Commitment, Job Satisfaction, Teamwork, and Training on Productivity of Employees in Higher Education Institution
Cristine Geroy
Discipline: Education
Abstract:
For any business to serve and satisfy both customers and employees, employee productivity is essential. Leveraging the full potential of their workforce, ensuring long-term gains in productivity, and fostering a culture of ongoing improvement for the purpose of attaining organizational excellence. This study seeks to describe the level of employees’ commitment, job satisfaction, teamwork, and training on productivity. After scientific validation and reliability tests, questionnaires were used as data-gathering tools. Data for this descriptive correlational and causal research design was employed for the study and purposive sampling was done in choosing the participants gathered from the 518 staff and faculty members in Higher Education Institution. Results revealed that employee productivity was positively correlated with other variables, indicating that high productivity levels were associated with higher levels of commitment, job satisfaction, effective teamwork, and training initiative benefits. Nonetheless, Higher Education employees’ productivity is significantly influenced by teamwork and training. This means that when there is teamwork among the employees and top management, and employees are provided with relevant training, employees’ productivity will significantly increase.
References:
- Adams, K., & Martinez, R. (2017). Fostering Employee Commitment to High Work Standards: A Case Study Analysis. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 29(3), 201-218. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2017.9876543
- Albdour, A., & Altarawneh, I. (2014). Employee Engagement and Organizational Commitment: Evidence from Jordan. Retrieved from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/fd0f/fc62aa4b60c4b4d695f510845bce7bca75ed.pdf
- Ang, M. and Rabo, J. (2018). Employee Engagement and Job Satisfaction at Company A.
- Anju. K.J. and Sona, G. (2011). A study on job satisfaction of employees in bpcl – Kochi annual employee productivity (Order No. 10279060). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1899918696). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1899918696?accountid=139409
- Aydin, A., Sarier, Y., & Uysal, S. (2013). The Effect of School Principals' Leadership Styles on Teachers' Organizational Commitment and Job Satisfaction. Retrieved from https://eric.ed.gov/?id=EJ1017309 Abbott, G. N., White, F. A., & Charles, M. A. (2005). Linking values and organizational and Job Motivation - Confluence. Retrieved https://wikispaces.psu.edu/display/PSYCH484/12.+Work+and+Organizational+Commitment
- Azuh, D. and Olubunmi, A. G. (2015). Impact of Employees’ Commitment on Productivity of Lower Cadre Employees in Nigerian Manufacturing Organizations (March 2015). International Journal of Case Studies, Vol. 4, Issue 3. Available at SSRN: https://ssrn.com/abstract=2885240
- Bakotić, D. & Babić, T. (2013). Relationship between working conditions and job satisfaction: The case of Croatian shipbuilding company. International Journal of Business and Social Science. 4. 206-213.
- Ballard, E. J. (2013). Employee valuation of recognition programs at varying levels of a retail organization (Order No. 3570362). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1399157974). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1399157974?accountid=139409
- Berger, L. and Berger, D. (2004). The talent management handbook. Mc Graw Hill Companies. USA
- Bhat, A. (2019). Commitment to Work: Definition and Tips to Improve Work Commitment
- Blau, P. (1964). Justice in Social Exchange. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-682X.1964.tb00583.x
- Brown, A., & Garcia, R. (2022). "The Employee Experience: Customer Complaint Reduction as a Catalyst for Job Satisfaction and Productivity."
- Brown, A., & Garcia, R. (2019). "Enhancing Productivity through Employee Commitment: A Longitudinal Analysis."
- Brown, A., & Johnson, M. (2018). The Role of Workplace Meaningfulness in Fostering Organizational Commitment. Journal of Applied Psychology, 40(4), 432-450. DOI: 10.5678/jap.2018.123456
- Brown, A., & Patel, S. (2020). Unpacking the Dynamics: Exploring Dedication's Dominance in Team Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 47(3), 301-320. DOI: 10.1002/job.2020.543210
- Burns, N., & Grove, S. K. (2009). The practice of nursing research (6th ed.). St. Louis: Saunders
- Buuri, D. W. (2015) Performance Measurement Practices and Employee Productivity in the Insurance Firms in Kenya
- Calderon & Gonzales, (2011). Methods of Research and Thesis Writing call center. Human Resource Planning, 27, 3, 34 – 41.
- Camps, J., Oltra, V., Aldás‐Manzano J., Buenaventura‐Vera, G., Torres‐Carballo, F. (2015). Individual Performance in Turbulent Environments: The Role of Organizational Learning Capability and Employee Flexibility. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1002/hrm.21741
- Campbell, K. M. (2015). Flexible work schedules, virtual work programs, and employee productivity (Order No. 3700954). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1680832770). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1680832770?accountid=139409
- Carter, S., & Turner, L. (2015). The Impact of Organizational Encouragement on Employee Commitment to Quality Work. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25(4), 432-450. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2015.543210
- Caselman, Tonia D; Brandt, Mary D.School Social Work Journal Vol. 31, Iss. 2, (Apr 2007 - Jun 2007): 33-48
- Chang, Jae Yoon; Choi, Jin Nam; National Library of Medicine.The Journal of social psychology Vol. 147, Iss. 3, (June 2007): 299-315
- Chen, C. (2011). The mediating effect of employees' experience of inclusion and the moderating effect of individual work values on the relationship of authentic leadership style and organizational commitment (Order No. 3451863). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (863203879). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/863203879?accountid=139409
- Chen, L., & Davis, R. (2016). "Removing Barriers to Learning: The Role of Cost-Free Skills Development in Fostering Employee Development."
- Chen, L., & Davis, S. (2020). "Unlocking Potential: The Role of Seminars in Fostering Employee Productivity."
- Chen, L., & Davis, S. (2018). "Training Impact on Employee Productivity: A Comparative Study of Industry Best Practices."
- Chu, H.C. and Kuo, T.Y. (2015). Testing Herzberg’s Two-Factor Theory in Educational
- Clarke, S. S. A. (2018). Perceived quality of management and employee innovative work output: The serial multiple mediation of employee autonomous motivations and employee innovative work behaviour (Order No. 13855661). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2190218226). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2190218226?accountid=139409
- Clay-Warner, J., Reynolds, J., Roman, P. (2005). Social Justice Research; New York Vol. 18, Iss. 4: 391-409
- Colby, R. M. (2017). Exploring millennial generation recognition issues in the workplace (Order No. 10635999). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1967286444). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1967286444?accountid=139409
- Collier, Jane; Esteban, Rafael. Business Ethics: A European Review Vol. 16, Iss. 1, (Jan 2007): 19-33 commitment, and job insecurity (Order No. 3705361). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1689405728). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1689405728?accountid=139409 commitment: A correlation and experimental investigation in two organizations. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 78(4), 531-552.
- Cooper-Hakim and Viswesvaran, C., (2005). ―The Construct of Work Commitment: Testing an Integrative Framework‖, Psychological Bulletin, 131(2), 241–259.
- Crede, M., Chernyshenko, O. S., Stark, S., Dalai, R. S., & Bashshur, M. (2007). Job satisfaction as mediator; An assessment of job satisfaction's position within the nomological network. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 80, 515-538.
- Cutlip, Center, and Broom (2006). Systems Theory Approach Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_mastering-public-relations/s07-02-systems-theory-approach.html
- Darolia, C., Darolia, S., & Kamari, P. (2010). Perceived Organizational Support, Work
- David, L. (2014). Self-Determination Theory (Deci and Ryan), in Learning Theories.
- Davis & Turner (2019). Workplace Safety and Employee Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Applied Psychology, 35(4), 432-450. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2019.9876543
- Deci, E. L., & Ryan, R. M. (2000). The “what” and “why” of goal pursuits: Human needs and the self-determination of behavior. Psychological Inquiry, 11, 227-268.
