you-cant