Home⇛International Journal of Multidisciplinary: Applied Business and Education Research⇛vol. 6 no. 10 (2025)

Analysis of Internal Migration in Brooke’s Point, Palawan: Implications for Policy Formulation (2025)

Marcus Miguel A. Bruno

Discipline: business laws

 

Abstract:

This study examined the internal migration dynamics in Brooke’s Point, Palawan, with particular emphasis on the socio-economic de-mographic profile of in-migrants, the key aspects influencing migra-tion, and its economic, social, and environmental implications for local development. Employing a descriptive-empirical survey de-sign, data were gathered from 381 respondents across eight baran-gays with significant migrant populations. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, including Pear-son’s r and Chi-square tests, to determine relationships between so-cio-economic variables and migration patterns. Findings reveal that internal migration in Brooke’s Point is primarily economically driven, dominated by working-age, married, and male individuals seeking better livelihood opportunities. The municipality’s role as a regional agro-industrial hub has made it a major destination for mi-grants from Luzon and the Visayas. Most migrants are semi-skilled and engaged in informal or self-employed work, reflecting both the opportunities and vulnerabilities of migration. The study affirms E. Lee’s Push-Pull Theory, with lack of jobs as the strongest push fac-tor and employment availability as the main pull factor, while De Haas’ Migration Transition Theory explains the shift from survival-driven to opportunity-driven migration. Migration has generated largely positive effects stimulating business growth, expanding markets, and fostering cultural diversity. However, challenges per-sist, including underemployment, social integration gaps, and envi-ronmental strain from unregulated settlement expansion. To ad-dress these, the study recommends integrating the Balik Probinsya, Bagong Pag-asa (BP2) framework in local governance, strengthen-ing skills training and livelihood programs, promoting social cohe-sion, and enforcing sustainable land-use policies. Overall, internal migration in Brooke’s Point emerges as both a transformative and strategic force for inclusive and sustainable rural development.



References:

  1. Asis, M. M. B. (2006). The Philippines’ culture of migration. Migration Policy Institute. https://tinyurl.com/4xvysc3d
  2. Ballesteros, M. M. (2010). Linking poverty and the environment: Evidence from slums in Philippine cities. Philippine Institute for Development Studies. https://tinyurl.com/4pw7mhhj
  3. Borjas, G. J. (2003). The labor demand curve is downward sloping: Re-examining the impact of immigration on the labor market. Quarterly Journal of Economics, 118(4), 1335–1374. https://doi.org/10.1162/003355303322 552810
  4. Burgos, M., Del Rosario, R., & Fernandez, L. (2021). Sustainable rural migration strategies in Palawan. Philippine Journal of Rural Development, 45(2), 89–112.
  5. de Haas, H. (2020). Migration transitions revisited: Patterns and drivers. Comparative Migration Studies, 8(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020- 00200-4
  6. de Haas, H. (2021). A theory of migration: The aspirations–capabilities framework. Comparative Migration Studies, 9(1), 1–35. https://doi.org/10.1186/s40878-020- 00210-4
  7.  Fox, S., & Goodfellow, T. (2020). Cities and development in the 21st century: Urban change and governance in the Global South. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978042926422 5
  8. Lee, E. S. (1966). A theory of migration. Demography, 3(1), 47–57. https://doi.org/10.2307/2060063
  9. Levitt, P. (2001). The transnational villagers. University of California Press. Lomibao, L. S. (2023). Internal migration dynamics in the Philippines: A demographic MMA Bruno, 2025 / Analysis of Internal Migration in Brooke’s Point, Palawan: Implications for Policy Formulation (2025) IJMABER 5072 Volume 6 | Number 10 | October | 2025 and socio-economic analysis. Philippine Population Review, 18(1), 55–78.
  10. McLeman, R. (2014). Climate and human migration: Past experiences, future challenges. Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO978110747 7243
  11.  Philippine Statistics Authority. (2022). Highlights of the 2022 Survey on Overseas Filipinos. https://psa.gov.ph
  12. Putnam, R. D. (2007). E pluribus unum: Diversity and community in the twenty-first century. Scandinavian Political Studies, 30(2), 137–174. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467- 9477.2007.00176.x
  13. Reyes, M., & Santos, J. (2022). Public service delivery and internal migration in rural Luzon. Philippine Political Science Journal, 43(2), 223–245. https://doi.org/10.1080/01154451.2022 .2071812
  14. Samson, E., Reyes, A., & Ventura, M. (2022). Applying Lee’s Push–Pull Theory to rural–urban migration patterns in contemporary Philippines. Asian Migration Studies, 9(1), 45–67.
  15. Seto, K. C., Güneralp, B., & Hutyra, L. R. (2012). Global forecasts of urban expansion to 2030 and direct impacts on biodiversity and carbon pools. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, 109(40), 16083–16088. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.12116581 09
  16. Tacoli, C. (2019). Rural–urban migration and urban poverty: Transformations in the Global South. International Institute for Environment and Development (IIED). https://pubs.iied.org
  17.  Vertovec, S. (2020). Superdiversity: Migration and social complexity. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/978131515928 8

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic