Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 40 no. 5 (2025)

Studies on Chatbots in Education Over 14 Years: A Bibliometric Study

Mark Anthony Rodriguez | Aniceto Naval

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

With the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence, chatbots have become increasingly integrated into educational settings, offering personalized learning experiences, real-time feedback, and enhanced student engagement. While global interest in educational chatbots is growing, regional trends within Southeast Asia, particularly the ASEAN countries, remain underexplored. This study investigates the research landscape of chatbot applications in education across ASEAN through a bibliometric analysis of 215 publications indexed in Lens.org from 2010 to 2024. Using VOSviewer, the study conducted co-authorship analysis to examine research collaborations, keyword co-occurrence to identify prevailing themes, citation analysis to assess influential publications, and bibliometric coupling to explore thematic linkages. Results indicate that Malaysia leads the region in terms of publication volume, though regional collaboration remains limited. Key research themes include artificial intelligence, ChatGPT, curriculum development, and adaptive learning, demonstrating the growing role of chatbots in pedagogical innovation. Influential sources are predominantly technology-focused journals, reflecting the interdisciplinary nature of the field. The findings reveal a maturing but unevenly distributed research environment, with emerging trends pointing to the increasing relevance of conversational AI in education. The study highlights the need for stronger international and regional collaboration, particularly within ASEAN, to build a more cohesive research community. It also emphasizes the importance of aligning chatbot development with educational objectives while addressing ethical, usability, and accessibility concerns. Future research should focus on inclusive design and long-term pedagogical impacts to maximize the educational benefits of chatbots.



References:

  1. Abd-Alrazaq, A., Alajlani, M., Alalwan, A., Bewick, B., Gardner, P., & Househ, M. (2019). An overview of the features of chatbots in mental health: A scoping review. International journal of medical informatics, 132, 103978 . https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijmedinf.2019.103978.
  2. Aldulaimi, S. H., Abdeldayem, M. M., & Abo Keir, M. Y. (2024). AI-Powered Chatbots in Higher Education: A UTAUT2 and ECM Analysis. https://doi.org/10.53935/jomw.v2024i4.483
  3. Benaddi, L., Ouaddi, C., Jakimi, A., & Ouchao, B. (2024). A Systematic Review of Chatbots: Classification, Development, and Their Impact on Tourism. IEEE Access, 12, 78799-78810. https://doi.org/10.1109/ACCESS.2024.3408108.
  4. Bhambri, P., & Rani, S. (2024). Issues Related to Chatbots (pp. 130–147). IGI Global. https://doi.org/10.4018/979-8-3693-1830-0.ch008
  5. Brandtzæg, P., & Følstad, A. (2018). Chatbots. Interactions, 25, 38 - 43. https://doi.org/10.1145/3236669.
  6. Chen, X., Zou, D., Xie, H., & Wang, F. L. (2024). Educational chatbot research: text mining and bibliometrics. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–19. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2430632
  7. Chung, N. H. T., & Cam, T. A. (2025). Clarivate Research Fronts in the Digital Education: Perspectives from Asean Higher Education System. Journal of Ecohumanism, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.62754/joe.v4i1.5975
  8. Gaikwad, A., Sangole, A., Madankar, M., Thakre, D., Tembhurne, A., & Mali, H. (2024). ChatGPT: Unraveling User Challenges; Proposing Targeted Improvements. 5, 17–20. https://doi.org/10.1109/iccpct61902.2024.10673027
  9. Hwang, G., & Chang, C. (2021). A review of opportunities and challenges of chatbots in education. Interactive Learning Environments, 31, 4099 - 4112. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1952615.
  10. Kooli, C. (2023). Chatbots in Education and Research: A Critical Examination of Ethical Implications and Solutions. Sustainability. https://doi.org/10.3390/su15075614.
  11. Krishna, A., Satheesh, A., PR, P., Thomas, B., & Gopi, A. (2024). AI-Driven Personalized Learning: A Comprehensive Survey of Chatbot Applications in Education and Training. https://doi.org/10.20944/preprints202412.1240.v1
  12. Kumar, S. (2024). Chatbots: A Comprehensive Review of Functionality and Development. Indian Scientific Journal Of Research In Engineering And Management. https://doi.org/10.55041/ijsrem30316
  13. Kuriakose, L., Jose, J., Varghese, N. N., Anuja, C. S., Antony, R. V., & Jaya, P. (2024). Navigating The Digital Shift: A Bibliometric Analysis of Chatbot Applications in Education. TEM Journal, 3413–3430. https://doi.org/10.18421/tem134-75
  14. Lambebo, E. A., & Chen, H. (2024). Chatbots in higher education: a systematic review. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2436931
  15. Lambebo, E. A., & Chen, H. (2024). Chatbots in higher education: a systematic review. Interactive Learning Environments, 1–27. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2024.2436931
  16. NSAIF, W., SALIH, H. M., Saleh, H. H., & AL-NUAIM, B. T. (2024). Conversational Agents: An Exploration into Chatbot Evolution, Architecture, and Important Techniques. The Eurasia Proceedings of Science, Technology, Engineering & Mathematics, 27, 246–262. https://doi.org/10.55549/epstem.1518795
  17. Parsakia, K. (2023). The Effect of Chatbots and AI on The Self-Efficacy, Self-Esteem, Problem-Solving and Critical Thinking of Students. Health Nexus. https://doi.org/10.61838/hn.1.1.14.
  18. Ranieri, A., Di Bernardo, I., & Mele, C. (2024). Serving customers through chatbots: positive and negative effects on customer experience. Journal of Service Theory and Practice. https://doi.org/10.1108/jstp-01-2023-0015.
  19. Rosas, R. A. P., & Rodríguez, E. J. A. (2024). Chatbots: The Future of Education? International Journal of Engineering Pedagogy (iJEP), 14(8), 107–119. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijep.v14i8.49715
  20. Uzoka, A., Cadet, E., & Ojukwu, P. U. (2024). Leveraging AI-Powered chatbots to enhance customer service efficiency and future opportunities in automated support. https://doi.org/10.51594/csitrj.v5i10.1676
  21. Zou, Z. (2024). Exploring the Impact of Using Chatbots on Teacher-student Relationships in Today’s Higher Education. Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences, 45, 33–39. https://doi.org/10.54097/0pev3z68.
 

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic