Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 38 no. 5 (2025)

Policy, Infrastructure, Human Resource, Technological Supports, and Overseas Trade Expansion of Refrigeration Industry Inputs to Policy Enhancement

Zhen Wang | Rowena M. Libo-on

Discipline: human resource management

 

Abstract:

This study investigates the international expansion of China’s refrigeration industry by examining the combined effects of policy support, infrastructure development, human resource capabilities, and technological innovation. Using a quantitative correlational design, data were gathered from 240 managers across 40 export-oriented refrigeration companies in Qingdao, China. The research explored how these internal support systems influence overseas trade outcomes, measured through export volume and the number of factories established abroad. Results revealed that while the overall support system—especially infrastructure and policy—was rated highly by respondents, its direct correlation with trade expansion outcomes was statistically insignificant. However, strong internal synergies were observed among the four support dimensions, particularly between policy and infrastructure, and between human resources and technological support. These findings highlight a disconnect between robust internal supports and their transformation into measurable export gains. The study concludes that Chinese refrigeration firms must refine the conversion efficiency of these supports and pursue localized strategies to enhance global competitiveness. Insights from this research offer practical guidance for policymakers and industry stakeholders aiming to optimize support mechanisms for high-quality internationalization.



References:

  1. American Heating and Refrigeration Institute. (2023). Global refrigeration industry standards and practices. AHRI Press.
  2. Aschauer, D. A. (1989). Is public expenditure productive? Journal of Monetary Economics, 23(2), 177-200.
  3. Asenahabi, B. (2019). Essentials of research methodology and project writing. CENMEDRA.
  4. Becker, G. S. (1964). Human capital: A theoretical and empirical analysis, with special reference to education. University of Chicago Press.
  5. Bloomfield, J., & Fisher, M. J. (2019). Quantitative research design. Journal of the Australasian Rehabilitation Nurses’ Association, 22(2), 27-30.
  6. Chen, X., & Wang, H. (2023). AI adoption in refrigeration supply chains: A study of Chinese multinational enterprises. Technovation, 124, 102787.
  7. Cold Chain Institute. (2022). Advanced storage technologies for refrigeration products (2nd ed.). CCI Publications.
  8. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE.
  9. Field, A. (2018). Discovering statistics using IBM SPSS statistics (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
  10. General Administration of Customs of China. (2023). Annual report on refrigeration equipment export statistics. Ministry of Commerce, China.
  11. Gramlich, E. M. (1994). Infrastructure investment: A review essay. Journal of Economic Literature, 32(3), 1176-1196.
  12. International Energy Agency. (2023). Energy-efficient refrigeration: Policy drivers and market barriers in emerging economies. OECD Publishing.
  13. International Energy Agency. (2023). Global energy infrastructure for refrigeration. IEA Publications.
  14. International Energy Agency. (2023). The future of cooling: Global market outlook 2023. IEA Publications.
  15. International Labour Organization. (2023). Global workforce trends in refrigeration industries. ILO Publications.
  16. Keohane, R. O. (1984). After hegemony: Cooperation and discord in the world political economy. Princeton University Press.
  17. Liu, Y., Patel, R., & Kim, S. (2021). Blockchain-enabled cold chain management: Evidence from Sino-European trade. International Journal of Production Economics, 240, 108245.
  18. McKinsey & Company. (2022). Automation in refrigeration manufacturing: Cost and quality impacts. McKinsey Global Institute.
  19. Ministry of Commerce of China. (2021). Green high-efficiency refrigeration action plan (2021-2025). Government Document No. GF-2021-038.
  20. Ministry of Commerce of the People’s Republic of China. (2021). Energy efficiency incentives for refrigeration products. Government Document No. MC-2021-087.
  21. Ministry of Ecology and Environment of China. (2022). Environmental regulations for refrigeration industry. Government Document No. MEE-2022-154.
  22. National Development and Reform Commission. (2021). “14th Five-Year Plan” for cold chain logistics development. NDRC Policy Document.
  23. National Development and Reform Commission. (2021). 14th Five-Year Plan for refrigeration industry development. NDRC Policy Document.
  24. Pallant, J. (2020). SPSS survival manual: A step by step guide to data analysis using IBM SPSS (7th ed.). Routledge.
  25. Patel, R., & Zhang, L. (2022). Trade barriers in emerging markets: Case study of India’s anti-dumping measures on Chinese AC units. Energy Policy, 165, 112987.
  26. Ricardo, D. (1817). On the principles of political economy and taxation. John Murray.
  27. Ruggie, J. G. (1992). Multilateralism: The anatomy of an institution. International Organization, 46(3), 561-598.
  28. Schumpeter, J. A. (1912). The theory of economic development. Harvard University Press.
  29. Siemens Global. (2023). Compressor chip supply chain risks in refrigeration industry [White paper]. Siemens Technical Publications.
  30. Siemens Global. (2023). Smart technologies in modern refrigeration systems. Siemens Technical White Paper.
  31. Smith, A. (1776). An inquiry into the nature and causes of the wealth of nations. W. Strahan and T. Cadell.
  32. United Nations Environment Programme. (2022). Global trends in low-GWP refrigerants adoption. UNEP Reports.
  33. Wang, L., & Smith, J. (2022). Comparative analysis of talent cultivation models in global refrigeration industry. International Journal of Refrigeration, 135, 156-167.
  34. World Commission on Environment and Development. (1987). Our common future. Oxford University Press.
  35. World Trade Organization. (2023). Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership (RCEP) and its impact on HVAC trade. WTO Statistics Database.
  36. World Trade Organization. (2023). Trade policies affecting refrigeration equipment exports. WTO Statistics Report.
  37. Wu, J., Li, Q., Schmidt, M., & García-Sánchez, E. (2022). Smart refrigeration ecosystems: IoT integration and export competitiveness. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 178, 121586.
  38. Zhang, Y., & Wilson, K. (2023). Sustainable refrigeration technologies and export market performance: A cross-country analysis. Journal of Environmental Management, 325, 116532.
  39. Zhang, Y., et al. (2021). Market evolution of smart refrigeration products. Applied Energy, 285, 116438.
  40. Zhou, T., & Zhang, W. (2023). Digital twins in refrigeration equipment manufacturing: Impacts on export performance. Journal of Manufacturing Technology Management, 34(5), 789-807.

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic