In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Fatty Acids Obtained by Direct Transmethylation from Fresh Cordia sebestena Flowers

Olubunmi  Atolani,; Oluwatimilehin  O. Kayode,; Oluwaseeni  Adeniyi,; Charles  B. Adeosun,

In vitro Antioxidant Potential of Fatty Acids Obtained by Direct Transmethylation from Fresh Cordia sebestena Flowers

Olubunmi Atolani | Oluwatimilehin O. Kayode | Oluwaseeni Adeniyi | Charles B. Adeosun

Abstract:

The determination of fatty acid profile of plant material is often attained via multistep procedures. Recent innovation has made it possible to obtain fatty acids from fresh matrix in a single step. This study was conducted to analyze the fatty acids present in C. sebestena using direct transmethylation in a one-step procedure with methanol:benzene: hexane:aluminium chloride:sulphuric acid (37:20:36:5:2 v/v) as transmethylation reagents and gas chromatography/mass spectrophotometry, GC-MS for quantification. The antioxidant potential of the transmethylation product was also evaluated using DPPH assay. GC-MS revealed the presence of seventeen fatty acids in C. sebestena. Palmitic acid (32.45%), myristic acid (21.49%), cis-oleic acid (9.57%), 13-octadecenoic acid (5.76%) and stearic acid (4.95%) were the major fatty acids while gondoic acid (0.88%) (an omega-9 fatty acid) and other 11 fatty acids (0.11 to 0.96%) constitute the minor components. Non-fatty acids compounds (17.43%) were also present in the obtained product. Yield (3.33% fresh weight) was modest and product had high antioxidant activity suggesting the viability of the method in determining the fatty acid profile of the plant. The procedure saves time and resources that are associated with conventional multistep method. Results obtained showed evidence that Cordia sebestena could be an attractive source of fatty acids that are important natural antioxidants.

References:

ADEOSUN, C.B. and A. ADEWUYI, 2012. Identification of the chemical constituents of the petroleum ether extract from the flower of Cordia sebestena. Int’l. J of Advances in Sci. and Technol. 3: 6.
ADEOSUN, C.B. and O.S. SOJINU, 2012. The chemical composition of Flower Lipids of Cordia sebestena. Advances in Environmental Biology 6: 2, 655-7.
ADEOSUN, C.B., S. OLASEINDE, A.O. OPEIFA, and O. ATOLANI, 2013. Essential Oil from the Stem Bark of Cordia sebestena Scavenged Free Radicals. Journal of Acute Medicine 3: 138-141.
AGUNBIADE, FO, C.B., ADEOSUN, G.G., DARAMOLA, 2013. Nutritional Properties and Potential Values of Cordia sebestena Seed and Seed Oil. GIDA. 38 (3): 127-133.
ATOLANI O, O.S. ADEYEMI, E. AKPAN and C.B. ADEOSUN and GA OLATUNJI, 2011. Chemical Composition and Antioxidant Potentials of Kigelia pinnata Root Oil and Extracts. EXCLI Journal. 10:264-273.
ATOLANI O, S. OLADOYE, A.P. OLUYORI and G.A. OLATUNJI, 2012a. New Constituents of Kigelia pinnata Leaves. Singapore Journal of Scientific Research. 2:47-53.
ATOLANI O, J. OMERE, C.A. OTUECHERE, and A ADEWUYI, 2012b.
Antioxidant and cytotoxicity effects of seed oils from edible fruits. Journal of Acute Disease, 1, 130-134.
BENOIT SC, C.J. Kemp, C.F. ELIAS, W. ABPLANALP, J.P. HERMAN, S. MIGRENNE, A.L. LEFEVRE, C. CRUCIANI-GUGLIELMACCI, C. MAGNAN, F. YU, K. NISWENDER, B.G. IRANI, W.L. HOLLAND, D.J. CLEGG, 2009. Palmitic acid mediates hypothalamic insulin resistance by altering PKC-0 subcellular localization in rodents. Journal of Clinical Investigation 119 (9): 2577-2587.
BILLER A., M. BOPPRE, L. WITTE, T. HARTMANN, 1994. Pyrrolizidine alkaloids in Chromolaena odorata. Chemical and chemoecological aspects. Phytochemistry 35:615-619.
DICKEY LA, B.B. TETER, J. SAMPUGNA and L.C. WOONS, 2002. Comparison of a direct transesterification method and the Bligh and Dyer method to determine fatty acid content in striped bass tissue and diet. North American Journal of Aquaculture, 64:158-163.
DOQAN Y., S. BASLAR, H.H. MERT and A.G. GONG, 2003. Plants used as natural dye sources in Turkey. Economic Botany 57(4):442-453.
DUDEK-Makuch M. and I. MATLAWSKA, 2013. Coumarins in horse chestnut flowers: isolation and quantification by uple method. Acta Poloniae Pharmaceutica Drug Research. 70 (3): 517-522.
DURUST N., S. OZDEN, E. UMUR, Y. DURUST and M. KUCUKISLAMOGLU, 2001. The Isolation of Carboxylic Acids from the Flowers of Delphinium formosum. TurkJ Chem. 25: 93-97.
FABIYI OA, O. ATOLANI, O.S. OLUYOMI, G.A. OLATUNJI, 2012. Antioxidant and cytotoxicity of b-amyrin acetate fraction from Bridelia ferruginea leaves. Asian Pacific) Tropical Biomed, 2: $981-984.
GARCES R. and M. MANCHA, 1993. One-step lipid extraction and fatty acid methyl esters preparation from fresh plant tissues. Analytical Biochemistry, 211(1):139-143.
GUDEJ J. and M. TOMCZYK, 1999. Polyphenolic compounds from flowers of Ficaria verna Huds. Acta Pol. Pharm. D Drug Res. 56:475-476.
HAGELS H., D. WAGENBRETH, and H. SCHILCHER, 1995. Phenolic compounds of buckwheat herb and influence of plant and agricultural factors (Fagopyrum esculentum Moench and Fagopyrum tataricum Gärtner). In T. Matano and A. Ujihara, eds., Current Advances in Buckwheat Research: Proceedings of the 6^th International Symposium on Buckwheat, pp. 801-809, Shinshu University Press, Shinshu, China.
HARTMANN T. and M. ZIMMER, 1986. Organ-specific distribution and accumulation of pyrrolizidine alkaloids during the life history of two annual Senecio species. J. Plant Physiol, 122:67-80.
ILIĆ S.B., S.S. KONSTANTINOVIĆ and Z.B. TODOROVIĆ Z, 2004. Flavonoids from flower of linum capitatum kit. Physics, Chemistry and Technology, 3,1,67-71.
INDARTI E. M.LA, MAJID, R. HASHIM, and A. CHONG, 2005, Direct FAME synthesis for rapid total lipid analysis from fish oil and cod liver oil. Journal of Food Composition and Analysis, 18: 161-170.
LEPAGE G and C.C. ROY, 1986. Direct transesterification of all classes of lipids in a one-step reaction, Journal of Lipid Research, 27:114-120
MARTINO E., L. RAMAIOLA, M. URBANO, F. BRACCO, F, S. COLLINA, 2006. Microwave-assisted extraction of coumarin and related compounds from Melilotus officinalis (L.) Pallas as an alternative to Soxhlet and ultrasound-assisted extraction.J. Chromatogr A. 1125:147-151.
MEIER S., S.A. MJOS, H. JOENSEN and O. GRAHL-NIELSEN, 2006. Validation of a one-step extraction/methylation method for determination of fatty acids and cholesterol in marine tissues, Journal of Chromatography A, 1104: 291-298.
OYUGI D.A, FO. AYORINDE, A GUGSSA, A. ALLEN, E.B. IZEVBIGIE, B. ERIBO and W.A. ANDERSON, 2011. Biological activity and mass spectrometric analysis of Vernonia amygdalina fractions, J. Biosci. Tech. 2(3): 287-304.
PARK E.J., Y. KIM and J. KIM, 2000. Acylated Flavonol Glycosides from the Flower of Inula Britannica. J. Nat. Prod., 63:34-36.
PEREIRA A.M.S. 1997. Propagação e co-cultivo de células como fatores predisponentes à produção de cumarina em Mikania glomerata Sprengel (guaco). Botucatu: UNESP. Tese (Doutorado em Agricultura). p 82
SHEARD C., H.D. CAYLOR and C. SCHLOTTHAUER, 1928. Photosensitization of Animals after the Ingestion of Buckwheat. JEM 47 (6): 1013-1028.
TOMCZYK M and J. GUDEJ 2002a, Quercetin and kaempferol glycosides from Ficaria verna flowers and their structure studied by 2D NMR spectroscopy. Polish J. Chem. 76: 1601-1605.
TOMCZYK M and J. GUDEJ 2002b, Composition of lipophylic extracts from Ficaria verna Huds. flowers. Rocz. Akad. Med. Białymst. 47:213-217.
XIAO L. 2010. Evaluation of Extraction Methods for Recovery of Fatty Acids from Marine Products. Master Thesis of EMQAL Project. University of Bergen. Norway. Pp. 4-17.