In Vitro Antiplatelet Activity of Ocimum basilicum (Basil) Leaf Extract

Rusell Alen  V. Fernandez,

In Vitro Antiplatelet Activity of Ocimum basilicum (Basil) Leaf Extract

Abstract:

Platelets play a crucial function in hemostasis. Pathological conditions such as thrombosis in cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events must be adequately acknowledged, and the population should possess a more profound comprehension of the disease. The development and ongoing research of a novel natural-source anticoagulant is now emphasized. This study examines the in vitro antiplatelet activity of Ocimum basilicum (basil) employing two distinct methodologies: the Giemsa Microplate Assay and the Spectrophotometric Assay. The extracts underwent Soxhlet extraction with 95% ethanol, followed by rotary evaporation and subsequent concentration using a centrifuge machine to yield a pure extract. In the Giemsa Microplate Assay, Ocimum basilicum (basil) leaf extract was categorized into three concentrations: 10 mg/mL, 30 mg/mL, and 50 mg/mL, with each concentration undergoing analysis in a 96-well microplate. An adequate quantity of platelets was utilized to assess the antiplatelet activity of each concentration, supplemented with 2.0M Calcium chloride as an aggregator, and thereafter incubated at 37?C for 5 minutes. Following washing with distilled water, substantial antiplatelet activity was observed at the lowest concentration of extract, while minimal platelet inhibition occurred at the higher doses. The positive control and the leaf extract demonstrate equivalent inhibitory effects on platelets at the lowest concentration. In the Spectrophotometric Assay, three distinct concentrations were generated: 1 mg/mL, 3 mg/mL, and 5 mg/mL. The subsequent amounts were analyzed via spectrophotometric assay utilizing Platelet-Rich Plasma (PRP). Two trials were conducted: first, the PRPs including the extracts underwent a spectrophotometric test without an aggregator; second, the PRPs containing the extracts were submitted to a spectrophotometric assay with an aggregator. A notable disparity existed in the antiplatelet activity across the various setups; hence, the 3 mg/mL concentration, when not utilizing an aggregator, demonstrated potential antiplatelet action among all concentrations. The incorporation of aspirin solution (positive control) and normal saline solution (negative control) was crucial in the various procedures.

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