The Influence of Managerial Competencies and School Culture among Educators in Selected Primary Schools in Singapore
Michelle Pinlac | Jose Jurel M. Nuevo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
The development and cultivation of a nation's culture are key objectives of education. This study aims to explore the
influence of managerial competencies and school culture among educators in selected primary schools in Singapore.
Effective managerial competencies play a vital role in curriculum development, instruction, and the teaching and
learning process, which are critical to achieving educational goals. The study utilizes a descriptive correlational
research design, employing two standardized instruments to assess managerial competencies and school culture. Data
will be analyzed using mean, frequency distributions, and Pearson correlation. The primary instrument used is the
Managerial and School Culture Assessment Questionnaire. Findings reveal that the respondents consistently
demonstrate exemplary performance in managerial competencies across all indicators. Similarly, school culture
assessments indicate a consistently high level of performance among educators. These results highlight the significant
relationship between managerial competencies and a positive school culture in enhancing educational outcomes. The
study recommends exploring innovative management skills beyond the current competencies reviewed to further
support the continuous development of managerial expertise and school culture in primary education.
References:
- Abednego, A., & Rahabav, P. (2023). Pedagogic and managerial competence for school principals or leaders in early childhood education management. Jurnal Obsesi, 7(5), 5196–5204. https://doi.org/10.31004/obsesi.v7i5.5205
- Achmad, P. (2017). Contributions of leadership style, managerial skills of principals and compensation to the performance of teachers. Journal of Education and Human Development, 6 (4), 105-114.
- Ahmad, A. R., Chew, F. P., Zulnaidi, H., Sobri, K. M., & Alfitri, A. (2019). Influence of School Culture and Classroom Environment in Improving Soft Skills amongst Secondary Schoolers. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12217a
- Ahmad, A. R., Chew, F. P., Zulnaidi, H., Sobri, K. M., & Alfitri, A. (2019). Influence of School Culture and Classroom Environment in Improving Soft Skills amongst Secondary Schoolers. International Journal of Instruction, 12(2), 259–274. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2019.12217a
- Amtu, O., Makulua, K., Matital, J., & Pattiruhu, C. M. (2020). Improving Student Learning Outcomes through School Culture, Work Motivation and Teacher Performance. International Journal of Instruction, 13(4), 885–902. https://doi.org/10.29333/iji.2020.13454a
- Arter, J. A. (2019). Assessing school and classroom climate: A consumer’s guide. Portland, OR: Northwest Regional Educational Laboratory.
- Avalos-Bevan, B., & Bascopé, M. (2017). Teacher Informal collaboration for professional improvement: beliefs, contexts, and experience. Education Research International, 2017, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1155/2017/1357180
- Averch, H. (2017). How Effective is Schooling? Santa Monica, Rand Corporation Press
- Azainil, A., Komariyah, L., & Yan, Y. (2021). The effect of principal’s managerial competence and teacher discipline on teacher productivity. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 16(2), 563–579. https://doi.org/10.18844/cjes.v16i2.5634
- Bairasauskiene, L. (2017). Headmaster‟s Competencies in Management Area: Evaluating the Significance Level of Managerial Competencies in Lithuanian Comprehensive Schools. European Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 2(5).
- Balcı, A. (2018). Effective school: School development, theory application and research. Pegem Publishing.
- Balyer, A. (2016). School Principals ‟ Administrative Competency: Teachers‟ Views. YILDIZ Journal of Educational Research, 1 (1), 16-36.
- Bambrick-Santoyo, P. (2017). Leverage leadership: A practical guide to building exceptional schools. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Bayar, A., & Karaduman, H. A. (2021). The effects of school culture on students academic achievements. Shanlax International Journal of Education (Online), 9(3), 99–109. https://doi.org/10.34293/education.v9i3.3885
- Bayar, A., and Karaduman, H. A. (2021). The Effects of School Culture on Students Academic Achievements. Shanlax International Journal of Education, 9 (3), 99-109.
- Belov, M. T., Vaskov, M. A., Vorobyev, G. A., Burmistrov, S. V., & Samygin, S. I. (2020). Specifics of managerial competencies in the context of managing the personnel of an educational organization. In Contributions to economics (pp. 291–298). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-38497-5_33
- Berg, G. (2019). School culture and teachers’ Esprit de Corps. Budapest, 49-77.
- Bitterova, M., Haskova, A., & Pisonova, M. (2017). School Leader’s Competencies in Management Area. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 149, 114–118.
- Bolman, L., & Deal, T. (2017). Reframing the path to school leadership. Thousand Oaks, CA: Corwin Press, Inc.
- Britton, E. M. (2018). Influence of school principals on teachers’ perceptions of school culture (Doctoral dissertation, Walden University).
- Bush, T. (2021). Assessing successful school leadership: What do we know? Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 49(5), 687–689. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432211034675
- Cann, R. F., Riedel-Prabhakar, R., & Powell, D. (2020). A model of positive school leadership to improve teacher wellbeing. International Journal of Applied Positive Psychology, 6(2), 195–218. https://doi.org/10.1007/s41042-020-00045-5
- Carol, A.F. & Edward, P.S. (2017). Clinical supervision: A competency-based approach. USA: Amazon.
- Çelikten, M. (2016). Culture and Teacher Metaphors Used in Educational System. Journal of the Institute of Social Sciences, 21, 269-283.
- Cruz, C., Villena, D., Navarro, E., Belecina, R. &Garvida, M. (2016). Towards Enhancing the Managerial Performance of School Heads. International Review of Management and Business Research, 5 (2).
- De Guzman, M.F. D (2019). The Rites, Rituals and Artifacts of State Universities and Colleges (SUCs). International Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, 8(2).
- Deal, T. E., & Peterson, K. D. (2019). Shaping school culture: Pitfalls, paradoxes, & promises. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass.
- Demirtaş, H., & Guneş, H. (2018). Dictionary of educational administration and supervision. Ani Publishing.
- Dinham, S. (2017). Principal leadership for outstanding educational outcomes. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(4), 338-356.
- Djollong, A. F., Kamaruddin, I., Ramli, A., Akbar, M., & Hakim, A. (2023). Analysis of The Influence of School Principal Managerial Competencies on Performance Public High Schools Teachers In Indonesia. Jurnal Scientia, 12(04), 291-296.
- Dunu, C. L. (2023). Managerial competencies of principals as predictors of teachers’ job performance in public secondary schools in Anambra State. International Journal of Research in Education and Sustainable Development, 3(4), 12-24.
- Egwu, S.O. (2016). Management strategies for conflict resolution in secondary schools in Ebonyi state, Nigeria. UNIZIK Journal of Educational Management and Policy, 1(1), 88- 94.
- Fahrilyani, D., Maisyaroh, M., & Kusumaningrum, D. E. (2019). MANAJEMEN PEMBINAAN KARAKTER PESERTA DIDIK DI SEKOLAH DASAR. Jurnal Administrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(4), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.17977/um027v2i42019p204
- Fahrilyani, Devita, Maisyaroh, and D. E. Kusumaningrum. Manajemen Pembinaan Karakter Peserta Didik Di Sekolah Dasar. JAMP: Jurnal Adminitrasi Dan Manajemen Pendidikan, 2(4),2019,204–212, doi: http://dx.doi.org/10.17977/um027v2i42019p204.
- Fanelli, S., Lanza, G., Enna, C., & Zangrandi, A. (2020). Managerial competences in public organisations: the healthcare professionals’ perspective. BMC Health Services Research, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-020-05179-5
- Febriantina, S., Nur Lutfiani, F., & Zein, N. (2018). Pengaruh Budaya Organisasi Terhadap Kinerja Guru. Tadbir Muwahhid, 2(2), 120.
- Fielding, M. (2017). Leadership, radical student engagement and the necessity of personcentered education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 9(4), 299-313.
- Fitria, H. (2018). The Influence Of Organizational Culture And Trust Through The Teacher Performance In The Private Secondary School In Palembang. International Journal of Scientific & Technology Research, 7(7).
- Froeschie, J. G., & Nix, S. (2019). A solution-focused leadership model: Examining perceptions of effective counselor leadership. Journal of School Counseling, 7(5), 1-21.
- Fullan, M. (2018). The six secrets of change: What the leaders do to help their organization survive and thrive (1st ed.). San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass A Wiley Imprint.
- Gamala, J. J., & Marpa, E. P. (2022). School Environment and School Heads’ Managerial Skills: Looking into their Relationships to School’s Performance. International Journal on Social and Education Sciences, 4(2), 218–235. https://doi.org/10.46328/ijonses.285
- Gruenert, S. (2019). Shaping a new school culture. Contemporary Education, 71(2), 14- 17.
- Habibi, B. (2018). The influence of principal managerial competence and teacher work motivation on the professionalism of Bismen vocational school teachers in Tegal City. Journal of Economic Education, Educational Dynamics, 10(2), 188–195.
- Harsoyo, Y., Astuti, C. W. R., & Rahayu, C. W. E. (2019). COMPETENCY AND VALUES OF LOCAL WISDOM OF HIGH SCHOOL PRINCIPALS. Cakrawala Pendidikan/Cakrawala Pendidikan, 38(3), 565–577. https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v38i3.20593
- Hassan, A. (2020). Managerial competencies required to achieve sustainable development projects: A proposed model for managers. Environmental Management and Sustainable Development, 9(3), 68. https://doi.org/10.5296/emsd.v9i3.17603
- Heller, C.R. (2018). School manager’ s handbook. London: Dorling Kindersley Limited.
- Herman, M., Andiriah, S., & Tauhid, A. B. (2022). The Effect of Principal’s Managerial Competence and Teacher Work Culture on Teacher Competence at Junior High Schools in Cilacap. AL-ISHLAH: Jurnal Pendidikan, 14(3), 2737-2756.
- Jones, L., Stall, G., & Yarbrough, D. (2019). The importance of professional learning communities for school improvement. Creative Education, 4(5), 357-361.
- Kamaruddin, I., Tabroni, I., & Azizah, M. (2022). Konsep pengembangan self-esteem pada anak untuk membangun kepercayaan diri sejak dini. Al-Madrasah: Jurnal Pendidikan MadrasahIbtidaiyah, 6(3), 496-503.
- Kaniuka, T. (2017). Toward an understanding of how teachers change during school reform: Considerations for educational leadership and school improvement. Journal of Educational Change, 13(3), 327–346
- Kapur, R. (2021). Importance of Managerial Competencies in Improving Functioning of Educational Institutions. International Journal of Information, Business and Management, 13(4), 131-140.
- Karweti, E. (2018). The influence of school principals’ managerial abilities and factors that influence work motivation on the performance of special school teachers in Subang Regency. Journal of Educational Research, 2(2), 73– 84.
- Kefela, G.T. (2019). Understanding Organizational Culture and Leadership – Enhance Efficiency and Productivity. PM World Today, 12 (1).
- Kleinasser, R. C. (2018). Language teachers: Research and studies in language(s) education, teaching, and learning in Teaching and Teacher Education, 1985-2012. Teaching and Teacher Education, 29, 86-96
- Koskie, J. K., Sang, C., & Ngeno, V. (2020). Relationship between head teachers’ leadership competencies and effective school management in public primary schools in Narok county, Kenya. Global Journal of Educational Research., 19(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/gjedr.v19i1.6
- Kunandar, K. (2017). Professional teacher implementing education unit level curriculum (KTSP) and successful in teacher certification. Raja Grafindo Persada Press.
- Lestari, E. D., Boari, Y., Bonsapia, M., & Anes, S. M. (2023). Peran Pemerintah Terhadap Pengembangan Sektor Pariwisata di KabupatenBiak Numfor. Journal Of Economics Review (Joer), 3(1), 21-35.
- Lewis, J., Asberry, J., Dejarnett, G., & King, G. (2016). The Best Practices for Shaping School Culture for Instructional Leaders. Alabama Journal of Educational Leadership, 3, 57-63.
- Li, X. (2022). Principal leadership constructs school-based-curriculum and shapes school culture for teaching and learning: rooting on core competence. Journal of Educational Research and Policies, 4(11). https://doi.org/10.53469/jerp.2022.04(11).13
- Lisnerova, R., Safrankova, J. M., & Urbanova, E. (2020). Managerial Competencies and Education Need of School Headmasters in the Czech Republic. International Journal of Teaching & Education, 8(1), 33–46.
- Maskur, M., Haryono, H., & Hidayah, I. (2018). Contribution of Supervision of School Supervisor and School Quality Culture on Primary School’s Managerial Competence. Educational Management, 7(1), 25-32. Retrieved from https://journal.unnes.ac.id/sju/eduman/article/view/22935
- May, L., Abdurrahman, A., Hariri, H., Sowiyah, S., & Rahman, B. (2020). The Influence of Principal Managerial Competence on Teacher Performance at Schools in Bandar Lampung. Tadris: Journal of Teacher Training and Science, 5, 121–130.
- McChesney, K., & Cross, J. (2023). How school culture affects teachers’ classroom implementation of learning from professional development. Learning Environments Research, 26(3), 785–801. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-023-09454-0
- Meditamar, M., Sujadi, E., Putra, E., & Wisnarni, W. (2022). Readiness of teacher education students to organize the online learning process. SAP (Arrangement of Educational Articles), 7.
- Mkumbo, K., & Ngirande, H. (2017). The role of the headmaster in Zimbabwe: Challenges and opportunities. Journal of Emerging Trends in Educational Research and Policy Studies, 4(4), 662–669.
- Mohamed, M., & Zainal Abidin, K. (2021). Principals’ Communication Styles and School Culture in Vocational Colleges in Selangor. Asian Journal of University Education, 17(4), 24-34.
- Mulyasa, M. (2018). School management and organization. Rosda Karya Press.
- Muraina, B., & Babatunde, M. (2018). Principals’ Managerial Skills and Administrative Effectiveness in Secondary Schools in Oyo State, Nigeria. International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc, 14(3).
- Mustamin, Y. M. A. (2017). The Competence of School Principals: What Kind of Need Competence for School Success? Journal of Education and Learning, 6 (1), 33- 42.
- Muttaqin, I., Tursina, N., Sudrajat, A., Yuliza, U., Novianto, N., Ramadhan, F. F., & Kurnanto, M. E. (2023). The effect of academic supervision, managerial competence, and teacher empowerment on teacher performance: the mediating role of teacher commitment. F1000Research, 12, 743. https://doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.128502.2
- Nkwoh, B. (2018). Analysis of Administrative Roles of principals in Private Secondary Schools in Aba Education Zone of Abia State. Journal of Educational Administration, 2(1), 33-41
- Nwune, E.N., Nwogbo, V.N. & Okonkwo, C.C. (2016). Competencies improvement needs of head teachers of primary schools in supervision of instruction in Anambra state. UNIZIK Journal of Educational Management and Policy, 1(1), 59-66.
- Okotoni, C. A. & Akinwale, A. S. (2019). Principals’ Communication Styles and Teachers’ Job Commitment in Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria. British Journal of Education, 7(12), 7-19.
- Olsen, E., & Leonard, D. (2018). The meaning of accreditation in education. Educational Research and Evaluation, 10(2), 91–110.
- Ongori, J. (2021). INFLUENCE OF KENYA EDUCATION MANAGEMENT INSTITUTE TRAINING ON THE HEAD TEACHERS’ MANAGEMENT COMPETENCIES IN PUBLIC PRIMARY SCHOOLS IN UASIN GISHU COUNTY, KENYA. http://41.89.164.27:8080/xmlui/handle/123456789/1027
- Payne, C. (2018). So much reform, so little change: The persistence of failure in urban schools. Cambridge, MA: Harvard Education Press.
- Pekkolay, S. (2021). Effective school management. Journal of Advances in Education and Philosophy, 5(8), 231-235.
- Rachmawati, Y., Suyatno, S., & Santosa, A. B. (2020). Principal’s managerial competence in actualizing a creative school. Universal Journal of Educational Research, 8(8), 3406–3416. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujer.2020.080814
- Reid, J. W., Hardee, A. B., Criswell, B. A., Elrod, M., Berryhill, S. B., & Rushton, G. T. (2022). Empowering teacher leaders: the role of research in changing teacher leaders’ sense of themselves as professionals. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 1–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2045629
- Rosenholtz, S. J. (2018). Teachers and workplace: The social organization of schools. New York, NY: Teachers College Press.
- Rusticus, S. A., Pashootan, T., & Mah, A. (2022). What are the key elements of a positive learning environment? Perspectives from students and faculty. Learning Environments Research, 26(1), 161–175. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10984-022-09410-4
- Schein, E. H. (2018). Coming to a new awareness of organizational culture. Sloan Management Review, 25(2), 3-16
- Schein, E.H. (2010). Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). San Francisco: JosseyBass
- Şemin, F. K. (2019). The competencies of principals in ensuring sustainable education: Teachers’ views. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 8(2), 201. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v8i2.18273
- Sergiovanni, T. J. (2018). The lifeworld of leadership. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, Inc.
- Shah, N. (2017). The Role of Employees’ Trust in Management and Supervisors on Developing Attitudes and Behaviours for Organizational Change. International Journal of Management Sciences, 4(8), 333-342.
- Stoll, L., & Fink, D. (2017). Changing our schools. Buckingham: Open University Press.
- Sukmana, P., & Hakim, A. (2023). The Influence of Work Quality and Employee Competence on Human Resources Professionalism at the Ministry of Defense Planning and Finance Bureau. International Journal of Social Science and Business, 7(1).
- Sumarni, Tamsah, H., & Mustari. (2017). The influence of school supervisor academic supervision, principal leadership and work environment on the performance of state vocational school teachers in Tamalate District, Makassar City. Mirai Management Journal, 2(1), 149–163.
- Susilo, M. J., Kartowagiran, B., & Vehachart, R. (2018). Modeling of cultural effect on school autonomy at Religion-Based School in Indonesia. Jurnal Pendidikan IPA Indonesia/JPPI : Jurnal Perndidikan IPA Indonesia, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.15294/jpii.v7i3.12445
- Tanan, C. I., Boari, Y., & Binur, R. H. E. (2022). Pendampingan Kewirausahaan Mahasiswa di Highland Roastery dan Rumah Kopi Jayapura pada Masa Covid-19. Amalee: Indonesian Journal of Community Research and Engagement, 3(1), 223-234.
- Thapa, K. B. (2016). Present and Importance levels leadership competencies of principals in Nepalese Schools. Journal of Advanced Academic Research, 3 (1).
- Thien, L. M., & Lee, H. C. (2023). The effects of school culture dimensions on teacher well-being across under-enrolled and high-enrolment schools. Social Sciences & Humanities Open, 7(1), 100396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ssaho.2023.100396
- Thompson, J. D. (2018). Organizations in action: Social science bases of administrative theory. New Brunswick, NJ: McGraw-Hill.
- Usman, H. (2017). Factors that Influence Leadership Behavior in Schools. Journal of Educational Personnel, 2(3), 1–20.
- Usman, N., Ar, M., Murziqin, R., & Za, T. (2018). The Principal’s managerial competence in improving school performance in Pidie Jaya Regency. Advanced Science Letters, 24(11), 8297–8300. https://doi.org/10.1166/asl.2018.12545
- Victor, A. A. (2017). Analysis of principals’ managerial competencies for effective management of school resources in Secondary schools in Anambra State, Nigeria. International Journal of Social Sciences, Humanities and Education, 1(4).
- Wahdiniawati, S. A., Tannady, H., Al Haddar, G., Sugisman, S., & Arief, I. (2023). Analisis peningkatan kinerja guru melalui kompetensi dan beban kerja pada guru SMP Negeri di DKI Jakarta. Management Studies and Entrepreneurship Journal (MSEJ), 4(1), 632-640
- Wibowo, W. D., & Wakhudin, W. (2021). The Roles of Leadership Principal to Improving of Education Quality through Managerial Competence. Dinamika Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan Dasar, 13(2), 79-82.
- Yunus, M., Andari, K. D. W., & Islam, M. A. (2017). THE PRINCIPAL’S COMPETENCES IN IMPLEMENTING CULTURAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT OF THE SCHOOL IN SDN 033 TARAKAN. Cypriot Journal of Educational Sciences, 6(2), 263–273. https://doi.org/10.23887/jpi-undiksha.v6i2.11982.
- Zahed-Babelan, A., Koulaei, G., Moeinikia, M., & Sharif, A. R. (2019). Instructional leadership effects on teachers’ work engagement: roles of school culture, empowerment, and job characteristics. CEPS Journal, 9(3), 137–156. https://doi.org/10.26529/cepsj.181