Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 6 no. 8 (2025)

Determinants of Non-Participation in Women’s Associations: A Qualitative Inquiry in Bonifacio, Misamis Occidental

Mary Rose D. Naranjo | Sharra Mae Del Rosario | Vincy Kaye G. Omaña | Voltaire B. Torrion

Discipline: Cultural Studies

 

Abstract:

This study was conducted to determine the reasons for the non-par-ticipation of members of the association's programs and activities. Us-ing a descriptive-qualitative approach and semi-structured interviews with 20 non-participating members from four barangays, this study identified key reasons for non-participation, including familial respon-sibilities, political divisions, poor leadership, interpersonal conflict, and perceived unfair distribution of benefits. The analysis revealed that familial responsibilities, political issues, and leadership deficien-cies were the most significant barriers to participation. Moreover, the study also identified factors that could encourage the members to ac-tively participate in the association's programs and activities, includ-ing providing financial assistance, celebrating women's month activi-ties, providing livelihood programs, and the wide dissemination of in-formation by the officers in charge. The study suggests that Women's Associations must improve leadership and communication that will foster inclusivity and ensure equitable resource distribution.



References:

  1. Aggarwal, A., Nobi, K., Jaisinghani, D., & Sharma, G.  (2021).  Analyzing  the  Mediating  Effect of    Leader-member    Exchange    on    the Relationship Between Servant Leadership and Organizational Commitment. International   Journal   of   Economics   and Business Research, 21(2), 287.https://doi.org/10.1504/ijebr.2021.113144
  2. Ahmed,  B.,  &  Kader,  M.  A.  (2023).  A  Critical Examination  of  Community  Participation Process:  Context  of  community  policing practice   in   Dhaka   Metropolitan   Police, Bangladesh. Social Sciences Review (Dhaka),38(2), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.3329/ssr.v38i2.64458
  3. Aju,  S.,  &  Adeosun,  O.  (2020).  Constraints  to participation in the management of coop-erative  societies:  insights  for  women  in Awka  community.Journal  of  Enterprising Communities:   People   and   Places   in   the Global Economy. https://doi.org/10.1108/jec-08-2020-0146.
  4. Ajzen,    I.    (1991).    The    Theory    of    Planned Behavior. Organizational   Behavior   and Human Decision Processes, 50(2), 179–211. https://doi.org/10.1016/0749-5978(91)90020-t
  5. Baillie, J. (2019). Commentary: An Overview of the Qualitative Descriptive Design Within Nursing  Research. Journal  of  Research  in Nursing, 25(5), 458–459. https://doi.org/10.1177/1744987119881056
  6. Switzer,  T.  (2025).  Why  your  association’s members  might  be  walking  out  the  door. YourMembership  by  Momentive  Software. https://www.yourmembership.com/blog/why-your-associations-members-might-be-walking-out-the-door/Bronfenbrenner,    U.    (1974).    Developmental research, public policy, and the ecology of childhood. Child  Development, 45(1),  1. https://doi.org/10.2307/1127743
  7. Bjorvatn,  K.,  Galle,  S.,  Berge,  L.  I.  O.,  Miguel,  E., Posner,  D.  N.,  Tungodden,  B.,  &  Zhang,  K. (2019).  Elections  and  Selfishness. Social Science Research Network.https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3329948
  8. Bokase,  M.  (2020).  Leadership  Behavior  and Participation   in   Regional   Organization Development. Interdisciplinary    Journal Papier Human Review, 1(1), 1–5. https://doi.org/10.47667/ijphr.v1i1.1Naranjoet al., 2025 /Determinants of Non-Participation in Women’s AssociationsIJMABER3864Volume 6| Number 8| August| 2025
  9. Di  Napoli,  I.,  Procentese,  F.,  &  Arcidiacono,  C. (2019).  Women’s  Associations  and  the Well-Being    of    their    Members:    From Mutual    Support    to    Full    Citizenship. Journal of Prevention & Intervention in the Community, 48(2), 189–205.https://doi.org/10.1080/10852352.2019.1624357
  10. English, A. (2021). Lobbying Beyond the Legis-lature: Challenges and Biases in Women's Organizations’ Participation in Rulemak-ing.Politics     &     Gender,     18,     1077 -1111.https://doi.org/10.1017/S1743923X21000350.
  11. Fasakin,    I.    J.,    &    Popoola,    O.    O.    (2019). Agriculture Co-Operative Associations, Livelihood  Income  and  Rural  Households Welfare  in  Osun  State,  Nigeria.Greener Journal of Agricultural Science, 9(2), 180–188. https://doi.org/10.15580/gjas.2019.2.030419043
  12. Fernandes, É. G., Shea, J. N., Rogers, N. E., Smith, C.,   &   Rogers,   E.   (2020).   The   Role   of Leader-Member   Exchange  in  Successful Aging at Work. Industrial and Organizational   Psychology,   13(3),   374–376.https://doi.org/10.1017/iop.2020.70
  13. Flink,  M.,  Brandberg,  C.,  &  Ekstedt,  M.  (2019). Why  Patients  Decline  Participation  in  an Intervention to Reduce Re-Hospitalization Through Patient Activation: Whom Are We Missing? Trials, 20(1).https://doi.org/10.1186/s13063-019-3187-9
  14. Gross, D., & Bettencourt, A. F. (2019). Financial Incentives  for  Promoting  Participation  in a   School-Based   Parenting   Program   in Low-Income     communities. Prevention Science, 20(4), 585–597.https://doi.org/10.1007/s11121-019-0977-y
  15. Gupta,   M.   (2021). Role   of   NGOs   In   Women Empowerment: case studies from Uttarakhand, India. Journal of EnterprisingCommunities:  People  and  Places  in  The Global Economy. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEC-04-2020-0066.
  16. Hasmawati,    F.    (2020).    Communication    as Conflict  Resolution  and  Decision  Making Process. Journal of Islamic Communication    and    Public    Relations (JKPI), 4(1), 59–74. https://doi.org/10.19109/jkpi.v4i1.5769
  17. Hemame,    B.    (2023). The    Phenomenon    of Misunderstanding:  A  Pragmatic  Linguistic Study. Dirasat: Human and Social Sciences. https://doi.org/10.35516/hum.v50i1.4443
  18. Jais,  I.  R.  M.,  Yahaya,  N.,  &  Ghani,  E.  K.  (2021). Talent  Management  in  Higher  Education Institutions: Developing Leadership Competencies.  Journal  of  Education  and E-learning Research, 8(1), 8–15. https://doi.org/10.20448/journal.509.2021.81.8.15
  19. Joyce,  J.,  Wakelee,  H.,  Davis,  M.  B.,  Teo,  S.,  Bell, S.,  &  Rendo,  V.  (2021). Women  In  Cancer Research and Oncology. Cancer Cell,39(3), 285–287. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ccell.2021.02.008
  20. Kang,  A.  Y.  (2020). Women  in  Associations  and Organizations.   Women   in   Associations and Organizations. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190277734.013.490
  21. Lee,  A.  H.  (2020). How  the  Politicization  of Everyday    Activities    Affects    the    Public Sphere: The Effects of Partisan Stereotypes on    Cross-Cutting    Interactions.    Political Communication, 38(5), 499–518. https://doi.org/10.1080/10584609.2020.1799124
  22. Li,  Y.,  Huang,  J.,  Guo,  H.,  &  Wang,  Z.  (2021). Research    on    Incentive    Mechanism    of Benefit Distribution in Collaborative Innovation  of  Industry  Alliance.  MATEC Web of Conferences, 336, 09008. https://doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202133609008
  23. Lochmiller,  C.  R.  (2021). Conducting  Thematic Analysis     with     Qualitative     Data.     The Qualitative Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2021.5008
  24. Manlosa, A. O. (2022). Operationalizing Agency in    Livelihoods    Research:    smallholderNaranjoet al., 2025 /Determinants of Non-Participation in Women’s AssociationsIJMABER 3865Volume 6| Number 8| August | 2025farming livelihoods in southwest Ethiopia. Ecology and Society, 27(1). https://doi.org/10.5751/es-12887-270111 
  25. McWood, L., Erath, S., Pettit, G., Bates, J., Dodge, K.,    &    Lansford,    J.    (2021).    Organized Activity Involvement Predicts Internalizing  and  Externalizing  Problems in   Adolescence.   Journal   of   Youth   and Adolescence, 50, 2181 -2193. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10964-021-01491-3.
  26. Moghaddam,    H.    R.,    Allahverdipour,    H.,    & Matlabi, H. (2018). Successful recruitment and retention strategies for women health volunteers: viewpoints of the volunteers' supervisors and relevant researchers. Journal of Multidisciplinary  Healthcare,  Volume11, 621–634. https://doi.org/10.2147/jmdh.s180544
  27. Melro,  A.,  &   Oliveira,  L.  (2019).  Knowledge Creation, Management, and Dissemination in Impact Communities. In IGI Global eBooks (pp. 809–823). https://doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-8182-6.ch041
  28. Rizzo,  T.  L.,  &  Columna,  L.  (2020).  Theory  of Planned  Behavior.  In  Routledge  eBooks (pp. 326–346). https://doi.org/10.4324/9780429052675-25
  29. Roberts,  A.,  &  Rosanne,  E.  (2020). Qualitative Interview  Questions: Guidance  for  Novice Researchers.The     Qualitative     Report. https://doi.org/10.46743/2160-3715/2020.4640
  30. Steele,  C.,  Moake,  T.,  &  Medina-Craven,  M. (2023).  Developing  women  leaders:  The role  of  women's  professional  organiza-tions.Human Resource Development Quar-terly.https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21496.
  31. Sugie, N. F., & Conner, E. (2020). Marginalization or Incorporation? Welfare Receipt and Political Participation Among Young  Adults.  Social Problems, 69(3), 659–677. https://doi.org/10.1093/socpro/spaa050
  32. Sulaiman,  A.,  Othman,  J.,  Samah,  B.  A.,  Yero,  A., Alby,    J.    L.    D.,    &    Ortega,    A.    (2014). Determinants of Community Participation in     Community     Policing     Program     in Malaysia.   Journal   of   Applied   Sciences, 14(20), 2439–2449. https://doi.org/10.3923/jas.2014.2439.2449
  33. Tran,  H.  N.,  &  Lo  Chin,  E.  (2020). Celebrating Women  in  Medicine. ̃the  œPermanente Journal/Permanente Journal, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.7812/tpp/20.069

Tools


Copyright © 2025  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic