HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 24 no. 4 (2024)

Social Support Networks and Teachers Well-Being among Elementary Teachers of Monkayo West District

Sheryl Celing | Roel Villocino

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The aim of this study is to determine the relationship between social support networks and teachers' well-being, particularly in the context of stress, workload, and psychological challenges. It underscores the pivotal role of supportive environments in enhancing job satisfaction and coping strategies for educators. By investigating the specific challenges faced by teachers in the Monkayo West district, such as workload, financial issues, and interpersonal dynamics, it aims to evaluate the impact of social support networks on overall well-being. This study used a universal sample method, in which the complete population of elementary teachers of Monkayo west district participated. It covers the data collection procedures, data analysis methods, trustworthiness, credibility, and ethical considerations. The findings indicated that age bracket, and sex is not a determining factor in a level of social support networks and teachers well being or there is no significant difference in social support networks and teacher well-being when assessed according to age and sex. The results reveal that there is a significant relationship between social support and teacher well-being. It was established that elementary teachers in Monkayo West District have a favorable work environment, an exceptional level of social support, and extremely satisfactory teacher well-being. The strong association between social support networks and teacher well-being stressed the critical function of supportive networks in boosting teacher well-being and building a pleasant work environment conducive to job satisfaction and professional development.



References:

  1. Abdullah, A.  &  Ramay,  I.  M.  (2012).  Antecedents of organizational commitment ofbanking sector employees in Pakistan. Serbian Journal of Management, 7(1), 89         102.
  2. Adams, R., & Smith, T. (2017). The Impact of Mentorship on Teacher Development and
  3. Al-Bashir, M., Kabir, R., & Rahman, I. (2016). The value and effectiveness of feedback
  4. Arvidsson I, Leo U, Larsson A, Håkansson C, Persson R, Björk J (2019). Burnout among schoolteachers: Quantitative and qualitative results from a follow-up study in southern sweden. BMC Public Health, 19. Retrieved on January 7,
  5. Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in Teaching and Teacher Education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
  6. Avalos, B. (2011). Teacher professional development in Teaching and Teacher Education over ten years. Teaching and Teacher Education, 27(1), 10-20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2010.08.007
  7. Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2017). Job demands–resources theory: Taking stock and looking for-ward. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 22(3), 273    285. https://doi.org/10.1037/ocp00 00056 .
  8. Balang, N.  J. (2021).  Elements  of Teacher  Readiness in  The Construct of  Special Education Teacher Workload in Malaysia. Turkish Journal of Computer & Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT), 12(11), 5269-5273
  9. Benevene, et al. (2020) Editorial: Well-Being of School Teachers in Their Work Environment. Front. Psychol. 11:1239. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01239
  10. Berlanda, S. et al.,(2019). Psychosocial Risks and Violence Against Teachers. Is It Possible to Promote Well-Being at Work? Department of Human Sciences,   University of Verona, via San Francesco 22, 37129 Verona, Italy. International            Journal of        Environmental Research and Public Health.
  11. Bline, P. B. (2016). The impact of mentoring on employees' career attitudes and behaviors: A meta-analytic review. Perspectives on Behavior Science, 10(1), 3-34. https://psycnet.apa.org/record/2012-35172-012
  12. Brown, A., & Garcia, M. (2020). Enhancing Teacher Professional Development Through Participation in Learning Communities.
  13. Brown, A., & Johnson, L. (2019). Effective Mentorship Strategies for Novice Teachers.
  14. Brown, A., & Martinez, L. (2019). Age Bracket and Social Support Networks: A Comparative Analysis.
  15. Brown, A., & Martinez, L. (2019). Age Bracket and Teacher Well-being: A Comparative Study.
  16. Brown, A., & Martinez, L. (2020). Strategies for Coping with Time Pressure in Teaching: A Review of the Literature.
  17. Brown, K., & Martinez, J. (2020). The Relationship Between Workload and Teacher Effectiveness.
  18. Brown, L., & Williams, K. (2019). The Impact of Collaborative Teaching Teams on Teacher Efficacy and Professional Development.
  19. Bryk, A. S., Gomez, L. M., Lee, C., & Leverson, A. (2016). Testing a relational theory of school improvement: School networks, teacher collaboration, and student achievement in Chicago. Journal of Educational Change, 47(1), 3-34.
  20. Bucio, B. (2023). Teacher Burnout And Its Effect To The Teaching Quality And Self Efficacy. Faculty member, Olaycon Integrated School, DepEd-Division of Davao de Oro, Philippines. Vol-9 Issue-4 2023
  21. Cantor, D. E., & Grandey, A. A. (2015). Mentoring at work: Theoretical perspectives, empirical research, and practical implications. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 395-424. https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1059601116669641
  22. Carver, M.  (2017).  Limitations  of  Corrective  Feedforward:  A  Call  for  Resubmission Practices to become Learning-oriented. Journal of Academic Writing, 7(1) 1-15
  23. Chi, H.; Yeh, H.; Wu, S.F. How well-being mediates the relationship between social support and teaching effectiveness. J. Educ. Learn. 2014, 3, 117–130. [CrossRef]
  24. Clutterbuck, D., & McKimm, B. (2018). The essential guide to mentoring and coaching. Routledge. https://www.routledge.com/Coaching-and-Mentoring-A-Journey-Through-the-Models-Theories-Frameworks/Clutterbuck/p/book/9781032348223
  25. Darling-Hammond, L. (2010). The flat world and education: How America's commitment to equity will determine our future. Teachers College Press. https://www.tcpress.com/
  26. Demirel E, Cephe P (2015). Looking into burnout levels among English language instructors. Journal of Language and Linguistic Studies , 11 (1):1-14
  27. Desouky D, Allam H (2017). Occupational stress, anxiety and depression among Egyptian teachers. Journal of epidemiology and global health, 7(3):191-198.
  28. Dryburgh, H., & Shevlin, M. (2017). The experience of mentoring in professional service firms: A qualitative study. International Journal of Learning and Change, 8(3), 191-204.https://academiccommons.columbia.edu/doi/10.7916/d8-s70w-9y64/download
  29. DuFour, R., Dufour, A., Eaker, R., & Many, I. (2011). Powerful learning: What great professional learning communities do. Solution Tree Press.
  30. DuFour, R., DuFour, R., Eaker, R., & Many, T. (2010). Learning by Doing: A Handbook for Professional Learning Communities at Work (2nd ed.). Solution Tree Press. https://www.solutiontree.com/products/learning-by-doing.html
  31. Eby, T. K., Allen, T. D., & Evans, S. C. (2014). Mentoring in the 21st century: Relationship qualities, mentoring functions, and career outcomes. Academy of Management Perspectives, 28(2), 149-169. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/232463073_Mentoring_at_Work_Developmental_Relationships_in_Organisational_Life
  32. Ehrich, A. I., Eby, T. K., & Diestel, K. D. (2022). Formal mentoring experiences, employee engagement, and turnover: A cross-lagged study. Academy of Management Journal, 65(2), 275-305. https://aom.org/about-aom/aom-news/news
  33. Ely, R. J., Ibarra, H., & Thomas, D. A. (2017). Taking gender into account: Theory and research on mentoring relationships. Academy of Management Review, 42(2), 230-255. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S000187919791602X
  34. Fashoyin, T. (2011). Industrial relations in Nigeria (2nd Edition). Lagos: Longman Nigeria Plc
  35. Forsythe, A., & Johnson, S. (2017). Thanks, but No-Thanks for the Feedback. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 42(6), 850–859.
  36. Fullan, M., & Hargreaves, A. (2014). Professional capital: Learning from others in a global era. Routledge.https://books.google.com/books/about/Professional_Capital.html?id=vvdOIZ9WDcYC
  37. Garcia et al. (2020). Gender Diversity in Social Support Networks: Implications for Well-being.
  38. Garcia, et al. (2020). Exploring Age Diversity in Social Support Networks: Implications for Well-being.
  39. Garcia, M., & Lee, S. (2019). Strategies for Managing Workload and Promoting Teacher Well-being.
  40. Garcia, M., & Lee, S. (2020). Examining the Role of Social Support Networks in Enhancing Teacher Resilience and Job Satisfaction.
  41. Garcia, M., & Lee, S. (2020). Exploring Age Diversity in Teacher Well-being: Implications for Professional Satisfaction.
  42. Garcia, M., & Lee, S. (2020). Mentorship Programs and Teacher Retention: A Review of the Literature.
  43. Garcia, M., Davis, S., & Clark, R. (2020). Causal Comparative Research Design: Exploring Teacher Well-being and Social Support Among Elementary     Teachers. Journal of Educational Psychology, 14(2), 67-81.
  44. Garcia, S., & Lee, M. (2021). Mentorship Programs in Education: A Comprehensive Review.
  45. Gemma E. Scarparolo & Lorraine S. Hammond (2018) The effect of a professional development model on early childhood educators’ direct teaching of beginning reading, Professional Development in Education, 44:4, 492-506, DOI: 10.1080/19415257.2017.1372303
  46. Goddard, et al. (2007). A theoretical and empirical investigation of teacher collaboration for school improvement and student achievement in public elementary     schools. Teachers’ college record, 109(4), 877-896.
  47. Goddard, R. D., Goddard, Y. L., & Tschannen-Moran, M. (2007). A theoretical and empirical investigation of teacher collaboration for school improvement and      student achievement in public elementary schools. Teachers College Record,           109(4), 877-896.
  48. Greg Matten 2020; Founder and Director of The Safety BrainTrust “Social Philosopher” Advocate for The Greater Good”. https://nz.linkedin.com/in/greg...nd          pulse_published-author-card.
  49. Halbesleben, J. R. (2006). Sources of social support and burnout: A meta-analytic test of the conservation of resources model. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(5),        1134-1145.
  50. Hazita, A. (2016) Implementation and challenges of English Language Education Reform in Malaysian Primary Schools. 3L: The Southeast Asian Journal of English Language Studies, 22(3), 65-78.
  51. Hong, N., Lam, Y. Y., & Sun, M. (2017). Exploring the relationship between school-based collaborative activities and teachers' job satisfaction, teaching practice, and student engagement. Journal of Educational Research, 110(4), 389-405.
  52. Horn, I. S., & Little, J. W. (2010). Attending to problems of practice: Routines and resources for professional learning in teachers' workplace interactions.. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831209345158 in improving students’ learning and professionalizing teaching in higher education. Journal of Education and Practice, 7(16), 38–41.  https://katymillerportfolio.weebly.com/4d-participating-in-the-professional-community.
  53. International Comparative Legal Guide (2019). Nigeria: Employment and labour law 2019. Retrieved from https://iclg.com/practice-areas/employment-and-labour-laws-andregulations/nigeria
  54. Jendle H, Wallnäs A (2017). Effects of Exercise, Social Support and Hardiness on Occupational Stress in Swedish teachers. Retrieved on January 7, 2020 from http://www.diva
  55. Johnson et al. (2019), essential mentorship techniques have a favorable impact on     rookie teachers' integration into the profession, job satisfaction, and retention     rates, emphasizing the importance of mentorship programs in assisting educators.
  56. Johnson, A., Smith, B., & Williams, C. (2020). Universal Sampling: A Comprehensive Review of Research Methodologies. Journal of Research Methods, 5(2), 78-91.
  57. Johnson, L., & Garcia, S. (2021). The Role of Collaborative Teaching Teams in School Improvement Initiatives.
  58. Johnson, W. B., Long, S., Smith, D. G., & Griffin, K. A. (2023). Creating a mentoring   culture in graduate training programs. Training and Education in Professional         Psychology, 17(1), 63.
  59. Jones, A., White, B., & Davis, C. (2019). Exploring Teacher Well-being and Social Support in Elementary Education: A Causal Comparative Research Design.     Journal of Educational Research, 12(2), 45-58.
  60. Kamran,  F.,  Afzal,  A., &  Rafiq,  S.  (2022).  A  Study  to  Explore  Students’  Satisfaction  Level Regarding Support Services  Provided by University of the Punjab. PalArch’s Journal of Archaeology of Egypt / Egyptology, 19(3), 1434-1447.
  61. Kamran, F.,  Afzal,  A., &  Rafiq, S.  (2022). The Teachers’  behavior  Influencing the Classroom Participation  of  University  Students.  Journal  of  Social  Research  Development,  3(2), 173-192.
  62. Khan, A.S. & Khan, A.N. (2012). Investigating the demographic impacts onthe job Satisfaction of district officers in the province of KPK, Pakistan. Int. Res. J. Management & Business Studies, 1(3), 068-075.
  63. Kong, L. N., Zhu, W. F., He, S., Yao, Y., and Yang, L. (2019). Relationships among socialsupport, coping strategy, and depressive symptoms in older adults with diabetes. J. Gerontol. Nurs. 45, 40–46. doi: 10.3928/00989134-20190305-03
  64. Kram, K. E., & Isabella, L. A. (2011). The quiet power of informal mentoring: How mentoring happens beyond the program. John Wiley & Sons. https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1095540
  65. Lee, et al. (2020). Gender Diversity and Teacher Well-being: Exploring Equality.
  66. Lee, S., & Johnson, L. (2021). Time Management and Teacher Well-being: An Examination of the Relationship.
  67. Lee, S., & Smith, J. (2019). The Impact of Professional Learning Communities on Teacher Collaboration and Student Achievement.
  68. Lefroy, J., Watling, C., Teunissen, P.  W.,  &  Brand,  P.  (2015).  Guidelines: the do’s, don’ts and  don’t  knows  of  feedback  for  clinical  education.  Perspectives  on  Medical Education, 4(6), 284–299.
  69. Lei, W.N.; Wang, X.W.; Dai, D.Y.; Guo, X.P.; Xiang, S.Q.; Hu, W.P. Academic self-efficacy and academic performance among high school students: A moderated mediation model of academic buoyancy and social support. Psychol. Sch.; 2022; 59, pp. 885-899. [DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pits.22653
  70. Liu, D.; Yang, X.; Zhang, C.; Zhang, W.; Tang, Q.; Xie, Y.; Shi, L. Impact of Job Satisfaction and Social Support on Job Performance Among Primary Care Providers in Northeast China: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front. Public Health 2022, 10, 884955. [CrossRef]
  71. Louis, K. S., Leithwood, K., Anderson, S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2010). Learning from leadership: School leaders' approaches to developing professional learning communities.  John Wiley & Sons. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/272786991_Learning_from_Leadership_Investigating_the_Links_to_Improved_Student_Learning_The_Informed_Educator_Series
  72. Martinez, J., & Nguyen, H. (2018). The Impact of Collaborative Teaching Teams on Teacher Collaboration and Professional Development.
  73. Martinez, L., & Nguyen, H. (2021). The Importance of Professional Learning Communities in Teacher Support and Retention.
  74. Masantiah, C., Pasiphol, S., & Tangdhanakanond, K. (2020). Student and feedback: Which type of feedback is preferable? Kasetsart Journal of Social Sciences, 41(2), 269–274.
  75. Núñez-Peña,  M..,  Bono,  R.,  &  Suárez-Pellicioni,  M.  (2015).  Feedback  on  Students’ Performance: A Possible Way of Reducing The Negative Effect of Math Anxiety
  76. Omer Usanmaz, 2024; The Ultimate Guide to Structuring an Effective Mentorship Program: 6 Steps to Success
  77. Omer, A.,  & Abdularhim, M. (2017). The criteria of constructive  feedback: The feedback that counts. Journal of Health Specialties, 5(1), 45–48
  78. Rafiq, S., Afzal, A., & Kamran, F (2022). Impact of School Environment on Students’ Academic Achievements  at the  University  Level.  VFAST  Transactions  on  Education  and  Social Sciences, 10(4), 19-30
  79. Reyes, M. R. (2010). Teacher well-being and social support: An exploratory study      among elementary school teachers in Manila, Philippines. Philippine Journal of      Counseling Psychology, 12(1), 1-20.
  80. Rohinsa, M.; Cahyadi, S.; Djunaidi, A.; Iskandar, T.Z. The role of teacher support in predicting engagement through academic buoyancy. Int. J. Innov. Creat. Change; 2019; 10, pp. 200-213.
  81. Rossiter, J.  A. (2016). Using an understanding of feedback processes to improve student learning. IFAC-PapersOnLine, 49(6), 57–62. 
  82. Sadler, R. (2016). Three in-course assessment  reforms  to  improve  higher  education learning outcomes. Assessment & Evaluation in Higher Education, 41(7), 1081-109
  83. Shazia,  R.,  Batool,  M.,  &  Shahzad,  M.  (2018).  Workload,  job  satisfaction  and  burnout  of university  teachers  in  Pakistan.  International  Journal  of  Social  Sciences  and Humanities Review, 8(2), 91-99.
  84. Simkus, J. (2023). Quota Sampling Method In Research: Definition And Examples.    Simply Psychology. Retrieved from      https://www.simplypsychology.org/quota       sampling.html
  85. Sippel, L.M.; Pietrzak, R.H.; Charney, D.S.; Mayes, L.C.; Southwick, S.M. How does social support enhance resilience in the trauma-exposed individual?. Ecol. Soc.; 2015; 20, 10. [DOI: https://dx.doi.org/10.5751/ES-07832-200410]
  86. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2017a). Dimensions of teacher burnout: Relations with potential stress-ors at school. Social Psychology of Education, 20(4), 775–790. https ://doi.org/10.1007/s1121 8-017-9391-0.
  87. Smith, A., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Impact of Workload on Teacher Well-being and Job Satisfaction.
  88. Smith, et al. (2018). Gender and Teacher Well-being: An Analysis of Disparities.
  89. Smith, J., & Johnson, A. (2018). Teacher Social Support, Motivation, and Job Satisfaction in a Professional Learning Community.
  90. Smith, J., & Johnson, L. (2018). The Influence of Social Support Networks on Teacher Well-being: A Systematic Review.
  91. Smith, J., Brown, L., & Johnson, M. (2021). Universal Sampling in Research   Methodology: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Social Science Research,   8(3), 112-125.
  92. Smith, K., & Brown, A. (2020). Building Effective Collaborative Teaching Teams: Strategies for Success.
  93. Smith, T., Brown, A., & Johnson, L. (2021). Causal Comparative Research Design in Quantitative Research on Teacher Well-being and Social Support among         Elementary Teachers. Journal of Educational Studies, 8(3), 112-127.
  94. Szabó,  É., Kóródi,  K.,  Szél,  E.,  &  Jagodics,  B. (2022).  Facing  the inevitable:  The  effects  of coronavirus disease  pandemic and online  teaching on teachers’  self-efficacy, workload, and job satisfaction. European Journal of Educational Research, 11(1), 151-162.
  95. Tahseen N (2015). Work-related stress among teacher educators: Evidence from Punjab. Pakistan Journal of Psychological Research, 30(2)
  96. Thoits, P.A. Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. J. Health Soc. Behav. 2011, 52, 145–161. [CrossRef] [PubMed]
  97. Turner, K., Thielking, M., & Prochazka, N. (2022). Teacher Wellbeing and Social Support: A Phenomenological Study. Educational Research, 64(1), 77-94. ERIC   – EJ1333505
  98. Vanblaere, B., & Devos, G. (2016). Relating school leadership to perceived professional learning community characteristics: A multilevel analysis. Teaching and Teacher Education, 57, 26-38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tate.2016.03.003
  99. Williams, R., Turner, L., & Martinez, E. (2019). Causal Comparative Research Design in Quantitative Studies on Teacher Well-being and Social Support among Elementary Teachers. Journal of Educational Research, 7(4), 145-159.
  100. Wisniewski, B., Zierer, K., & Hattie, J. (2020). The Power of Feedback Revisited: A Meta-Analysis of Educational Feedback Research. Frontiers in Psychology, 10(1), 1–14.