Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 6 no. 8 (2025)

Looking at the State University’s Organizational Culture Through the Lens of Part-Time Faculty

Lorlyn T. Abe | Charlie T. Anselmo | Ma. Andrea G. Ingente

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study investigated the organizational culture of a state university in the Philippines through the perceptions of part-time faculty mem-bers using the Organizational Culture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). The OCAI assesses six dimensions of organizational culture: dominant characteristics, organizational leadership, employee management, or-ganizational glue, strategic emphasis, and success criteria. Ten con-tract-of-service faculty members participated in the study, allocating 100 points among four cultural types (Clan, Adhocracy, Market, and Hi-erarchy) for each dimension to represent the existing and preferred cultures. The results showed that the existing culture was dominated by Clan culture (31.17 points), characterized by a friendly work envi-ronment and high employee commitment, followed by Hierarchy (27.83 points), Adhocracy (21.67 points), and Market cultures (19.33 points). The preferred culture profile indicated a desire for slight shifts, with increases in Adhocracy (2.66 points) and Market (5.17 points) cul-tures, and decreases in Clan (0.84 points) and Hierarchy (7 points) cul-tures. The differences between the existing and preferred profiles were less than 10 points, suggesting that there was no urgent need for cul-tural change. The findings contribute to understanding the organiza-tional dynamics in Philippine state universities and may inform insti-tutional policies and practices that support part-time faculty engage-ment and effectiveness. Recommendations include implementing strategies to balance the desired cultural shifts while maintaining the strengths of the existing clan culture, providing professional develop-ment opportunities, and conducting further research



References:

  1. Aldalimy, M. J. H., Bannay, D. F.,  & Al-Sharifi,  A. K.  H.  (2019).  Strategic  Alignment  Role  in Achieving  the  Organizational  Excellence through Organizational Dexterity. Journal of  Southwest  Jiaotong  University, 54(6). https://doi.org/10.35741/issn.0258-2724.54.6.41
  2. Aldhafeeri,  N.  A.  (2024).  Organizational  Cul-ture:  A  Concept  Analysis. Nursing  Science Quarterly, 37(4), 365–372. https://doi.org/10.1177/08943184241269891
  3. Aryal, A., Garcia, F. B., Scheitler, A. J., Faraon, E. J.  A.,  Moncatar,  T.  J.  R.  T.,  Saniel,  O.  P.,  Lo-renzo,  F.  M.  E.,  Rosadia,  R.  A.  F.,  Shim-khada,   R.,   Macinko,   J.,   &   Ponce,   N.   A. (2023).  Evolving  academic  and  research partnerships  in  global  health:  a  capacity-building  partnership  to  assess  primary healthcare    in    the    Philippines. Global Health Action, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/16549716.2023.2216069
  4. Batiste, H., Garcia, C.,  & Benson, W. L. (2021). I am  not  worthy:  How  interpersonal  expe-riences   influence   perceived   value   and worth  of  full-and  part-time  faculty. Man-agement   in   Education, 37(4),   169–177. https://doi.org/10.1177/08920206211027633Abe et al., 2025 /Looking at the State University’s Organizational Culture Through the Lens of Part-Time FacultyIJMABER 3755Volume 6| Number 8| August | 2025
  5. Bilimoria, D., & Singer, L. T. (2019). Institutions Developing  Excellence  in  Academic Lead-ership (IDEAL). Equality, Diversity and In-clusion:  An  International  Journal, 38(3), 362–381. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2017-0209
  6. Buonomo, I., Benevene, P., & Fiorilli,  C. (2020). Meaning of work in a group of school prin-cipals: the role of organizational variables. Journal   of   Workplace   Learning, 32(6), 389–403. https://doi.org/10.1108/jwl-12-2019-0146
  7. Cetin,  S.,  Sert,  M.,  &  Gürbüz,  S.  (2015).  A  Meta-analysis  of  the  Relationship  Between  Or-ganizational  Commitment  and  Organiza-tional Citizenship Behavior: Test of Poten-tial  Moderator  Variables. Employee  Re-sponsibilities   and   Rights   Journal, 27(4), 281–303. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-015-9266-5
  8. Chennattuserry,  J.  (2022).  Clan  Culture  in  Or-ganizational Leadership and Strategic Em-phases:     Expectations     Among     School Teachers in India. Journal of School Admin-istration  Research  and  Development, 7(1), 50–59. https://doi.org/10.32674/jsard.v7i1.3585
  9. Cieciora, M., Pietrzak, P., Bołkunow, W., Dębski, M.,  &  Kandefer,  K.  (2021).  Differences  in the  Perception  of  Organizational  Culture in  Non-Public  Universities  in  Poland  by Academic  and  Administrative  Staff –A Study  Based  on  Cameron  and  Quinn’s Model. Foundations     of     Management, 13(1), 131–144. https://doi.org/10.2478/fman-2021-0010
  10. Culver,  K.  C.,  Barnhardt,  C.  L.,  &  Young,  R.  L. (2020). Communicating Support: Examin-ing    Perceived    Organizational    Support among  Faculty  Members  with  Differing Appointment Types. Innovative Higher Ed-ucation, 45(4), 299–315. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10755-020-09503-z
  11. Dalessandro, C., & Lovell, A. (2024). Workplace Inclusion Initiatives Across the Globe: The Importance of Leader and Coworker Sup-port for Employees’ Attitudes, Beliefs, and Planned Behaviors. Societies, 14(11), 231. https://doi.org/10.3390/soc14110231
  12. Deem, J. W., Delotell, P. J., & Kelly, K. (2015). The relationship of employee status to organi-zational  culture  and  organizational  effec-tiveness. International  Journal  of  Educa-tional     Management, 29(5),     563–581. https://doi.org/10.1108/ijem-02-2014-0018
  13. Dobrin,  C.,  Dinulescu,  R.,  &  Dima,  C.  (2021). Evaluating    the    Organizational    Culture from  Romanian  Private  Companies  Using the Organizational Culture Assessment In-strument  (OCAI). Studies  in  Business  and Economics, 16(3), 60–71. https://doi.org/10.2478/sbe-2021-0045
  14. Donglong, Z., Julie, A.,  Sanghun, L., &  Taejun,  C. (2019).  The   structural  relationship  be-tween  organizational  justice  and  organi-zational citizenship behavior in university faculty in China: the mediating effect of or-ganizational commitment. Asia Pacific Ed-ucation Review, 21(1), 167–179. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12564-019-09617-w
  15. Eldridge, S., Ariza Montes, J. A., Morales Fernán-dez,  E.  J.,  &  Leal  Rodríguez,  A.  L.  (2016). Assessing   the   links   between   organisa-tional  cultures  and  unlearning  capability: evidence   from   the   Spanish   automotive components  industry. International  Jour-nal of Innovation and Learning, 20(4), 422. https://doi.org/10.1504/ijil.2016.10000466
  16. Fernandes,  P.,  Wiedenhöft,  G.,  &  Pereira,  R. (2023). Organizational culture and the in-dividuals’  discretionary  behaviors  at work:  a  cross-cultural  analysis. Frontiers in Sociology, 8. https://doi.org/10.3389/fsoc.2023.1190488
  17. Gebretsadik,  D.  M.  (2020).  Impact  of  oraniza-tional culture on the effectiveness of pub-lic higher educational institutions in Ethi-opia. International Journal of Leadership in Education, 25(5), 823–842. https://doi.org/10.1080/13603124.2020.1722248
  18. Gelman, C., Gandel, J., & Bausman, M. (2022). A Multi-faceted, Adjunct-Centered Initiative Abe et al., 2025/Looking at the State University’s Organizational Culture Through the Lens of Part-Time FacultyIJMABER3756Volume 6| Number 8| August| 2025to  Support  Part-time  Faculty. Journal  of Teaching  in  Social  Work, 42(1),  82–99. https://doi.org/10.1080/08841233.2021.2013000
