Exploring The Needs Of Barangay Police
David Paul Dacuycuy | Kyle Adrian Sibaluca | Terrenz Wilbur Tenay | Ray Obispo
Discipline: Law
Abstract:
Barangay Police, popularly known as Barangay Tanods, stand as law enforcers at a community grassroots level. However, research reveals that there is a decreasing trajectory in the level of effectiveness in the maintenance of peace and order among the barangay police. In order to determine plausible solutions to the decreasing number of barangay police performance, a mixed method sequential explanatory design is utilized. This design aims to determine the needs of barangay police in terms of maintaining peace and order. Barangay policemen of fifteen (15) different barangays of Tuguegarao City were tested. One-way ANOVA, independent sample t-test, and Kruskal Wallis test with a significance threshold of 0.05 were utilized to determine the significant difference of the two sample variables. The findings revealed that there is a great need for training intervention. Notably, the level of educational attainment has a significance in the varying training needs of the respondents. Hence, in order to improve peace and order implementation of the barangay police, the Barangay Police Capacity-Building Program will be implemented. It is composed of four phases tackling different aspects of barangay policing, such as skills development, resource utilization, and training on the 11 duties. This study recommends that other factors affecting the performance of the barangay police should also be investigated to provide a holistic and comprehensive academic undertaking in the field of barangay policing.
References:
- Abasiama, A., Shedrack, M., & Barida, B. (2012). GIS – Based Crime Prevention: A Participatory Approach to Crime Mapping and Hot spots Analysis in Uyo, Akwa Ibom State Nigeria. Journal of Scientific and Engineering Research, 2018, 5(9):233-238. http://jsaer.com/download/vol-5-iss-9-2018/JSAER2018-05-09-233-238.pdf
- Abun, D., Asuncion, S. B., Lazaro, J., Magallanes, T. & Nimfa, C. (2021). The effect of educational attainment, length of work experience on the self-efficacy of teachers and employees. International Journal of Business Ecosystem & Strategy, 3, 16-28. https://doi.org/ff10.36096/ijbes.v3i2.258
- Alicar-Cadorna, E. (2012). Productivity and Performance of Barangays: The Case of the Heritage City of Vigan, Philippines. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, International Journal of Social, Behavioral, Educational, Economic, Business and Industrial Engineering, 2, 1206-1218. https://publications.waset.org/1707/productivity-and-performance-of-barangays-the-case-of-the-heritage-city-of-vigan-philippines
- Anderson, J. (2022). Criminal Neglect. City Journal. https://www.city-journal.org/violent-crime-in-cities-on-the-rise
- Angolab, J. (2022). Community Policing in Tuguegarao City: An Assessment. Global Scientific Journal, 10(2). https://www.globalscientificjournal.com/researchpaper/COMMUNITY_POLICING_IN_TUGUEGARAO_CITY_AN_ASSESSMENT.pdf
- Antonio, L. (2020). Enhancing Barangay Justice System Through the Development of a Web-Based Crime Monitoring Module. Bulacan State University. http://dx.doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3642023
- Aquino, A., Pila, R., & Buaraga, J. (2016). Effectiveness of the Crime Prevention Approaches in Mandaluyong City. International Journal of Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 6(3), 99-120. https://www.academia.edu/35736505/EFFECTIVENESS_OF_THE_CRIME_PREVENTION_APPROACHES_IN_MANDALUYONG_CITY
- Aydinan, J. (2021). Determinant Mapping on the Knowledge of Barangay Police Safety Officers on Their Duties and Responsibilities in San Roque, San Isidro, Nueva Ecija: A Basis for Re-Engineering Action Programs through Suca Intervention. Open Access Library Journal, 8(10). https://doi.org/10.4236/oalib.1107939
- Baccay, O. (2020). PNP records 70% crime rate hike after ECQ. The Valley Journal. https://valleyjournal.org/cagayan/2020/09/14/pnp-records-70-crime-rate-hike-after-ecq
- Bailey, Phoebe & Slessor, Gillian & Rieger, Matthias & Rendell, Peter & Moustafa, Ahmed & Ruffman, Ted. (2015). Trust and Trustworthiness in Young and Older Adults. Psychology and aging, 30. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0039736
- Banderlipe, M., Butawan, A., Dizon, A. K., & Rosario, J. B. (2014). A Collaborative Engagement towards Bridging the Gaps on Sustainable Development Initiatives of Barangay 718, Zone 78, City of Manila. https://www.academia.edu/download/34635119/Collaborative_Engagement_Towards_Sustainable_Development.pdf
- Bienes, M.J., Olipares, E., Suganob, K., Montipolca, J., Alvarico, A., and Cuevas, J. (2022). Level of Effectiveness of the Barangay Peacekeeping Action Team in Relation to Public Safety and the Implementation of Curfew Hours as Perceived by 50th Barangay Residents. Middle East Journal of Applied Science & Technology, 5(2), 161-177. http://doi.org/10.46431/MEJAST.2022.5217
- Boysillo, S.L. (2017). Governance Of the Barangay Chairpersons in The Municipality Of Ubay Bohol. International Journal of Business and Management Studies, 9(2). https://dergipark.org.tr/tr/download/article-file/440187
- British Council (2023). Philippines unveils new basic education curriculum. British Council. https://opportunities-insight.britishcouncil.org/news/news/philippines-unveils-new-basic-curriculum
- Casilao, J. L. (2023). Theft, rape, and physical injury were the most prevalent crimes recorded from July 2022 to January 2023. GMA Integrated News. https://www.gmanetwork.com/news/topstories/nation/856765/pnp-theft-rape-physical-injury-most-prevalent-crimes-in-last-6-months/story/
- Cruz, R., Frontuna, E. J., and Tus, J. (2021). The Challenges and Lived Experiences of the Barangay Tanods: A Phenomenological Qualitative Study in the Philippines During COVID-19 Pandemic. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas in Education, 7(1), 1231-1250. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.14033348.v1
- De Asis, J., Malibong, J., Alquiza, C.M., and Tagulao, R.M. (2020). Effectiveness of Barangay Tanods on the Maintenance of Peace & Order in the Municipality of Bayambang. Southeast Asian Journal of Science and Technology, 5(1). https://www.sajst.org/online/index.php/sajst/article/download/245/184
- Delos Santos, A. (2019). House Bill No. 5438. 18th Congress of the Philippines. https://issuances-library.senate.gov.ph/bills/house-bill-no-5438-18th-congress-republic
- Estrada, J. (2010). An Act Granting Hazard Pay to All Duly-Appointed Barangay Tanod Brigades During Their Incumbency, Appropriating Funds Therefor. http://legacy.senate.gov.ph/lisdata/80486520!.pdf
- Executive Order No. 546 (2006). Directing The Philippine National Police to Undertake Active Support to The Armed Forces of The Philippines in Internal Security Operations for The Suppression Of Insurgency And Other Serious Threats To National Security, Amending Certain Provisions Of Executive Order No. 110 Series Of 1999 And For Other Purposes. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2006/07/14/executive-order-no-546-s-2006/
- Flores, R. (2019). Assessment of Selected Barangays in Makati City Towards Improved Barangay Governance. Proceedings 2019 IAPA Annual Conference. https://doi.org/10.30589/proceedings.2019.282
- Galabin, N., Pallega, R., & Recapente, M. (2021). Philippine National Police Initiatives in the Promotion of Peace and Order in Iligan City: Basis for Policy Recommendation. International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research, 2(9). https://ijmaberjournal.org/index.php/ijmaber/article/view/182
- Granada, A. (2021). A guide to the education system in the Philippines. KabayanRemit. https://kabayanremit.com/blog/lifestyle/education-system-philippines/
- Guererro, B. (2013). Philippine criminal justice system with katarungang pambarangay. Philippines: Katha Publishing Co. https://licbansalan.umindanao.edu.ph/cgi-bin/koha/opac-detail.pl?biblionumber=3360&shelfbrowse_itemnumber=5925
- Guidelines on Professionalizing the Barangay Tanod, Memorandum Circular No. 2003-42 (2003). https://www.dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/issuances/memo_circulars/MC2003-042.pdf
- Guzman, M. (2014). One for All?: Philippine Police Officers' Perceptions of Civilian Review. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies and Management, 27(3), 358-379. https://www.ojp.gov/ncjrs/virtual-library/abstracts/one-all-philippine-police-officers-perceptions-civilian-review
- Habiatan, E. (2019). The Barangay Peace and Order Council of Cabagan, Isabela. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 8(20). https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Oct2019/G-2749.pdf
- International Labour Organization (2022). The Gender Gap in Employment: What’s Holding Women Back? International Labour Organization. https://www.ilo.org/infostories/en-GB/Stories/Employment/barriers-women
- Kelekar, U. & Llanto, G. (2013). Perspectives on Health Decentralization and Interjurisdictional Competition among Local Governments in the Philippines. http://dirp3.pids.gov.ph/ris/dps/pidsdps1320.pdf
- Lacanilao, O. (2021). Empowerment on the Capability of the Barangay Tanods of Maria Theresa, Cabanatuan City. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 7(12), 129-133. https://doi.org/10.36713/epra9128.
- Laru-an, N. and Penny, L. (2015). International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Development, 2(3), 37-39. https://www.allsubjectjournal.com/archives/2015/vol2/issue3/145.2
- Local Government Code of 1991, R.A. 7160, Sec. 384, 1991. https://dilg.gov.ph/PDF_File/reports_resources/dilg-reports-resources-2016120_5e0bb28e41.pdf
- Martinez, J.M, (2013). Towards a Participatory Crime Prevention: Awareness of Community on Crime Mapping and Hotspots, Tanguyob journal vol 1, 2013. https://www.academia.edu/34737611/Towards_a_Participatory_Crime_Prevention_Awareness_of_Community_on_Crime_Mapping_and_Hotspots
- Marzbali, M.H., Abdullah,A., Razak, N.A., & Tilaki, M.J.M. (2011, February).A review of the effectiveness of crime prevention by design approaches towards sustainable development. Journal of SustainableDevelopment, 4 (1), 160-172. https://www.ccsenet.org/journal/index.php/jsd/article/view/8054
- Medina, N. A. (2015). The Culture of Patriarchy and Its Effects on the Human Rights of Girl-Children in Cagayan De Oro and Claveria, Misamis Oriental: Implications to Policy Formulation. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://pidswebs.pids.gov.ph/CDN/PUBLICATIONS/pidsdps1544_rev.pdf
- Mondal, P. (2018). Community: Definitions, Bases, and Changing Concept of Community. The Police Journal: Theory, Practices and Principles, 86(2).
- Musamba, J., Thill, M., & Njangala, R. (2018). The police uniform: A source of pride, misery and revenue. Knowledge Platform. https://www.kpsrl.org/blog/the-police-uniform-a-source-of-pride-misery-and-revenue
- National barangay Operations Office (2020). Resource Material on Barangay Tanod Skills Enhancement. http://region12.dilg.gov.ph/sites/default/files/reportsresources/knowledge-materials/3413-barangay-tanod-skills-enhancement-guidebook.pdf
- NYC Small Businesses (2015). 10 Advantages of Retaining and Hiring Older Workers. AGE Smart Employer. https://www.publichealth.columbia.edu/file/7352/download?token=3OeQJMtH
- Pajarillo-Guadamor, M. (). Qualifications and Preparedness of Police Officers in Sustaining Peace and Order: It’s Implication on Quality Service. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences. https://www.scirp.org/(S(351jmbntv-nsjt1aadkposzje))/reference/referencespapers.aspx?referenceid=3086833
- Panelo, R. (2013). Barangay Tanods. LGUpdates. https://lgupdates.weebly.com/blogs/barangay-tanods
- Patalinghug, M. (2020). Implemented Crime Prevention Strategies of PNP in the Philippines. Journal contribution. https://doi.org/10.6084/m9.figshare.12187083.v1
- Quilang, J. (2022). Crimes Committed in The Province of Isabela. The Journal Of Philosophy, Policy-Making And Criminal Justice Education, 2(1). http://jppcje.isujournals.ph/index.php/jjpcje/article/view/7
- Saligan, M., Baldesanso, M., Maniabo, G., Canini, N., and Jomuad, P. (2018). Community Satisfaction on Barangay Peacemaking Action Team (BPAT) Performance in Ozamiz City, Philippines. Journal of Multidisciplinary Studies, 7(2), 199-221. http://dx.doi.org/10.7828/jmds.v7i2.1230
- Statistics Canada (2021). Educational Attainment of Person. Statistics Canada. https://www23.statcan.gc.ca/imdb/p3Var.pl?Function=DEC&Id=85134
- Sumad-On, D. (2020). Effectiveness of Barangay Tanod In Crime Prevention in Central Region of Angadanan, Isabela. Journal of Critical Review, 7(11). http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.44
- Taccad, J. M., Mendoza, H. G., Ocampo, J. N., Flores, J. M. (2016). Effectiveness of Patrol Methods in Crime Prevention at San Clemente, Tarlac. United School of Scienceand Technology Colleges, Inc. Tarlac. https://www.academia.edu/28286925/Effectiveness_of_Patrol_Methods_in_Crime_Prevention
- Tengpongsthorn, W. (2016). Factors affecting the effectiveness of police performance in the Metropolitan police bureau. Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 38(1): 39-44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.kjss.2016.07.001
- Union of International Association A. (2019). Crime. The encyclopedia of world problems and human potential. http://encyclopedia.uia.org/en/problem/crime
- Viray, M. and Wekke, I.S. (2021). Effective Operations and Advantages of Barangay Officials In The Philippines: The Case of Bayugan City, Agusan Del Sur. Journal of Southeast Asia Studies, 2(3), 161-171. https://jiran.unaim-wamena.ac.id/index.php/jiran/article/view/1
- Vicente, J., Ammiyao, G., Arud, P. M., Asiaben, C., Balunos, N., Bangsara, U., Cacap, A., De Vera, J., Dela Austria, E. J., Dogui-is, C., Fianitog, J., Jagmis, M., Lagan, W., Leocadio, M., Liwayan, F., Mallari, V., Nayosan, V., Pagulayan, M. L., Refuerzo, R., & Rufino, C. (2020). Community Crime prevention: The Case of Barangay in the Northern Philippines. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 9(6), 98-126. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/June2020/G-2815.pdf
- Vicente, J. (2019). Preventing And Countering Violent Extremism Programs Of A Highly Urbanized City Police In The Philippines: An Assessment. International Journal of Advanced Research in Management and Social Sciences, 8(10), 57-112. https://garph.co.uk/IJARMSS/Oct2019/G-2750.pdf
- Winters, J. (2018). Do higher levels of education and skills in an area benefit wider society? IZA World of Labor, 130. https://doi.org/10.15185/izawol.130.v2