Modern “Dalagang Filipina”: Preservation of Christian Moral Values in Having Romantic Relationships
Jelyn O. Magonalig | Jeric Anthony S. Arnado
Discipline: social sciences (non-specific)
Abstract:
Humans as emotional beings engage in romantic relationships to love and be loved. With
modernization, many young people have shifted in the process of entering romantic relationships and have
shown a decline in morality. This phenomenological qualitative research explored the practices and
experiences of ten (10) female college students in their preservation of Christian moral values in having
romantic relationships. Results showed the modern practices include: utilization of online communication,
active engagement in social activities, explicit expression of love, confrontation of issues and concerns, and
maintenance of a trusting and understanding relationship. Further, four themes emerged from their
experiences in preserving Christian moral values: firm belief in the preservation of chastity, engagement in
church activities, practice of self-discipline and consistency, conflicting moral values, and social pressures.
Finally, collaboration between home and school, as well as activities on spiritual and moral values
formation, were suggested as interventions to preserve Christian moral values among youth. The study
revealed that despite the influence of modern practices and activities, there are still young individuals who
maintain their moral values as Christians in this modern world.
References:
- Andrade, A. (2016, August 16). True love waits: School bans romance between students. https://tinyurl.com/muv9vedt
- Arikewuyo, A., Ozad, B., & Lasisi, T. T. (2019). Erotic use of social media pornography in gratifying romantic relationship desires. The Spanish Journal of Psychology, 22. https://doi.org./10.1017/sjp.2019.60
- Atienza, P.M.L. (2018). Censoring the sexual self: reflections from an ethnographic study of gay Filipinos on mobile dating apps in Manila. The Asia Pacific Journal of Anthropology, 19(3), 231–244. https://doi.org./10.1080/14442213.2018.1454503
- Barna (2016, August 26). Top 10 findings on teens and the Bible. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yc5urnxn
- Bland, A. M., & McQueen, K. S. (2018). The distribution of Chapman’s love languages in couples: An exploratory cluster analysis. Couple and Family Psychology: Research and Practice, 7(2), 103–126. https://doi.org/10.1037/cfp0000102
- Beichen, L., & Murshed, F. (2015). Culture, expressions of romantic love, and gift-giving. Journal of International Business Management, 14(1), 68–85.
- Bernts, T. & Berghuij, J. (2016). God in Nederland 1966–2015. Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam. Retrieved from https://vu.nl/en/research/god-in-the-netherlands-1966-2015
- Bloom, Z. D. & Taylor, D. D. (2020). The online dating intensity scale: exploratory factor analysis in a sample of emerging Adults, Measurement and Evaluation in Counseling and Development, 53(1), 1–16.https://doi.org/10.1080/07481756.2019.1640614
- Cherry, K. (2019, December 1). How social learning theory works. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3jzy557m
- Coletto, M., Aiello, L., Lucchese, C., & Silvestri, F. (2016). On the behavior of deviant communities in online social networks. Proceedings of the International AAAI Conference on Web and Social Media, 10(1), 72–81. https://doi.org/10.1609/icwsm.v10i1.14726
- Colina IV, A. (2018, July 9). The rise in teenage pregnancy in the Davao region is blamed on a lack of discussion on sexuality. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yzwm9ubn
- Cordero, Jr. (2018). Understanding the broader horizon of sexual encounter: A case study on sexual engagement among Filipino teens. Asia-Pacific Social Science Review, 18(1), 46–61. https://doi.org/10.59588/2350-8329.1147
- Costa, A. L., Sophia, E.C., Sanches, C., Tavares, H., & Zilberman, M.L. (2015). Pathological jealousy: Romantic relationship characteristics, emotional and personality aspects, and social adjustment. Journal of Affective Disorders, 174, 38–44. https://doi.org./10.1016/j.jad.2014.11.017
- Creswell, J.W. & Creswell, J.D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches. Sage, Los Angeles.
- DasGupta, B. (2017). Effect of pornography on sexual beliefs and behaviors. North American Journal of Psychology, 19(2), 371–385. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2017-24005-007
- Davidson, E. & Carlin, E. (2019). ‘Stealing’ young people: Resilience and youth policy in Scotland. Social Policy and Society, 18(3), 479–489. https://doi.org/10.1017/S1474746419000095
- Dev, K. (2017). Youth and moral values in a changing society. International Journal of Advanced Research and Development, 2(4), 164–167. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3nzy8t7b
- Donahue, M. J. & Benson, P.L. (1995). Religion and the Well-being of Adolescents. Journal of Social Issues, 51(2), 145–160. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-4560.1995.tb01328.x
- Doyle, S. (2016, March 15). Why does God forbids premarital sex? Retrieved from https://creation.com/premarital-sex
- Duggan, M., Ellison, N.B., Lampe, C., Lenhart, A., & Madden, M. (2015, January 9). Social media update 2014. Retrieved from https://www.pewresearch.org/internet/2015/01/09/social-media-update-2014/
- Dulay, D. (2018, February 6). Generation swipe: How dating apps can ruin lives. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3uxcufxn
- Espinosa-Hernandez, G., & Vaselinko, S. A. (2015). Patterns of relationship and sexual behaviors in Mexican adolescents and associations with well-being: a latent class approach. Journal of Adolescence, 44, 280–290. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.adolescence.2015.08.011
- Farnsley, M. (2021). The five love languages and relationship satisfaction. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2022/26418
- Faruq O., Al-Reza, A., Rahman, M., & Alam, M.R. (2017). Impact of social networking sites in Bangladesh: Few possible solutions. International Journal of Intelligent Systems and Applications, 9, 53–60. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijisa.2017.04.06
- Fleming, J., & Zegwaard, K. E. (2018). Methodologies, methods, and ethical considerations for conducting research in work-integrated learning. International Journal of Work-Integrated Learning, 19(3), 205-213. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1196755.pdf
- George, I. N., & Uyanga, U. D. (2014). Youth and moral values in a changing society. IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 19 (6), 40-44. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ma54kzpz
- Gibbons, T. (2016). Christianity as public religion in the post-secular 21st century. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Communication. https://doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190228613.013.115
- Giorgi, A., Giorgi, B., & Morley, J. (2017). The Descriptive phenomenological psychological method. The SAGE Handbook of Qualitative Research in Psychology, 2(11), 176–192. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781526405555.n11
- Glassman, J. R., Potter, S.C., Baumler, E.R., & Coyle, K.K. (2015). Estimates of intra-class correlation coefficients from longitudinal group-randomized trials of adolescent HIV/STI/pregnancy prevention programs. Health Education and Behavior, 42(4), 545–553. https://doi.org/10.1177/1090198114568308
- Gonzales, G. (2018, January 11). Filipinos top Pornhub’s ‘most time spent’ list again. Retrieved from https://www.rappler.com/technology/news/193386- pornhub-ph-most-time-spent-2017
- González-Ortega, E., Vicario-Molina, I., Martinez-Alvarez, J.L., & Orgaz, B.M. (2015). The Internet as a source of sexual information in a sample of Spanish adolescents: Associations with sexual behavior. Sexuality Research and Social Policy, 12(4), 290–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13178-015-0196-7
- Gozum, I. E. A. (2020). The Filipino family in the formation of values in the light of John Paul II’s Familiaris Consortio. Philosophia International Journal of Philosophy, 21. https://doi.org/10.46992/pijp.21.si.a.18
- Grant, J. (2015). Divine sex: A compelling vision for christian relationships in a hypersexualized age. Brazos Press.
- Hildebrandt, L. (2015). Media and self-representative perceptions: Deception in online dating. Retrieved from http://digitalcommons.pace.edu/honorscollege_theses/149
- Holdeman, R. (2019, February 28). Why I “youth group”. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yuvpd574
- Holstein, W.K. & McLeod, T. (2015). Research and development. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/ywsdypn4
- Ilas, J. (2017, June 27). DOH: More millennials diagnosed with HIV. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3pfwm88k
- Iqbal, M. (2020, February 25). Tinder revenue and usage statistics (2020). Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mp6zwkc6
- Jimenez, J. J. (2017). Leisure activities and hobbies preferred by third-year college students. Asia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 5(2), 21–5.
- Jung, W. (2020). Divine command, natural law, and redemption in Calvin’s thought. Theology Today, 77(3), 323–334. https://doi.org/10.1177%2F0040573620947058
- Karandashev, V. (2015). A Cultural perspective on romantic love. Online Readings in Psychology and Culture, 5(4). https://doi.org/10.9707/2307-0919.1135
- Karandashev, V. (2017). Love in modern America and Europe. In Romantic Love in Cultural Contexts (pp. 165–173). Springer, Cham.
- Kemp, S. (2019). Digital 2019: The Philippines. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/msvt74a4
- Labor, J. (2020). Mobile sexuality: Presentations of young Filipinos in dating apps. Plaridel, 17(1), 261-292. https://doi.org/10.52518/2020.17.1-09labor
- Lenhart, A. (2015, April 9). Teens, social media, and technology overview. Smartphones facilitate shifts in communication landscape for teens. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mv3tvwvw
- Mahusay, L. A. & Romero, A. (2015, February 14). The evolution of Pinoy courtship. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3mbbc5yr
- McClure, P. K. (2016). Faith and Facebook in a pluralistic age: The effects of social networking sites on the religious beliefs of emerging adults. Sociological Perspectives, 59(4), 818–834. https://doi.org/10.1177/0731121416647361
- Montemayor, R. (2019). Sexuality in adolescence and emerging adulthood. Child and Family Behavior Therapy, 42(1), 65–71. https://doi.org/10.1080/00168890.2019.1690098
- Morgan, J. H. (2014). The Interpersonal psychotherapy of Harry Stack Sullivan: Remembering the legacy. Journal of Psychology and Psychotherapy, 4, 162. https://doi.org/10.4172/2161-0487.1000162
- Morrow, R., Rodriguez, A., & King, N. (2015). Colaizzi’s descriptive phenomenological method. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3tf9m6w2
- Moscrip, A. N. (2019). Generation Z's positive and negative attributes and the impact on empathy after a community-based learning experience. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/3y6877ea
- Murray, C. E. & Campbell, E. C. (2015). The pleasures and perils of technology in intimate relationships. Journal of Couple & Relationship Therapy, 14(2), 116–140. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332691.2014.953651
- Nowell, L.S., Norris, J.M., White, D.E., & Moules, N.J. (2017). Thematic analysis: striving to meet the trustworthiness criteria. The International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406917733847
- Nurhasanah, N., & Nida, Q. (2016). Character building of students by guidance and counseling teachers through guidance and counseling services. Jurnal Ilmiah Peuradeun, 4(1), 65-76. https://doi.org/10.26811/peuradeun.v4i1.86
- Pollack, D. (2015). Varieties of secularization theories and their indispensable core. The Germanic Review: Literature, Culture, Theory, 90(1), 60-79. https://doi.org/10.1080/00168890.2015.1002361
- Pollak, A. (2016). Information seeking and use in the context of minimalist lifestyles. Journal of Documentation, 72 (6), 1228-1250. https://doi.org/10.1108/JD-03-2016-0035
- Schmidt, S. C., Wandersman, A., & Hills, K. J. (2015). Evidence-based sexuality education programs in schools: do they align with the National Sexuality Education standards? American Journal of Sexuality Education, 10, 177–195. https://doi.org/10.1080/15546128.2015.1025937
- Seemiller, C., & Grace, M. (2016). Generation Z goes to college. San Francisco: Jossey-Bass.
- Smith, A. A. (2015). U.S. public becoming less religious. Washington, DC: PEW Research Center.
- Tewatia, N., & Kumar, P. (2019). Causes, effects, and management of relationship issues in university students. ZENITH International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 9(6), 157–167.
- Turner, A. (2015). Generation Z: Technology and social interest. The Journal of Individual Psychology 71(2), 103–113. https://doi.org/10.1353/jip.2015.0021
- Twenge, J. M. (2017). iGen : Why today’s super-connected kids are growing up less rebellious, more tolerant, less happy, and completely unprepared for adulthood and what that means for the rest of us. Family and Consumer Sciences Research Journal, 48(8). https://doi.org/10.1111/fcsr.12345
- Tziallas E. (2015). Gamified eroticism: Gay male ‘‘social networking’’ applications and self-pornography. Sexuality & Culture, 19, 759–775. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12119-015-9288-z
- Ulavere, P. & Veisson, M. (2015). Values and values education in Estonian preschool child care institutions. Journal of Teacher Education for Sustainability, 17 (2), 108–124. https://doi.org/10.1515/jtes-2015-0014
- UNFPA (2016). Sexual and reproductive health of unmarried young people in Asia and the Pacific: review of knowledge, behaviors, and outcomes. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/mvjsk7ct
- UNFPA (2018). Report on the regional forum on adolescent pregnancy, child marriage, and early union in Southeast Asia and Mongolia. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/293ezfpy
- UNWPP (2019). United Nations world population prospects. United Nations Department of Economic and Social Affairs Population Division. Retrieved from https://population.un.org/wpp
- Ushatikova, I. I., Nesova, N., Demidova, E.E., Kopylova, O.Y., & Novikov, A.V. (2018). Christian values are part of the spiritual and moral upbringing of students. European Journal of Science and Theology, 14(5), 1841-0464. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/395sr9jd
- Utz, S., Muscanell, N., & Khalid, C. (2015). Snapchat elicits more jealousy than Facebook: A comparison of Snapchat and Facebook use. Cyberpsychology, Behavior, and Social Networking, 18, 141–46. https://doi.org/10.1089/cyber.2014.0479
- Villegas, B. (2016). Addressing the problem of teenage pregnancies. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/yb4azwxz
- Vogels, E. (2020). 10 facts about Americans and online dating. Retrieved from https://tinyurl.com/bdfvwrwp
- Young, P. D., & Shipley, H. (2015). Belief, not religion: Youth negotiations of religious identity in Canada. Handbook of Child and Youth Studies, 861–873. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-4451-15-4_42
Full Text:
Note: Kindly Login or Register to gain access to this article.
ISSN 2984-8385 (Online)
ISSN 2984-8288 (Print)