  19. Hasan, D., Wibowo, W., Sudiarditha, I. K. R., Su-sita, D., & Hakim, L. (2024). Analysis of De-terminants   Factors   Affecting   Organiza-tional Citizenship Behaviour in Post-Mer-ger Sharia Banks. Revista  de Gestão Social e Ambiental, 18(9), e06592. https://doi.org/10.24857/rgsa.v18n9-079
  20. Jekabsone,  I.,  &  Anohina-Naumeca,  A.  (2024). The  role  of  universities  in  enabling  open innovation  through  the  development  of digital  competence  of  faculty. Journal  of Open Innovation: Technology, Market, and Complexity, 10(4), 100409. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joitmc.2024.100409
  21. Kartolo,  A.  B.,  &  Kwantes,  C.  T.  (2019).  Organi-zational  culture,  perceived  societal  and organizational   discrimination. Equality, Diversity  and  Inclusion:  An  International Journal, 38(6), 602–618. https://doi.org/10.1108/edi-10-2018-0191
  22. Kinder, C. J., Trad, A. M., Woods, A. M., Graber, K. C.,  & Richards, K. A. (2023). Perceived or-ganizational     support,     marginalization, isolation,  emotional  exhaustion,  and  job satisfaction of PETE faculty members. Eu-ropean  Physical  Education  Review, 29(4), 475–492. https://doi.org/10.1177/1356336x231159636
  23. Knezović, E., & Smajić, H. (2022). Employee Participation in the Decision-Making Pro-cess  and  Organizational  Citizenship  Be-havior:  The  Mediating  Role  of  Affective Commitment. Organizacija, 55(1),  64–76. https://doi.org/10.2478/orga-2022-0005
  24. Köse,  M.  F.,  &  Korkmaz,  M.  (2019).  Why  are some universities better? An evaluation in terms  of  organizational  culture  and  aca-demic performance. Higher Education Re-search & Development, 38(6), 1213–1226. https://doi.org/10.1080/07294360.2019.1634679
  25. Leal-Rodríguez,  A.  L.,  Ariza-Montes,  J.  A.,  El-dridge,   S.,   &   Morales-Fernández,   E.   J. (2015).   Understanding   How   Organiza-tional Culture Typology Relates to Organ-izational  Unlearning  and  Innovation  Ca-pabilities. Journal  of  the  Knowledge  Econ-omy, 10(4), 1497–1514. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-015-0344-6
  26. Maimad,  M.  T.,  Villegas,  J.  P.,  &  Dupa,  H.  J.  P. (2023).  Parental  Involvement  and  Aca-demic  Achievement:  Keys  to  Translating No Poverty and Quality Education SDGs in Philippine  Peripheral  Communities. Jour-nal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 25(2), 76–88. https://doi.org/10.2478/jtes-2023-0017
  27. Marcillo Indacochea, M. M., Fernández Concep-ción,  R.  R.,  &  Lorenzo,  A.  F.  (2018).  Man-agement  of  Organizational  Culture  in  the Public Institutions of Ecuador Educational Sector. Quality    Innovation    Prosperity, 22(1), 44–57. https://doi.org/10.12776/qip.v1i1.1044
  28. Nguyen,  P.  N.-D.,  Tran,  V.  D.,  &  Le,  D.  N.-T. (2022).   Does   organizational   citizenship behavior  predict  organizational  commit-ment  of  employees  in  higher  educational institutions? Frontiers   in   Education, 7. https://doi.org/10.3389/feduc.2022.909263
  29. Organizational    Culture    Assessment    Instru-ment. (n.d.). About the Organizational Cul-ture Assessment Instrument (OCAI). https://www.ocai-online.com/about-the-Organizational-Culture-Assessment-In-strument-OCAI
  30. Palma, E. J. C., & West, G. R. (2023). Working in uncertainty:  Organizational  behavior  of contingent  college  teachers  in  the  Philip-pines. International  Journal  of  Evaluation and  Research  in  Education  (IJERE), 12(4), 1854. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25290
  31. Pooja, A. A., De Clercq, D., & Belausteguigoitia, I. (2016).  Job  Stressors  and  Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Roles of Organ-izational Commitment and Social Interac-tion. Human Resource Development Abe et al., 2025 /Looking at the State University’s Organizational Culture Through the Lens of Part-Time FacultyIJMABER 3757Volume 6| Number 8| August | 2025Quarterly, 27(3), 373–405. https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21258
  32. Shim, H. S., Hoover, L. T., & Jo, Y. (2015). Police transformational  leadership  and  organi-zational  commitment. Policing:  An  Inter-national   Journal   of   Police   Strategies   & Management, 38(4), 754–774. https://doi.org/10.1108/pijpsm-05-2015-0066
  33. Shrestha,  M.  (2022).  Contribution  of  Job  Satis-faction  to  Organizational  Citizenship  Be-havior: A Survey of the School Teachers of Nepal. Journal of School Administration Re-search   and   Development, 7(1),   36–49. https://doi.org/10.32674/jsard.v7i1.2165
  34. Steinert,  Y.,  O’Sullivan,  P.  S.,  &  Irby,  D.  M. (2024).  The  Role  of  Faculty  Development in   Advancing   Change   at   the   Organiza-tional  Level. Academic Medicine : Journal of the Association of American Medical Col-leges, 99(7), 716–723. https://doi.org/10.1097/acm.0000000000005732
  35. Szi̇egat, H. (2022). Transforming Governance of German   Higher   Education   Institutions. Research   in   Educational   Administration and Leadership, 7(3), 472–517. https://doi.org/10.30828/real.1164190
  36. Trivedi, R., & Prakasha, G. S. (2021). Student al-ienation and perceived organizational cul-ture:  A  correlational  study. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Edu-cation (IJERE), 10(4), 1149. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v10i4.21304

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic