Tracer Study on the Employability of BSBA Financial Management Graduates, Kalinga State University (2021–2023)
Ruth Ann Marie A. Aquino | Laarni B. Velasco | Angeline L. Labbutan | Marinelle M. Tocyapao | Dianne G. Domingo
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
This study investigated the employment outcomes and program relevance of Bachelor of Science in Business Administration major in Financial Management (BSBA-FM) graduates from Kalinga State University (KSU) for the years 2021 to 2023. Addressing the gap in localized tracer studies, it aimed to determine graduates’ employment status, skill application, and the alignment of academic preparation with industry needs. Using a quantitative approach, data were collected through a survey of 69 graduates. Results showed that 80% were employed, with most securing their first jobs through walk-in applications (71%) and occupying entry-level or clerical positions. Monthly earnings were primarily between Php5,000 and Php10,000 (89%). Graduates expressed high job satisfaction and identified human relations, communication, and critical thinking as the most valuable competencies gained from their program. The BSBA-FM curriculum was perceived to have significantly enhanced teamwork and learning efficiency. However, a notable portion of respondents had not pursued further training or advanced studies. Findings indicate a strong alignment between the BSBA-FM program and immediate employability, particularly in cultivating soft skills essential for the workplace. To strengthen long-term career outcomes, the study recommends enhancing career services, upgrading facilities, and integrating more industry-relevant content.
References:
- Abdullah, W. F. W., Salleh, K. M., Sulaiman, N. L., & Kamarrudin, M. (2022). Employability skills in the TVET Trainer Training Program: The perception between experienced trainers and novices trainers. Journal of Technical Education and Training, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.30880/jtet.2022.14.01.013
- Abelha, M., Fernandes, S., Mesquita, D., Seabra, F., & Ferreira-Oliveira, A. T. (2020). Graduate employability and competence development in higher education: A systematic literature review using PRISMA. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(15). https://doi.org/10.3390/SU12155900
- Ahmad, M. F., Salamuddin, N., Surat, S., Safwan, N. S. Z., Latif, R. A., Basar, A., & Azemi, M. A. (2023). Linking human resources management practices and organizational commitment: The mediating role of employability. Journal of Law and Sustainable Development, 11(2). https://doi.org/10.55908/SDGS.V11I2.636
- Akkermans, J., Donald, W. E., Jackson, D., & Forrier, A. (2024). Are we talking about the same thing? The case for stronger connections between graduate and worker employability research. Career Development International, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/CDI-08-2023-0278
- Alam, G. M., Parvin, M., Ayub, A. F. B. M., Kader, R., & Rahman, M. M. (2020). Does an MBA degree advance business management skill or in fact create horizontal and vertical mismatches? Business Process Management Journal, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/BPMJ-10-2020-0465
- Aljumah, A. (2023). The impact of job training on recruitment and employability skills among graduates. International Journal of Professional Business Review, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.26668/businessreview/2023.v8i10.2806
- Alvarez, M. T. S., & Cammayo, E. U. (2023). A graduate’s employability study of the Bachelor of Science in Entrepreneurship of Isabela State University, Philippines. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i1.22841
- Andini, D., Kusnandar, H. F., Andriati, Y. S., Sumarni, R., Faizal, R., Abdillah, W. A., & Marlina, L. (2024). Developing digital portfolios to enhance employability and career success : A community service program for high school students and fresh graduates in Tasikmalaya. Dst, 4(2), 204–212. https://doi.org/10.47709/dst.v4i2.4925
- Arthur, N., Woodend, J., Gust, L., Dyrda, A., & Dang, J. (2022). It’s not as easy as they say: International students’ perspectives about gaining Canadian work experience. Canadian Journal of Career Development, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.53379/cjcd.2022.344
- Attaullah, M., & Khan, R. (2023). Relationship between leadership and management training and enhancement of principal’s skills at public sector secondary school level. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2). https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.306
- Ballantine, J. A., Wall, T., & Ward, A. M. (2022). Flexible working in the public sector – a case of inflexibility: senior managers’ experiences. Employee Relations, 44(6). https://doi.org/10.1108/ER-08-2020-0379
- Barcelona, A., Caminong, J., & Cruz, S. R. Dela. (2023). Reimagining the future of a business education program using appreciative inquiry. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.11591/ijere.v12i4.25192
- Bautista Jr., A., Martinez, B. A., Tano, I., Estacio, R., Arago, R., Bautista, G., & Bien, L. (2023). Acquired skills of graduates of a local Philippine University and its relevance to their present job: A tracer survey. Diversitas Journal, 8(3). https://doi.org/10.48017/dj.v8i3.2644
- Bauto, A. D., Graganta, T. A. B., Isidro, K. A. C., Encomio, C. L. L., David, K. J. C., Jaurigue, J. A. L., Tanteo, J. L., & Limos-Galay, J. A. (2024). Tracer study on Bachelor of Science in Business Administration in Divine Word College of Jan Jose, Academic Year 2018-2022. International Journal of Research Studies in Management, 12(3). https://doi.org/10.5861/ijrsm.2024.1058
- Belchior-Rocha, H., Casquilho-Martins, I., & Simões, E. (2022). Transversal competencies for employability: From higher education to the labour market. Education Sciences, 12(4). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci12040255
- Berger, N., Hanham, J., Stevens, C. J., & Holmes, K. (2019). Immediate feedback improves career decision self-efficacy and aspirational alignment. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(FEB). https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00255
- Bertram, I., Bouwman, R., & Tummers, L. (2024). Getting what you expect: How civil servant stereotypes affect citizen satisfaction and perceived performance. Public Administration. https://doi.org/10.1111/padm.12986
- Bikar, S. S., Talin, R., Rathakrishnan, B., Sharif, S., Nazarudin, M. N., & Rabe, Z. Bin. (2023). Sustainability of graduate employability in the post-COVID-19 era: Initiatives by the Malaysian Ministry of Higher Education and Universities. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813536
- Boldureanu, G., Ionescu, A. M., Bercu, A. M., Bedrule-Grigoruţă, M. V., & Boldureanu, D. (2020). Entrepreneurship education through successful entrepreneurial models in higher education institutions. Sustainability (Switzerland), 12(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/su12031267
- Caingcoy, Manuel E., & Barroso, D. A. (2020). Cross-sectional inquiry on employability and employment status of Bachelor of Secondary Education Graduates (2016-2018): A Tracer Study. East African Scholars Multidisciplinary Bulletin, 3(10). https://doi.org/10.36349/easmb.2020.v03i10.002
- Calloway, P. R., & Langford, G. E. (2024). Integrating industry feedback into interdisciplinary course design for graduate students. Research and Advances in Education, 3(8), 11–21. https://doi.org/10.56397/rae.2024.08.02
- Chaudhry, M. A., Khalid, R., & Özcan, R. (2022). Determinants of job mismatch among graduates: A case study of clerical workers at Lahore, Pakistan. Akademika, 92(3), 175–185. https://doi.org/10.17576/akad-2022-9203-13
- Chen, Y., Lyu, J., Shen, W., Xyu, D., & Zhai, Y. (2024). A good university or a good city?: Double considerations in the employment decisions of STEM doctoral graduates in China. Higher Education Quarterly, 78(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/hequ.12486
- Cheng, Z., Zhu, C., & Dinh, N. B. K. (2024). Perceived changes in transformational leadership: The role of motivation and perceived skills in educational leadership training under an EU-China cooperation project. European Journal of Education, 59(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/ejed.12636
- Chikazhe, L., Bhebhe, T., Nyagadza, B., Munyanyi, E., & Singizi, T. (2023). The role of self-service technology and graduates’ perceived job performance in assessing university service quality. Quality Assurance in Education, 31(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-03-2022-0080
- Chima, T., Mkwinda, E., Kumwenda, S., & Machaya, T. (2023). A tracer study of psychosocial counselling graduates working in different healthcare facilities across Malawi. Journal of Multidisciplinary Healthcare, 16. https://doi.org/10.2147/JMDH.S427513
- Choi, J., & Kim, H. D. (2021). Sustainable careers of athletes: Themes and concepts regarding transition theories involving athletes. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(9). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13094824
- Chowdhury, M.-U.-A., & Islam, M. A. (2022). Reservation wage for high skilled graduates in Bangladesh: Preliminary factors. International Business Research, 15(12). https://doi.org/10.5539/ibr.v15n12p1
- Conen, W., & Schippers, J. (2019). Self-employment: Between freedom and insecurity. In Self-Employment as Precarious Work: A European Perspective. https://doi.org/10.4337/9781788115032.00006
- da Silva Oliveira, A. B., de Lima Pereira Castro Junior, J., & de Sousa Montalvão, S. (2022). The myth of meritocracy: Academicism and methodological flaws in Brazilian public recruitment. Revista de Administracao Publica, 56(6). https://doi.org/10.1590/0034-761220220150x
- Dahal, S., Puwar, T., & Zodpey, S. (2024). Systems and processes related to placement of graduates at public health education institutions in India. Journal of Health Management.
- Daniel, H., Nicholas, F., Chavali, K., & Gundala, R. R. (2023). The perceived effects of graduate business education on personal and professional development: An empirical study. TEM Journal, 12(1). https://doi.org/10.18421/TEM121-43
- Dolce, V., Emanuel, F., Cisi, M., & Ghislieri, C. (2020). The soft skills of accounting graduates: perceptions versus expectations. Accounting Education, 29(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09639284.2019.1697937
- Drishti, E. (2025). Graduate employability in the Western Balkans: A career ecosystem perspective on labour market inequalities. https://doi.org/10.21203/rs.3.rs-6189145/v1
- Edralin, D., & Pastrana, R. (2023). Technical and vocational education and training in the Philippines: In retrospect and its future directions. Bedan Research Journal, 8(1). https://doi.org/10.58870/berj.v8i1.50
- Ehiobuche, C., Okolie, U. C., Nwali, A. C., & Igwe, P. A. (2022). Is there a link between industry involvement in higher education learning and student job creation intention? Industry and Higher Education, 36(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222211010589
- El Marsafawy, H., Roy, R., & Ali, F. (2022). Measuring learning outcomes: Bridging accreditation requirements and LMS functionalities. Quality Assurance in Education, 30(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/QAE-11-2021-0186
- Engstrom, C. L. (2019). Hiring managers’ impressions of business communication’s legitimacy. Business and Professional Communication Quarterly, 82(4). https://doi.org/10.1177/2329490619859356
- Espinoza, O., González, L., Miranda, C., Sandoval, L., Corradi, B., McGinn, N., & Larrondo, Y. (2024). Job satisfaction among university graduates in Chile. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 14(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2023-0286
- Fan, C., & Wang, J. (2022). Development and validation of a questionnaire to measure digital skills of Chinese undergraduates. Sustainability (Switzerland), 14(6). https://doi.org/10.3390/su14063539
- Fan, Y., Yang, L., & Lv, J. (2023). Research on the strategies for improving employment performance of college students in the post-epidemic era: A case study of Hebei Province, China. International Journal of Educational Innovation and Science, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.38007/ijeis.2023.040115
- Fantinelli, S., Cortini, M., Di Fiore, T., Iervese, S., & Galanti, T. (2024). Bridging the gap between theoretical learning and practical application: A qualitative study in the Italian Educational Context. Education Sciences, 14(2). https://doi.org/10.3390/educsci14020198
- Farooq, S. (2011). Mismatch between education and occupation: A case study of Pakistani graduates. Pakistan Development Review, 50(4). https://doi.org/10.30541/v50i4iipp.531-553
- Fearon, C., van Vuuren, W., McLaughlin, H., & Nachmias, S. (2020). Graduate employability, skills development and the UK’s Universities Business Challenge competition: a self-determined learning perspective. Studies in Higher Education, 45(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2019.1576166
- Gesing, P., Pant, M. D., & Burbage, A. K. (2023). Health occupations salary outcomes: intersections of student race, gender, and first-generation status. Advances in Health Sciences Education, 28(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-022-10154-2
- Goldan, L., Jaksztat, S., & Gross, C. (2023). How does obtaining a permanent employment contract affect the job satisfaction of doctoral graduates inside and outside academia? Higher Education, 86(1). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-022-00908-7
- Heriyadi, B., Yustisia, H., Asnur, L., & Verawardina, U. (2023). Literature review: Study of the relevance of the mining vocational education curriculum in the preparation of the MBKM. https://doi.org/10.2991/978-2-494069-35-0_116
- Hojda, P., Roszkowska, S., & Trojak, M. (2022). What drives labour market success? Empirical analysis of university graduates in Poland. Education and Training, 64(5). https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-09-2021-0354
- Hossain, M. M., Alam, M., Alamgir, M., & Salat, A. (2020). Factors affecting business graduates’ employability–empirical evidence using partial least squares (PLS). Education and Training, 62(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-12-2018-0258
- Hur, H., Maurer, J. A., & Hawley, J. (2019). The role of education, occupational match on job satisfaction in the behavioral and social science workforce. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 30(3). https://doi.org/10.1002/hrdq.21343
- Indriawan, S. R., & Maria. (2024). Sustainability of the cassava processed agro industry business after the COVID-19 pandemic. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 1302(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/1302/1/012129
- Inicia, B., & Emolyn M, I. (2020). A tracer study of the PhdEm graduates of Saint Paul University Philippines (SPUP). International Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 10(12). https://doi.org/10.30845/ijhss.v10n12p13
- Ismail Albalushi, K., & Naqshbandi, M. M. (2022). Factors affecting success and survival of small and medium enterprises in the Middle East. Knowledge, 2(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/knowledge2030031
- Januariyansah, S., Putra, R., Erni, E., Iskandar, H., & Gunawan, S. (2022). The urgency of employability skills for vocational graduates in the job market. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.11-10-2022.2325390
- Januzaj, Y. A., Sylqa, D., Luma, A., & Gashi, L. (2024). A textual content analysis model for aligning job market demands and university curricula through data mining techniques. International Journal of Interactive Mobile Technologies , 18(14), 164–176. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijim.v18i14.47901
- Kamuzora, A. N. (2024). Redefining employability skills in the fourth industrial revolution: A comparative analysis with Nyerere’s second and third industrial revolutions. African Journal of Empirical Research, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.51867/ajernet.5.1.16
- Keha Kuko, A., & Msuya, O. W. (2024). Analysis of the role of community actors towards self-employment support for higher education graduates in Tanzania. Journal Of Issues And Practice In Education, 15(2). https://doi.org/10.61538/jipe.v15i2.1399
- Kenayathulla, H. B., Ahmad, N. A., & Idris, A. R. (2019). Gaps between competence and importance of employability skills: evidence from Malaysia. Higher Education Evaluation and Development, 13(2). https://doi.org/10.1108/heed-08-2019-0039
- Kim, E. Y., & Yeo, J. H. (2021). Transition shock and job satisfaction changes among newly graduated nurses in their first year of work: A prospective longitudinal study. Journal of Nursing Management, 29(3). https://doi.org/10.1111/jonm.13164
- Kim, Y., & Lee, H. (2023). Investigating the effects of career education programs on high school students’ career development competencies in Korea. Sustainability (Switzerland), 15(18). https://doi.org/10.3390/su151813970
- Koh, J. M. Y., Ang, H. G., Lee, J., & Pua, Y. H. (2022). The hard truth about soft skills: Exploring the association between leadership competency and career advancement of allied health professionals. Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare, 31. https://doi.org/10.1177/20101058221138834
- Lee, E. (2019). Why newly graduated nurses in South Korea leave their first job in a short time? A survival analysis. Human Resources for Health, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12960-019-0397-x
- Lopena, G. L., & Madrigal, D. V. (2023). A tracer study of the business graduate programs of a catholic university in the Philippines. International Education Studies, 16(2). https://doi.org/10.5539/ies.v16n2p76
- Mafazi, R. T. (2023). Implementing Merdeka Curriculum to improve teacher professional services in elementary schools. Journal La Sociale, 4(6). https://doi.org/10.37899/journal-la-sociale.v4i6.933
- Maguatcher Jeremie, Gulinuer Maimaiti, & Ning Ru. (2024). Examining international graduate students’ career willingness in China: influencing factors and integration of professional development. Journal of Studies in International Education, 28(5).
- Marinescu, I., & Wolthoff, R. (2020). Opening the black box of the matching function: The power of words. Journal of Labor Economics, 38(2). https://doi.org/10.1086/705903
- McGunagle, D., & Zizka, L. (2020). Employability skills for 21st-century STEM students: the employers’ perspective. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 10(3). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2019-0148
- McLachlan, C. J. (2022). Developing a framework for responsible downsizing through best fit: the importance of regulatory, procedural, communication and employment responsibilities. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/09585192.2021.1958248
- Mekonnen Yimer, B., Herut, A. H., Demissie, M. M., Bareke, M. L., Agezew, B. H., Dedho, N. H., & Lebeta, M. F. (2024). Trends of higher education enrolment, graduation, and employment in Ethiopia: an empirical analysis. Cogent Education, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/2331186X.2024.2302623
- Mercado, F. M., & Villenas, B. N. (2024). Grounded theory on creating and maintaining adult education programs in selected higher education institutions in the Philippines. European Journal of Educational Research, volume-13-2024(volume-13-issue-4-october-2024), 1455–1475. https://doi.org/10.12973/eu-jer.13.4.1455
- Mohd Salahuddin, N. F., Mahpar, N. S., & Ishak, M. F. (2023). The relationship between employability skills and job mismatch towards graduates’ unemployment. Information Management and Business Review, 15(3(I)). https://doi.org/10.22610/imbr.v15i3(i).3519
- Mokhets’engoane, S. J., Mokati, M., & Kurata, L. (2024). Examining teachers’ perspectives on implementing team teaching in a secondary school setting in Leribe, Lesotho. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies, 50(6), 406–417. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2024/v50i61422
- Monteiro, S., Almeida, L., & García-Aracil, A. (2021). It’s a very different world: Work transition and employability of higher education graduates. Higher Education, Skills and Work-Based Learning, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/HESWBL-10-2019-0141
- Moreira, D., & Pérez, S. (2024). Civil Service Exams and Organizational Performance: Evidence from the Pendleton Act. American Economic Journal: Applied Economics, 16(3). https://doi.org/10.1257/app.20220284
- Mueller, C. E. (2024). What drives the effectiveness of public startup support programs? Empirical insights from the “EXIST-business startup grant.” Journal of Entrepreneurship and Public Policy, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/JEPP-08-2023-0083
- Muja, A., Blommaert, L., Gesthuizen, M., & Wolbers, M. H. J. (2019). The role of different types of skills and signals in youth labor market integration. Empirical Research in Vocational Education and Training, 11(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s40461-019-0081-3
- Murtianingsih, M., Salim, U., Djazuli, A., & Sudjatno, S. (2023). Building business resilience of small and medium enterprises through managerial skills and innovation on the second wave of the COVID-19 pandemic (Study of Batik SMEs in East Java, Indonesia). https://doi.org/10.2991/978-94-6463-178-4_7
- Muwanguzi, E., Serunjogi, C. D., & Katushabe, E. (2023). An analysis of community engagement in higher education: A conceptual exploration. British Journal of Education, Learning and Development Psychology, 6(3). https://doi.org/10.52589/bjeldp-jx4kjgwo
- Nanos, I., & . A. (2024). Preparing future managers for digital transformation: Integrating ERP/CRM systems and organizational courses into the business curriculum. The Review of Contemporary Scientific and Academic Studies, 4(2). https://doi.org/10.55454/rcsas.4.02.2024.008
- Nastiti, P. R., Setyorini, N., & Ervina, R. H. (2023). The effect of career aspiration and career calling on perception of employability with opportunity awareness as an intervening variable and effect of career aspiration and career calling on opportunity awareness and perceived employability. Quantitative Economics and Management Studies, 4(1). https://doi.org/10.35877/454ri.qems1261
- Ng’ora, S., Mwakalobo, A. B. S., & Lwesya, F. (2022). Managerial skills for Micro, Small, and Medium-sized Enterprises (MSMEs). Management Dynamics in the Knowledge Economy, 10(4). https://doi.org/10.2478/mdke-2022-0022
- Nwakanma, C. H. (2024). The impact of career education on students’ labour market perceptions. Didaktika: Jurnal Kependidikan, 13(1). https://doi.org/10.58230/27454312.490
