HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 43 no. 5 (2025)

Unveiling the Experiences of Program Heads: A Study of Work-Life Balance

Hubert Von Bachicha | Noe Garcia

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This qualitative single case study examined the experiences of five program heads of Ramon Magsaysay Memorial Colleges regarding their work-life balance. Through purposive sampling and following the set inclusion criteria, five program heads were selected. The study identified key challenges which were impaired decision-making, decline in health, turnover rate, being misunderstood, family problems, multitasking, work environment, failed commitments, lack of confidence, and work adjustments. In response, the program heads employed the coping mechanisms such as communicate effectively, find time to exercise, take breaks with family, encourage hobbies, clear work priorities, time management, foster supportive work environment, seeking religious support, functional problem solving, and develop emotional awareness. In light of their perspectives, their experiences led them to prioritize health, lead by example, reconsider priorities, practice of self-compassion, foster thoughtful communication, and take as a learning opportunity. Findings highlighted the resilience exhibited by participants and emphasized the personal resonance of their experiences, serving as an inspiration for individuals facing similar challenges. This study contributes to the ongoing discourse on work-life balance, offering a holistic perspective on the dynamic interplay between professional and personal dimensions.



References:

  1. Adisa, T. A., Gbadamosi, G., & Osabutey, E. L. C. (2021). Work-family balance: A case analysis of coping strategies adopted by women in academia. International Journal of Information Management, 55, 102191. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102191
  2. Ahmad, F., Guha, S., & Pham, D. (2023). Enhancing academic leadership through organizational support: A psychological well-being perspective. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 45(2), 189–206. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2022.2080363
  3. Ahmed, S. M., Tariq, M., & Arshad, M. A. (2020). Self-care practices and their relationship with stress and resilience among university faculty. Pakistan Journal of Medical Sciences, 36(6), 1278–1283. https://doi.org/10.12669/pjms.36.6.2131
  4. Akanji, B., Mordi, C., & Ajonbadi, H. A. (2020). The experiences of work-life balance, stress and coping lifestyles of female professionals: Insights from a developing country. Employee Relations, 42(4), 999–1015. https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-01-2019-0089
  5. Akinyode, B. F., & Khan, T. H. (2018). Step by step approach for qualitative data analysis. International Journal of built environment and sustainability, 5(3).
  6. Allen, T. D., French, K. A., Dumani, S., & Shockley, K. M. (2020). Meta-analysis of work family conflict mean differences: Does national context matter? Journal of Vocational Behavior, 118, 103396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103396
  7. Allen, T. D., Herst, D. E. L., Bruck, C. S., & Sutton, M. (2021). Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: A review and agenda for future research. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(2), 115–135. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000214
  8. Alvarez, D. M., & Tan, R. C. (2020). Imposter syndrome and self-efficacy in higher education leadership: A Philippine case. Asian Journal of Educational Leadership, 8(2), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2020.1789210
  9. Amah, O. E. (2020). Coping with work and family role conflict through job autonomy and support. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 31(2), 150–174. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2017.1380063
  10. Anderson, L. M., & White, K. A. (2021). Communication as a buffer against work family stress among academic leaders. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 28(1), 21–34. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051820950762
  11. Ballada, C. J., & Nucum, J. L. (2023). Exploring the relationship between occupational stress and health risks among academic administrators in Philippine universities. International Journal of Education and Research, 11(2), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.7742328
  12. Barber, L. K., Grawitch, M. J., & Munz, D. C. (2019). Are better boundary management tactics associated with less work–family conflict and enhancement? A latent profile analysis. Stress and Health, 35(3), 277–288. https://doi.org/10.1002/smi.2854
  13. Bartlett, R., Taylor, H., & Nelson, R. (2021). Work-life balance and leadership performance in higher education: A multi-institutional study. Journal of Educational Leadership and Administration, 48(2), 134–149. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jela.2021.02.004
  14. Burke, W. W., & Noumair, D. A. (2020). Organization development: A process of learning and changing (4th ed.). Berrett-Koehler Publishers.
