Exploring the Lived Experiences of Grade 3 Teachers in Implementing Reading Comprehension Strategies
Creza Sumalinab | Bryan L Cancio
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This research is conducted to determine the lived experience of grade 3 teachers in teaching reading comprehension
strategies under the K to 12 curricula in Caraga South District, Davao Oriental, Region XI, Philippines. The research
aimed to investigate various teaching methods that will mitigate the reading achievements and comprehension of the
learners. This investigation utilized a qualitative interpretative phenomenological research design and data was
collected through an established semi-structured interview guide through in-depth interviews with five teacherparticipants. For adequate results, thematic analysis was applied to discover the themes underlying the responses of
the teachers to gain insight into how the teachers applied various techniques to improve the reading comprehension
of the learners. The findings indicated the learners’ processing of words, comprehension of vocabulary and both use
and effective application of background knowledge to bridge the reading anxiety among the learners to successfully
link with effective and appropriate teaching strategies. The study is in conducted in line with Stanovich's interactivecompensatory theory of reading, which claimed that there was a need for learners to acquire basic skills to developing
reading skills. der education. Research may also like to explore these strategies in other educational settings such as
secondary or tertiary schools to evaluate how effective such a method could be by employing diverse research designs
or doing some form of research in order to yield deeper insights and academic knowledge.
References:
- Alexander, P. A., & Fox, E. (2022). Learning to read in a complex world: Insights from research on reading and cognition. Cambridge University Press.
- Beck, I. L., McKeown, M. G., & Kucan, L. (2022). Bringing words to life: Robust vocabulary instruction (3rd ed.). Guilford Press.
- Blachowicz, C. L. Z., & Fisher, P. J. (2021). Teaching vocabulary in all classrooms (6th ed.). Pearson.
- Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2021). Thematic analysis: A practical guide. Sage Publications.
- Cervetti, G. N., & Hiebert, E. H. (2023). Conceptual knowledge and reading comprehension: A cross-curricular perspective. Teachers College Press.
- Clark, J. M., & Paivio, A. (2021). Dual coding theory and education. Educational Psychology Press.
- Coyne, M. D., Simmons, D. C., Hagan-Burke, S., & Santoro, L. E. (2023). Effects of multimedia vocabulary instruction for primary-grade struggling readers. Journal of Learning Disabilities, 56(2), 89–105.
- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2023). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (6th ed.). Sage Publications.
- DepEd. (2022). 2022 National Achievement Test results. Department of Education.
- Dinoro, J., Santos, L., & Medina, R. (2023). Reading comprehension challenges and interventions in early education. Journal of Literacy Studies, 15(2), 45–62.
- Duke, N. K., & Cervetti, G. N. (2021). The effects of content-area literacy instruction on reading comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 361–379.
- Duke, N. K., & Pearson, P. D. (2022). Effective practices for developing reading comprehension. In S. J. Samuels & A. E. Farstrup (Eds.), What research has to say about reading instruction (4th ed., pp. 51–93). International Reading Association.
- Duke, N. K., Halvorsen, A.-L., & Strachan, S. L. (2023). The knowledge gap: The hidden cause of America’s broken education system—and how to fix it. Scholastic.
- Gambrell, L. B., & Marinak, B. A. (2021). Creating motivational learning environments: Empowering students to engage in literacy. The Reading Teacher, 74(5), 591–599.
- Graves, M. F., August, D., & Mancilla-Martinez, J. (2021). Teaching vocabulary to English language learners. Teachers College Press.
- Guthrie, J. T., Klauda, S. L., & Ho, A. N. (2022). Engagement and motivation in reading: Research and implications. Educational Psychologist, 57(1), 9–23.
- Hadley, E., & Boon, R. T. (2022). Visual supports in vocabulary instruction: A strategy for young learners. Intervention in School and Clinic, 57(5), 285–292.
- Heguerra, M., & Cacho, P. (2022). Word recognition versus meaning-making: An analysis of reading comprehension difficulties. Philippine Journal of Education Research, 10(1), 78–90.
- Hudson, R. F., Lane, H. B., & Pullen, P. C. (2021). Phonics and word recognition: Foundations for literacy development. Literacy Research Association.
- Kamenetz, A. (2023). Post-pandemic literacy: Reading recovery efforts in U.S. schools. Center on Reinventing Public Education.
- Kilpatrick, D. A. (2021). Equipped for reading success: A comprehensive, step-by-step program for developing phonemic awareness and fluent word recognition. Casey & Kirsch Publishers.
- Lee, J. (2021). The role of oral language in vocabulary development and reading comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 56(3), 391–406.
- Lee, S., Martinez, R., & Cruz, J. (2023). Effects of explicit vocabulary instruction on reading comprehension among elementary students. Journal of Literacy Research, 55(2), 145–168.
- Lopez, R., & Cruz, E. (2023). Challenges in teaching reading comprehension in Philippine public schools. Educational Review Quarterly, 12(4), 120–136.
- McNamara, D. S., & Kendeou, P. (2021). Reading comprehension: Strategies and theories. In D. S. McNamara (Ed.), Reading comprehension strategies: Theories, interventions, and technologies (pp. 1–16). Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
- Martinez, R., & Cruz, J. (2021). Connecting vocabulary instruction to students’ real-life experiences: Strategies for engagement. Reading Improvement Quarterly, 38(1), 22–35.
- Moats, L. C., & Tolman, C. A. (2022). Speech to print: Language essentials for teachers (3rd ed.). Brookes Publishing.
- Morales, J., Diaz, F., & Santos, T. (2023). Reading proficiency levels among Grade 3 pupils in selected public schools: A Philippine Informal Reading Inventory study. Asian Journal of Education, 8(3), 101–115.
- Nash, H., & Snow, C. E. (2023). Building vocabulary through experience-based instruction: A review of research and practice. Language and Literacy, 25(1), 45–61.
- Ness, M., & Kenny, M. (2021). The power of pre-reading strategies in elementary classrooms. The Reading Teacher, 74(2), 163–173.
- Ouellette, G., & Fraser, S. (2022). The role of automatic word recognition in reading comprehension. Reading Psychology, 43(3), 225–244.
- Paguyo, N. (2022). Intentional reading strategies to enhance comprehension. Reading Education Journal, 9(1), 32–48.
- Paivio, A. (2021). Imagery and verbal processes. Psychology Press.
- Pressley, M., & Allington, R. L. (2023). Reading instruction that works: The case for balanced teaching (5th ed.). Guilford Press.
- Probst, R. E. (2022). Response and analysis: Teaching literature in secondary school (6th ed.). Heinemann.
- Rasinski, T. V., & Smith, J. (2023). Repeated oral reading: Enhancing word familiarity and fluency in early readers. The Reading Teacher, 76(1), 10–18.
- Rosenblatt, L. M. (2022). The reader, the text, the poem: The transactional theory of the literary work. Southern Illinois University Press.
- Salcedo, V., & Reyes, M. (2023). Inference and summarizing difficulties among Filipino Grade 3 learners. Philippine Literacy Review, 11(2), 67–81.
- Santos, L. (2024). Teacher workload and literacy instruction effectiveness: A qualitative study. Journal of Philippine Education, 16(1), 55–70.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, K. (2022). Vocabulary breadth and depth as predictors of reading fluency in young learners. Elementary School Journal, 122(4), 390–407.
- Stahl, S. A., & Nagy, W. E. (2023). Teaching word meanings. Routledge.
- Stanovich, K. E. (1980). Toward an interactive-compensatory model of individual differences in the development of reading fluency. Reading Research Quarterly, 16(1), 32–71.
- The Times. (2023). Reading age deficit in Scottish elementary pupils. The Times Education Supplement.