- O. Odede, S., T. Adeyemi, A., O. Kolawole, I., R. Oladimeji, S., & O. Adeniyi, A. (2021). Tracer study of technical education graduates of Osun State College of Education, 2011-2015. International Journal of Research Publications, 78(1). https://doi.org/10.47119/ijrp100781620211973
- O’Regan, M., Carthy, A., McGuinness, C., & Owende, P. (2022). Employer collaboration in developing graduate employability: a pilot study in Ireland. Education and Training, 65(10). https://doi.org/10.1108/ET-03-2022-0081
- Odlin, D., Benson-Rea, M., & Sullivan-Taylor, B. (2022). Student internships and work placements: approaches to risk management in higher education. Higher Education, 83(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00749-w
- Omar, F., Abdul Rahim, A. R., & Hafit, N. I. A. (2022). Perceived career counselling establishing career adaptability among newly hired graduates. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 12(9). https://doi.org/10.6007/ijarbss/v12-i9/14836
- Owusu, M. K., Owusu, A., Fiorgbor, E. T., & Atakora, J. (2021). Career aspiration of students: The influence of peers, teachers and parents. Journal of Education, Society and Behavioural Science. https://doi.org/10.9734/jesbs/2021/v34i230306
- Park, K. H., & Luo, N. (2023). Relationship between educational mismatches and job satisfaction: evidence from Korean young employees’ lifelong learning. European Journal of Training and Development, 47(9). https://doi.org/10.1108/EJTD-02-2022-0013
- Pitan, O. S., & Muller, C. (2023). Assessment of strategies for preparing graduates for the disruptive workplace: Evidence from Nigeria and South Africa. Journal of Teaching and Learning for Graduate Employability, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.21153/JTLGE2023VOL14NO1ART1576
- Pommarang, S., & Kenaphoom, S. (2024). Integrating work-based education: Bridging academic knowledge and practical experience for workforce readiness. Business Sustainability Practices in Society 5.0.
- Por, N., Say, C., & Mov, S. (2024). Factors influencing students’ decisions in choosing universities: Build Bright University students. Journal As-Salam, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.37249/assalam.v8i1.646
- Qiang, Z., Kenny, C. S. L., & Xuanfang, J. (2022). A bibliometric review of career education from contemporary literature with Vosviewer and Biblioshiny. Journal of Curriculum and Teaching, 11(8). https://doi.org/10.5430/jct.v11n8p259
- Roach O’Keefe, A., Hooper, S., & Jakubiec, B. A. E. (2019). Exploring early childhood educators’ notions about professionalism in Prince Edward Island. Journal of Childhood Studies. https://doi.org/10.18357/jcs.v44i1.18775
- Saefullah, E., & Rohaeni, N. (2022). International Journal of Engagement and Empowerment: Enhancing Business Management and Financial Management of Banana Chips MSMEs in Kamurang Village, Cikande District, Serang Regency. 2(2). https://doi.org/10.53067/ije2.v2i2
- Sam, V. (2020). Impacts of educational mismatches on job satisfaction: The case of university graduates in Cambodia. International Journal of Manpower, 41(1). https://doi.org/10.1108/IJM-07-2018-0229
- Sanabria-Pulido, P., & Bello-Gómez, R. A. (2021). Public sector reform and perceptions of public servants: An international longitudinal review. In The Palgrave Handbook of the Public Servant: With 75 Figures and 78 Tables. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-29980-4_89
- Scott, R. E., Shelley, A., Murphy, J., Park, R., & Jallas, M. (2023). Exploring faculty perspectives on text selection and textbook affordability. College and Research Libraries, 84(2). https://doi.org/10.5860/crl.84.2.180
- Serhan, C., & Tsangari, H. (2022). The mediating effects of psychological states on the relationship of job dimensions to personal and work outcomes, for fresh graduates. Journal of Management Development, 41(4). https://doi.org/10.1108/JMD-10-2021-0274
- Setyaningsih, R., Abdullah, A., Prihantoro, E., & Hustinawaty, H. (2022). Digital skill: Optimizing the utilization of information technology by Pesantren University in alumni tracking activities. Proceedings Of International Conference On Communication Science, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.29303/iccsproceeding.v2i1.94
- Smoliarchuk, E., Roshchin, S., & Travkin, P. (2024). The role of training in the “school-to-work” transition in the Russian labour market.
- Summera, S., & Yasmin, B. (2022). Factors influencing youths’ career aspirations: A case study of Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. Pakistan Development Review, 61(4). https://doi.org/10.30541/v61i4pp.621-641
- Suna, H. E., Tanberkan, H., Eroğlu, E., Özet, M., & Gür, B. S. (2020). Horizontal skills mismatch in vocational education in Turkey: The reasons for out-of-field employment. İstanbul Üniversitesi Sosyoloji Dergisi, 40(2). https://doi.org/10.26650/sj.2020.40.2.0101
- Tan, E., Mwagwabi, F., Lim, T., & Lim, A. (2023). Graduate employability concerns amidst a crisis: Student perspectives from Singapore on COVID-19. Industry and Higher Education, 37(3). https://doi.org/10.1177/09504222221126420
- Tuononen, T., Parpala, A., & Lindblom-Ylänne, S. (2019). Graduates’ evaluations of usefulness of university education, and early career success–a longitudinal study of the transition to working life. Assessment and Evaluation in Higher Education, 44(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/02602938.2018.1524000
- Tushabe, S. B., Mbowa, H. S., Ampumuza, C., & Sempala, F. (2024). Socio-emotional skills and graduate employability in the hospitality sector of Southwestern Uganda, Kigezi Sub-Region. Journal of Research Innovation and Implications in Education. https://doi.org/10.59765/vyar3758
- Upadhaya, H. P., & Kwon, I. (2023). Gender quota in the civil service and female participation: Evidence from Nepal. Pacific Economic Review, 28(2). https://doi.org/10.1111/1468-0106.12416
- Veselinović, L., Mangafić, J., & Turulja, L. (2020). The effect of education-job mismatch on net income: evidence from a developing country. Economic Research-Ekonomska Istrazivanja , 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1080/1331677X.2020.1723427
- Victoriano, H. T., Posadas, F. C., Migallos, S. F., Reyes, C. S., Campugan, C. E., & Salas, L. F. (2022). Graduate tracer study for the 12 academic programs in the Graduate School of San Pedro College, Davao City, Philippines. Asian Journal of Education and Social Studies. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajess/2022/v35i1747
- Visco, D. A. (2022). Self-employment: a key to the unemployment challenge during the new normal in Abra, Philippines. South Florida Journal of Development, 3(3). https://doi.org/10.46932/sfjdv3n3-024
- Waqar, M., & Kuuire, V. Z. (2024). The critical services are out of reach: Diabetes management and the experiences of south asian immigrants in Ontario. Journal of Primary Care and Community Health, 15. https://doi.org/10.1177/21501319241240635
- Waterworth, S., Costello, R., Pryer, B., Lewis, T., & Kerr, C. (2022). Sports therapists’ perceptions and experiences of graduate employment. International Journal of Therapy and Rehabilitation, 29(6). https://doi.org/10.12968/ijtr.2021.0148
- Whitchurch, C., Locke, W., & Marini, G. (2021). Challenging career models in higher education: the influence of internal career scripts and the rise of the “concertina” career. Higher Education, 82(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10734-021-00724-5
- Yahya Umar Magaji, Beatrice Bunyasi Awori, & Muthee J. M. (2023). Career aspirations as a predictor of academic achievement of learners with hearing impairment in special secondary schools in north-eastern Nigeria. International Journal of Science and Research Archive, 9(2). https://doi.org/10.30574/ijsra.2023.9.2.0664
- Zhou, C., Zhang, D., & He, X. (2021). Transportation accessibility evaluation of educational institutions conducting field environmental education activities in ecological protection areas: A case study of Zhuhai City. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(16). https://doi.org/10.3390/su13169392
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2984-8385 (Online)
ISSN 2984-8288 (Print)