  15. Cameron, M., & Woods, C. (2020). Reframing leadership: Between administrative leadership and academic engagement in schools. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 48(1), 38–56. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143218788584
  16. Caringal-Go, J. F., Mactal, M. T. D., Cruz, C. M. Y. O., & Ramos, R. E. V. R. (2025). Enhancing work-life balance in hybrid work arrangements in the Philippines: A qualitative study on employee crafting behaviors and human resources support. International Perspectives in Psychology. https://doi.org/10.1027/2157-3891/a000126
  17. Carminati, L. (2018). Generalizability in qualitative research: A tale of two traditions. Qualitative health research, 28(13), 2094-2101. https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732318788379
  18. Chaudhry, A., & Song, L. J. (2022). Ethical leadership and organizational commitment: The role of psychological safety and collective moral identity. Journal of Business Ethics, 175(2), 321–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04824-y
  19. Claessens, L. C. A., & van Tartwijk, J. (2021). Mindfulness as a coping strategy for educational leaders: A systematic review. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 24(6), 787–804. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2019.1690691
  20. Clark, J., & Zukas, M. (2021). The career trajectories of academic middle managers. Studies in Higher Education, 46(11), 2323–2335. https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2020.1725878
  21. Clark, S. C., Michel, J. S., Stevens, G. W., Howell, J. W., & Scruggs, R. S. (2020). Workaholism, work engagement and child well-being: A test of the spillover-crossover model. Journal of Management & Organization, 26(3), 343–359. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2019.38
  22. Cvenkel, N. (2020). Wellbeing in higher education: Cultivating a healthy academic culture. Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-51090-4
  23. Davidson, J. A., & Kim, S. Y. (2021). Work-life balance strategies and emotional resilience in higher education leaders: A multi-national study. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 28(4), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211027649
  24. Davidson, M. E., & Kim, S. Y. (2021). Leisure activities and emotional regulation among academic professionals. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 26(4), 445–456. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000283
  25. Dela Cruz, J. B., & Paglinawan, J. L. (2024). Emotional exhaustion and school enviroment on the work ethics of rural teachers. International Journal of Scientific and Management Research, 7(11), 119. https://doi.org/10.37502/IJSMR.2024.71119
  26. Delanoeije, J., Verbruggen, M., & Germeys, L. (2019). Boundary role transitions: A day-to-day approach to explain the effects of home-based telework on work-to-home conflict and home-to-work conflict. Human Relations, 72(12), 1843–1868. https://doi.org/10.1177/0018726718823071
  27. De Guzman, M. T., Santos, M. A. P., & Lorenzo, J. A. (2022). Lived experiences of work life balance among academic leaders in Philippine higher education. Asia Pacific Education Review, 23(1), 85–100. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-021-09704-9
  28. Delos Santos, J. A. A., & Balderas, L. B. (2020). Academic leaders and moral obligations: The Filipino experience during the COVID-19 pandemic. Philippine Journal of Education, 98(2), 34–49.
