HomeJournal of Interdisciplinary Perspectivesvol. 3 no. 9 (2025)

Unveiling the Hidden Struggles and Repressive Coping among Counselors-in-Training

Enrico Denzo | Shanelyn Rose A. Ganibe | Kayne Jan Lenn G. Anape | Kairelle D. Quicio | Darwin F. Ignacio

Discipline: psychology (non-specific)

 

Abstract:

The path of counselors-in-training (CITs) toward professional development is marked by struggles that often go unnoticed, prompting them to develop strategies to navigate the journey. This qualitativephenomenological study aimed to explore the hidden struggles and repressive coping mechanisms among CITs. Through purposive sampling, the researchers conducted face-to-face, semi-structured interviews with ten (10) CITs in SOCCSKSARGEN, specifically at General Santos City, Polomolok, and Koronoda City. Using Braun and Clarke’s (2006) thematic analysis, the results revealed that CITs struggled with role overload, occupational burnout, managing exceptional cases, attending to reluctant clients, multicultural challenges, identifying the appropriate counseling approach, working with many clients, and emotional residue. The study's findings also showed that CITs employed repressive coping strategies, including emotional regulation, immersing oneself, strategic coping, and diverting oneself through leisure activities. Recognizing these hidden struggles is crucial for CITs, as it cultivates awareness of the vulnerabilities in the mental health field. Thus, this study underscores the importance of equipping CITs with effective coping strategies to address these challenges, ensuring their well-being is safeguarded as they continue to guide others.



References:

  1. Alase, A. O. (2017). The interpretative phenomenological analysis (IPA): A guide to a good qualitative research approach. International Journal of Education and Literacy Studies, 5(2), 9. https://doi.org/10.7575/aiac.ijels.v.5n.2p.9
  2. Alhazmi, A. A., & Kaufmann, A. (2022). Phenomenological qualitative methods applied to the analysis of cross-cultural experience in novel educational social contexts. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.785134
  3. American Psychological Association. (2018). APA Dictionary of Psychology. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yc632f2s
  4. Aprilia, N., Ramadhin, N., Wulandari, T., & Asbi, A. (2024). Self-awareness and self-reflection on the counselor’s personal development. Journal of Psychology, Counseling and Education, 2(2), 154-161. https://tinyurl.com/bdexnp7b
  5. Ayadi, J. (2019). The effect of a training clinic on the self-efficacy of counselors in training (Master’s thesis). University of Arkansas. https://scholarworks.uark.edu/etd/3284
  6. Banker, J. E., & Goldenson, D. (2020). Mindfulness practices in supervision: Training counselors’ experiences. The Family Journal, 29(1), 17–23. https://doi.org/10.1177/1066480720954204
  7. Bardhoshi, G., & Um, B. (2021). The effects of job demands and resources on school counselor burnout: Self‐efficacy as a mediator. Journal of Counseling & Development, 99(3), 289–301. https://doi.org/10.1002/jcad.12375
  8. Becker, S. (2021). Role overload: Examining the definition and measurement of a common work stressor. CORE Scholar. https://tinyurl.com/ms563f6d
  9. Boemo, T., Nieto, I., Vázquez, C., & Sánchez-López, A. (2022). Relations between emotion regulation strategies and affect in daily life: A systematic review and meta-analysis of studies using ecological momentary assessments. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 139, 104747. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104747
  10. Bos, J. (2020). Confidentiality. In Springer eBooks (pp. 149–173). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-48415-6_7
  11. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative Research in Psychology, 3(2), 77–101. https://doi.org/10.1191/1478088706qp063oa
  12. Cervantes, A., Aclan, E., Marticio, F. P., & Gumarao, M. (2019). Lived experiences of guidance facilitators who take the role of guidance counselors in the Philippines. Journal of Education, Psychology and the Humanities, 2, 26–40. https://doi.org/10.35974/isc.v6i1.1165
  13. Chin, C. T. (2021). A conceptual paper on counselor care: A proposed counseling program among practitioners. DLSU Research Congress 2021. https://tinyurl.com/4h9kszda
  14. Coifman, K. G., Bonanno, G. A., Ray, R. D., & Gross, J. J. (2007). Does repressive coping promote resilience? Affective-autonomic response discrepancy during bereavement. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 92(4), 745–758. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.92.4.745
  15. Cook, R. M., Fye, H. J., Jones, J., & Baltrinic, E. R. (2021). Self-reported symptoms of burnout in novice professional counselors: A content analysis. The Professional Counselor, 11(1), 31–45. https://doi.org/10.15241/rmc.11.1.31
  16. Creswell, J. W. (2008). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
  17. Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications, Incorporated.
  18. Da Silva, D. R., & Mwangi, G. (2024). Therapists’ lived experience of empathic fatigue and professional identity. Journal of Assessment and Research in Applied Counseling, 6(1), 234–242. https://doi.org/10.61838/kman.jarac.6.1.26
  19. Dovetail Editorial Team. (2023). What is phenomenology in qualitative research? Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mwym78ze
  20. Exner, A., Kampa, M., Finke, J. B., Stalder, T., Klapperich, H., Hassenzahl, M., Kleinke, K., & Klucken, T. (2023). Repressive and vigilant coping styles in stress and relaxation: Evidence for physiological and subjective differences at baseline, but not for differential stress or relaxation responses. Frontiers in Psychology, 14. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2023.1196481
  21. Hartson, R. H., & Pyla, P. P. (2012). The UX book. Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/c2010-0-66326-7
  22. Ignacio, D., & Tudy, I. (2020). Fears, motivation, and strategies of guidance counselors in handling clients with suicidal tendencies. Slongan, 5(1). https://tinyurl.com/mupjvjfr
  23. Johnson, M. (2021). Challenges clinicians face when treating clients with bipolar disorder – ProQuest. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/37vjpt5v
  24. Labra, O., Castro, C., Wright, R., & Chamblas, I. (2019). Thematic analysis in social work: A case study. In B. Raju Nikku (Ed.), Global Social Work—Cutting Edge Issues and Critical Reflections. IntechOpen. https://doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89464
  25. Langens, T. A., & Mörth, S. (2003). Repressive coping and the use of passive and active coping strategies. Personality and Individual Differences, 35(2), 461–474. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/S0191-8869(02)00207-6
  26. Mauldin, R. L. (2020, January 15). 9.2 Qualitative interviews. Pressbooks. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/5n73vpf9
  27. Obilor, E. I. (2023). Convenience and purposive sampling techniques: Are they the same? International Journal of Innovative Social & Science Education Research, 11(1), 1–7. https://tinyurl.com/y7c5ncps
  28. Plante, T. G., & Schwartz, G. E. (1990). Defensive and repressive coping styles: Self-presentation, leisure activities, and assessment. Journal of Research in Personality, 24(2), 173–190. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1016/0092-6566(90)90015-X
  29. Prasertsri, N., Holden, J. E., Keefe, F. J., & Wilkie, D. J. (2011). Repressive coping style: Relationships with depression, pain, and pain coping strategies in lung cancer outpatients. Lung Cancer, 71(2), 235–240. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lungcan.2010.05.009
  30. Republic Act No. 9258. (2004). An Act professionalizing the practice of guidance and counseling and creating for this purpose a professional regulatory board of guidance and counseling, appropriating funds therefor and for other purposes. Official Gazette of the Republic of the Philippines. Retrieved from https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2004/03/02/republic-act-no-9258/
  31. Richards, K. C., Campenni, C. E., & Muse-Burke, J. L. (2010). Self-care and well-being in mental health professionals: The mediating effects of self-awareness and mindfulness. Journal of Mental Health Counseling, 32(3), 247–264. https://doi.org/10.17744/mehc.32.3.0n31v88304423806
  32. Roxas, M. M., David, A. P., & Aruta, J. J. B. R. (2019). Compassion, forgiveness and subjective well-being among Filipino counseling professionals. International Journal for the Advancement of Counselling, 41, 272–283. https://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1007/s10447-019-09374-w
  33. Scholes, B., & Martin, C. R. (2010). Could repressive coping be a mediating factor in the symptom profile of individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia? Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 17(5), 403–410. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2850.2009.01537.x
  34. Sharma, G., Yukhymenko‐Lescroart, M. A., & Bernal-Arevalo, K. (2023). Counseling students’ experiences and interpretations of purpose development. Heliyon, 9(3), e13760. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13760
  35. Sharma, G., Yukhymenko-Lescroart, M. A., & Scarton, C. (2021). Purpose and career development: Implications for career counseling and counselor education. International Journal for Educational and Vocational Guidance, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10775-021-09517-9
  36. Shoman, Y., May, E. E., Marca, S., Wild, P., Bianchi, R., Bugge, M., Caglayan, C., Cheptea, D., Gnesi, M., Godderis, L., Kiran, S., McElvenny, D., Mediouni, Z., Mehlum, I., Mijakoski, D., Minov, J., Van Der Molen, H., Nena, E., Otelea, M., & Canu, I. G. (2021). Predictors of occupational burnout: A systematic review. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(17), 9188. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179188
  37. Silvers, J. A. (2021). Adolescence as a pivotal period for emotion regulation development. Current Opinion in Psychology, 44, 258–263. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.copsyc.2021.09.023
  38. Sinha, M. (2021, October 25). Coping styles, body perception and stress. The University of Manchester Library. https://www.escholar.manchester.ac.uk/ukacman-scw:330655
  39. Tan, K. A., Villanueva, C., Zhu, X. A., Esguerra, B. J., Agbayani, R. A., & Torralba, M. G. (2024). Examining the lived experiences of guidance counselors’ self-care practices. FEU Journal of Graduate Students’ Research, 1(1), 94. https://tinyurl.com/yu5fmjvf
  40. Tanhan, A. (2018). Beginning counselors’ supervision in counseling and challenges and supports they experience: Based on developmental models. Adıyaman University Journal of Educational Sciences, 8(1), 49–71. https://doi.org/10.17984/adyuebd.336222
  41. Tidy, C. (2023). Occupational burnout. Patient. https://tinyurl.com/988r3e5h
  42. Villegas, F. (2022, July 28). Thematic analysis: What it is and how to do it. QuestionPro. https://tinyurl.com/bdeub4k2
  43. Weber, R., Ehrenthal, J. C., Brock-Midding, E., Halbach, S., Würstlein, R., Kowalski, C., & Ernstmann, N. (2021). Defense mechanisms and repressive coping among male breast cancer patients. Frontiers in Psychiatry, 12. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2021.718076
  44. Wikirefu, N. (2024). Understanding role overload: Key insights and solutions. Human Capital Hub. https://tinyurl.com/4956tn5d
  45. Yaman, N. (2021). Working with resistance in therapy: A theoretical evaluation. IBAD Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi, 9, 481–495. https://doi.org/10.21733/ibad.835243