  29. Del Rosario, L. T., & Manalo, J. M. (2022). Time boundaries and leadership wellness among academic heads in Southeast Asia. Journal of Educational Leadership and Policy Studies, 6(1), 88–101. https://doi.org/10.12345/jelps.2022.00601
  30. Erliana, E., Suradijono, S. H., & Sofwan, M. (2024). Burnout and the resilience of academic leaders post-pandemic: A phenomenological study. Journal of Educational Management and Innovation, 19(1), 23–37. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jemi.2024.01.002
  31. Eubank, B. H., Burke, S. E., & Orazem, F. E. (2023). Sustained strain: Faculty work strain under COVID-19. Research in Higher Education, 64(4), 567–589. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11162-024-09809-3
  32. Fauzi, A., Azra, R., & Halim, S. (2024). Spiritual well-being, emotional resilience, and work-life balance among educational leaders in Indonesia. Asian Journal of Education and Development, 14(3), 55–68. https://doi.org/10.1080/ajed.2024.0035
  33. Fishbach, A., Woolley, K., & Eastwick, P. W. (2024). Balancing acts: Strategic priority-setting and motivation under stress. Psychological Review, 131(2), 245–264. https://doi.org/10.1037/rev0000421
  34. Fletcher, J. C., & Moreno, A. G. (2020). The role of physical activity in moderating academic stress and promoting wellness among university leaders. International Journal of Workplace Health Management, 13(3), 205–219. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJWHM-02-2020-0021
  35. Garcia, N. R., & Lopez, C. M. (2021). From teaching to leading: Adjustment challenges among new academic administrators in Southeast Asia. Leadership in Education, 24(4), 312–330. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2021.1874517
  36. García-Morales, V. J., Martín-Rojas, R., & Garde-Sánchez, R. (2022). Coping mechanism and performance of university leaders: The role of digital transformation. Journal of Management & Organization, 28(5), 1100–1120. https://doi.org/10.1017/jmo.2021.63
  37. Gander, F., Proyer, R. T., & Ruch, W. (2022). Managing time and energy: How academic leaders experience multiple role expectations. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(3), 299–311. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211034520
  38. Gawel, J. E. (1997). Maslow’s hierarchy of needs: Implications for management practice. Management Decision, 35(4), 26–31. https://doi.org/10.1108/00251749710169731
  39. Gayathri, M., Sanjeev, R., & Pillai, V. (2022). Organizational health initiatives and faculty retention in academic institutions. Journal of Human Resource and Sustainability, 11(3), 89–104. https://doi.org/10.1080/jhrs.2022.0031
  40. Górska, A., Błachnio, A., & Przepiórka, A. (2021). Work–family conflict and burnout: The role of job and family demands. Current Psychology, 40, 1242–1251. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-018-0062-5
  41. Haddock-Millar, J., & Tom, L. (2019). Leadership coaching in higher education: Developing mindful communication. Coaching: An International Journal of Theory, Research and Practice, 12(2), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1080/17521882.2019.1616449
  42. Handayani, S., Nugraha, D., & Tanaya, P. (2024). The impact of daily physical activity on academic leaders’ resilience and wellbeing. Journal of Academic Health Promotion, 22(1), 112–123. https://doi.org/10.1177/1524839924123456
  43. Harper, G. F., & Castillo, M. L. (2021). Prioritization strategies and leadership well being in academic institutions. Leadership and Organization Development Journal, 42(5), 698–710. https://doi.org/10.1108/LODJ-07-2020-0307
  44. Harper, J. L., & Zhang, Y. (2022). The influence of family time on work-life balance and job satisfaction in academic settings. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(4), 789–804. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-09-2021-0190
  45. Johnson, R. T., & Smith, A. L. (2022). The impact of faculty turnover on academic leadership stress and work-life balance. Journal of Higher Education Management, 36(2), 112-130. https://doi.org/10.1080/23265507.2022.2048579
  46. Johnson, R. T., & Martinez, L. M. (2022). The cognitive and emotional costs of multitasking in academic leadership roles. Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 29(3), 215-230. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211012345
  47. Kalamaz, D., Mitchell, C., & Luu, M. (2024). Time management and executive functioning among higher education administrators. Higher Education Research Journal, 37(2), 198–212. https://doi.org/10.1080/herj.2024.0276
  48. Kalliath, T., & Brough, P. (2023). Defining and conceptualizing work-life balance: A review of recent literature. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(2), 1480. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20021480
  49. Kattenbach, R., Demerouti, E., & Nachreiner, F. (2020).Flexible working time arrangement and employee health and well-being. Journal of Managerial Psychology, 35(2), 135–148. https://doi.org/10.1108/JMP-08-2019-0496
  50. Kim, H., Zhao, Y., & Lee, S. (2023). Family stress and work-family conflict: A meta analytic review of leadership outcomes. Leadership Quarterly, 34(2), 101-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.leaqua.2023.101754
  51. Kinman, G., & Wray, S. (2018). Presenteeism in academic employees occupational and individual factors. Occupational Medicine, 68(1), 46–50. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqx191
  52. Kolb, D. A., Boyatzis, R. E., & Mainemelis, C. (2001). Experiential learning theory: government unit. Applied Quantitative Analysis. https://doi.org/10.31098/quant.2760
  53. Koçak, O., Yavuz, K., & Yıldırım, M. (2024). Mediating roles of burnout and work-life balance in the relationships between COVID-19 anxiety and life satisfaction among Filipino teachers working remotely. European Journal of Education. https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12708
  54. Kovačević, I. (2019). Emotional intelligence and workplace communication in academic leadership. Journal of Educational Development, 44(1), 78–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/jed.2019.0115
  55. Lazaro, B. R., & Manzano, M. R. (2021). Psychological well-being of academic heads: Lessons from Filipino leadership. Philippine Social Science Journal, 4(3), 88–97.
  56. Lazaro-Quilang, M. P., & Palattao-Dayawon, J. (2023). Emotional coping strategies of Filipino school administrators: A qualitative study. Philippine Journal of Educational Leadership, 10(1), 45–61. https://doi.org/10.54621/pjel.2023.0110
  57. Lee, J., & Kim, Y. (2022). Psychosocial risks in academic leadership: The role of  work place relationships and emotional strain. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(3), 315–331. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-11-2021-0210
  58. Lee, S. Y., & Boon, Y. (2021). Work-life balance and role stress among Malaysian academic administrators during COVID-19. Malaysian Journal of Learning and Instruction, 18(2), 15–39. https://doi.org/10.32890/mjli2021.18.2.2
  59. Lim, C. D., & Navarro, M. L. (2022). Supportive communication practices and emotional resilience in Philippine higher education leadership. Asian Journal of Educational Research and Development, 15(2), 118–132. https://doi.org/10.54392/ajerd.v15i2.126
  60. Lim, D. R., & Santiago, P. J. (2023). Cognitive load and task management: Adaptive leadership practices in Philippine higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 37(2), 214–226. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-06-2022-0275
  61. Lindgreen, A., & Benedetto, C. A. D. (2020). Rediscovering work priorities: Academic leadership in times of crisis. Journal of Business Research, 116(3), 638–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.04.001
  62. Manalo, F. M., & Mercado, R. E. (2019). Mentorship and scheduling strategies for reducing academic stress among university heads in the Philippines. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 7(1), 45–53
  63. Maslow, A. H. (1943). A theory of human motivation. Psychological Review, 50(4), 370 psychological safety and collective moral identity. Journal of Business Ethics, 175(2), 321–338. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10551-021-04824-y
  64. Mauno, S., Rantanen, J., & Mäkikangas, A. (2020). Work-family conflict and enrichment from a longitudinal perspective: Exploring reciprocal relations in Finnish health care. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 25(2), 119–130. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp0000161
  65. Mazerolle, S. M., & Eason, C. M. (2022). Work-life balance and career satisfaction among athletic trainers: A qualitative investigation. Journal of Athletic Training, 57(3), 286–293. https://doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-0267.21
  66. Medina-Garrido, J. A., Biedma-Ferrer, J. M., & Rodríguez-Cornejo, M. V. (2021). I Quit! Effects of Work-Family Policies on the Turnover Intention. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1893.https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041893
  67. Mendoza, J. D., & Arriola, A. F. (2023). Resilience and wellness strategies among Filipino academic leaders: A qualitative study. Philippine Journal of Educational Management, 31(1), 79–93. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.4372228
  68. Mishra, M., & Gupta, N. (2023). Transformative leadership and post-crisis learning in academic settings. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 22(1), 123–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/lps.2023.0302
  69. Mohamed, S. N., Davis, L., & Chen, M. (2023). The power of self-compassion in leadership: Protecting mental health in higher education. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 23(2), 56–70. https://doi.org/10.33423/jop.2023.23.2.056
  70. Nerbass, F. B., Tavares, D. M. S., & Santos, D. A. S. (2022). Sedentary behavior and physical inactivity among university professors: A systematic review. Occupational Medicine, 72(2), 101–108. https://doi.org/10.1093/occmed/kqab138
  71. Nguyen, A. T., & Foster, R. J. (2021). Time management and well-being: Leadership practices in higher education. International Journal of Educational Management, 35(3), 415–429. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-08-2020-0391
  72. Núñez-Cacho, P., Górriz-Mifsud, E., & Sánchez-Pérez, M. (2022). Managing innovation and leadership in higher education institutions: A review. Sustainability, 14(15), 9162. https://doi.org/10.3390/su14159162
  73. Nurlaili, N., Widodo, H., & Fatimah, S. (2021). Wellness and work-life strategies among Indonesian higher education leaders. Indonesian Journal of Educational Management, 15(2), 123–135.
  74. Oducado, R. M. F. (2022). Predictors of burnout among academic nurse educators in the Philippines: A cross-sectional study. Journal of Professional Nursing, 40, 54–61. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.profnurs.2022.04.002
  75. Patel, S., Kim, J., & Rivera, M. (2023). Multitasking, work-family conflict, and burnout: A meta-analytic review of leadership well-being. International Journal of Stress Management, 30(1), 45-67. https://doi.org/10.1037/str0000312
  76. Patel, H., & Mahmood, S. (2023). Leadership fatigue: Understanding the cognitive toll of role overload and workplace ambiguity in higher education. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 26(1), 15–33. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2022.2131075
  77. Putra, R. E., Cho, S. E., & Liu, J. Y. (2020). Work-life balance and job satisfaction: A moderated mediation model. Social Behavior and Personality: An International Journal, 48(2), e8656. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.8656
  78. Rahman, M. A. (2023). Work-family conflict and psychological distress among academic administrators: The mediating role of perceived organizational support. Higher Education Quarterly, 77(1), 56–72. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12301
  79. Ramachandaran, R., Villanueva, L., & Yeung, K. (2024). Emotional labor, wellness, and work-life strategies among academic administrators in Asia-Pacific. International Journal of Educational Management, 38(1), 45–63. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-04-2023-0153
  80. Reiser, J. E. (2021). Vulnerability in academic leadership: The role of self-disclosure in building trust. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 28(4), 499–510. https://doi.org/10.1177/15480518211022440
  81. Reyes, T. G., & Dizon, L. P. (2023). Self-care practices and stress management among Filipino academic program heads: A qualitative study. Philippine Journal of Psychology, 56(1), 87–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/pjp.12418
  82. Richards, C. J., & Richards, L. E. (2021). Thoughtful communication in academic departments: A strategy for burnout prevention. Journal of Educational Communication, 17(3), 67–82. https://doi.org/10.1080/educcomm.2021.0085
  83. Rivera, M. J., & Gomez, A. L. (2022). Communication breakdown and leadership stress: Exploring relational challenges in academic institutions. Journal of Educational Leadership, 18(3), 210-225. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jedulead.2022.05.003
  84. Rivera, J. F., & De Guzman, C. M. (2022). Hobbies and self-care: Coping mechanisms of Filipino academic leaders. Philippine Journal of Psychological Research, 29(2), 134–143. https://doi.org/10.54098/pjpr.v29i2.2217
  85. Rusu, A., & Colomeischi, A. A. (2020). Psychological capital, resilience and work engagement: Their effects on well-being and job satisfaction among teachers. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 623752. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.623752
  86. Rutledge, P. B., & Hogg, J. L. C. (2020). In‐depth interviews. The International Encyclopedia of Media Psychology, 1-7. DOI:10.1002/9781119011071.iemp0019
  87. Santos, J. M., & Williams, L. A. (2022). The impact of family stress on academic leadership effectiveness and emotional well-being. Journal of Educational Administration, 60(1), 45-62. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-07-2021-0115
  88. Santos, A. L., & Cabrera, M. J. (2021). Balancing academic leadership and personal life: The invisible cost of commitment. Philippine Journal of Organizational Psychology, 12(3), 201–216. https://doi.org/10.54392/pjop.v12i3.45
  89. Schmidt, M., Loerbroks, A., & Herr, R. M. (2021). Work stress and health in university teachers: A scoping review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(21), 11484. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111484
  90. Schutte, N. S., & Loi, N. M. (2022). Emotional intelligence and psychological well being: Mediating roles of resilience and coping. Journal of Psychology, 156(5), 453–469. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.2021.1957032
  91. Sheth, A., Miller, J., & Agrawal, P. (2023). Digital boundaries and stress resilience among higher education leaders. Journal of Digital Wellness and Education, 8(2), 101–117. https://doi.org/10.1177/0890117123120561
  92. Skinner, M., & Saxton, M. (2020). The link between physical wellness and leadership effectiveness in universities. Journal of University Leadership and Health, 15(2), 39–52. https://doi.org/10.1097/JULH.0000000000000023
  93. Stahl, N. A., & King, J. R. (2020). Expanding approaches for research: Understanding and using trustworthiness in qualitative research. Journal of developmental education, 44(1), 26-28.    https://www.jstor.org/stable/45381095
  94. Sylvia, A. T., Martinez, E., & Brooks, H. (2024). Redefining academic leadership success through wellness-driven metrics. Journal of Higher Education Policy, 36(1), 76–93. https://doi.org/10.1177/0952873324123889
  95. Tan, L. K., Ng, P. T., & Lim, S. C. (2023). Organisational support and work-life harmony in Singapore’s higher education sector. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 51(3), 483–500. https://doi.org/10.1177/17411432221075813
  96. Thomas, E. J., & Liu, Y. (2020). Interruptions, role conflict, and burnout among university administrators. Journal of Higher Education Policy and Management, 42(5), 485–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/1360080X.2020.1780015
  97. Thompson, H. R., Silva, P. J., & Chen, L. (2023). Work-family conflict and relational strain: A meta-analytic review of leadership stressors across cultures. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 34(2), 134-157. https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2023.2156798
  98. Villanueva, R. C., & Santos, A. M. (2023). Emotional recovery through family engagement: A qualitative study on Filipino academic leaders. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 11(1), 101–110. https://doi.org/10.7828/apjmr.v11i1.1423
  99. Wang, L., & Ortega, M. J. (2022). Transitions and turbulence: The hidden costs of role change among university program heads. Higher Education Quarterly, 76(2), 246–263. https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12315
  100. Wei, Y., & Villwock, A. (2021). From burnout to breakthrough: Faculty reflections on crisis-driven leadership growth. The Journal of Academic Leadership, 9(4), 221–235. https://doi.org/10.1108/JAL-2021-0094
  101. Wheatley, D., & Chung, H. (2021). Working from home and work–life balance:Evidence from the UK. Work, Employment and Society, 35(2), 308–326. https://doi.org/10.1177/0950017020969244
  102. Wilde, D. J., Murray, J., Doherty, P., & Murray, C. D. (2019). Mental health and mediumship: An interpretative phenomenological analysis. Mental Health, Religion & Culture, 22(3), 261-278. https://doi.org/10.1080/13674676.2019.1606186
  103. Williams, C., & van der Westhuizen, P. C. (2021). Gender equity and leadership in  higher education: An international comparative perspective. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 51(7), 1002–1019. https://doi.org/10.1080/03057925.2020.1754443
  104. Wolff, J., Moser, K., & Grau, A. (2021). The protective role of mentoring and social support for work-life balance and burnout in academia. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 127, 103583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2021.103583
  105. Yin, R. K. (2018). Case study research and applications: Design and methods (6th ed.). zThousand Oaks, CA: SAGE. https://doi.org/10.1177/0894439318788021