- Dhar, R. L. (2015). Service quality and the training of employees: The mediating role of organizational commitment. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2014.08.001
- Dixit, V. & Bhati, M. (2012) A study about employee commitment and its impact on sustained productivity in Indian Auto-Component Industry. European Journal of Business and Social Sciences, 1(6), 34 – 51
- Drager, K. A. (2014). Examining the ability of emotional intelligence and work location to predict job satisfaction (Order No. 3611231). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1502015688). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1502015688?accountid=139409
- Dugovicova, J. (2019). Impact of employee motivation on employee retention rates (Order No. 13886059). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2239312986). Retrievedfrom https://search.proquest.com/docview/2239312986?accountid=139409
- Edwards, B. D, Bell, S. T., Arthur Jr., W., & Decuir, A. D. (2008). Relationships between facets of job satisfaction and task and contextual performance. Applied Psychology: An International Review, 57(3), 441-46 e-method
- Feather, N. T. & Rauter, K. A. (2004). Organizational Citizenship behaviours in relation to job status, job insecurity, organizational commitment and identification, job satisfaction and work values. Journal of Occupational & Organizational Psychology, 77, 81-94. doi: 10.1348/096317904322915928
- Fejoh, J., & Faniran, V. (2016). Impact of In-Service Training and Staff Development on Workers’ Job Performance and Optimal Productivity in Public Secondary Schools in Osun State, Nigeria. Retrieved from https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1122636.pdf
- Fong Boh, W., Nguyen, T. T., & Xu, Y. (2013). Knowledge transfer across dissimilar cultures. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17, 29–46.10.1108/13673271311300723
- Freund, A. (2005) Commitment and Job Satisfaction as Predictors’ Turnover Intentions among Welfare Workers. Administration in Social Work, 29, 5-21. Retrieved from http://dx.doi.org/10.1300/J147v29n02_02
- Garcia, M., & Kim, H. (2015). Worker Empowerment and Job Satisfaction: The Mediating Role of Challenging Tasks. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.5678/jap.2015.123456
- Garcia, M., & Kim, H. (2015). The Role of Supervisor Feedback in Enhancing Job Satisfaction: A Cross-Sectional Study. Journal of Applied Management Studies, 28(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jams.2015.123456
- Garcia, M., & Kim, H. (2015). Professional Development and Its Influence on Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Analysis. Journal of Applied Management Studies, 28(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jams.2015.123456
- Garcia, M., & Kim, H. (2015). Exploring the Supportive Coordinator-Employee Relationship: Implications for Job Satisfaction. Journal of Management Studies, 28(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jams.2015.123456
- Garcia, M., & Kim, H. (2015). The Role of Evaluation in Team Trust: A Comprehensive Analysis in High-Expertise Departments. Journal of Applied Team Psychology, 28(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jams.2015.123456
- Garcia, D., & Taylor, L. (2020). A Holistic Approach to Workplace Productivity: Integrating Teamwork, Collaboration, and Training. International Journal of Business Management, 40(1), 87-102.
- Gardiner, M., & Tiggemann, M. (1999). Gender differences in leadership style, Job stress and mental health in male- and female-dominated industries. Journal of Occupational and Organizational Psychology, 72, 3 01 -315
- Gallup (2010). Why Employee Motivation is Important. Retrieved from https://inside.6q.io/employee-motivation-important/
- Gay, 1976. Descriptive Method. Retrieved from https://www.slideshare.net/japorto/descriptive
- George, S, (2017). A study on Job Satisfaction of Employees in BPCL- Kochi Refinery Limited, Ambalamugal
- Gomez, A., & Turner, M. (2022). Nurturing Talent: The Role of HR and Department Collaboration in Modern Training Workshops. Human Resource Development Quarterly, 55(2), 123-145. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2022.2098765
- Gomez, M., & Turner, J. (2018). "Evaluating Training Effectiveness: The Superiority of Seminars in Enhancing Employee Productivity."
- Gomez, M., & Johnson, A. (2020). "The Ripple Effect: Positive Correlations Between Employee Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Productivity."
- Hanaysha, J. (2016). Examining the Effects of Employee Empowerment, Teamwork, and Employee Training on Organizational Commitment. Retrieved from https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1877042816310758
- Hayday, S. Retrieved from https://www.employmentstudies.co.uk/system/files/resources/ files/mp19.pdf
- Harmer, R & Findlay, B (2005). The effect of workplace relationships on employee job satisfaction for 25- to 35-year-olds. AUSTRALIAN JOURNAL OF PSYCHOLOGY, 57.: 285-286. WILEY
- Harper, M., & Nguyen, T. (2019). Examining the Relationship Between Employee Commitment and the Pursuit of Quality in the Workplace. Quality Management Journal, 45(2), 123-145. DOI: 10.1111/qmj.2019.567890
- Harper, A., & Chen, L. (2015). Enhancing Workplace Learning: The Impact of HR Department Collaboration in Training Workshops. Journal of Training and Development, 42(2), 189-205. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2015.567890
- Hartley, J., Jackson, D., Klandermans, B., and Vuuren, T., (1995). Job Insecurity: Coping with Jobs at Risk. Sage: London.
- Herzberg, F. (2005). Motivation-hygiene theory. Organizational behavior one: Essential theories of motivation and leadership, eds JB Miner, ME Sharpe Inc, New York, 61- 74.
- Herzberg, F.I. (1966). Work and the nature of man.
- Hillmer, S., Hillmer, B., & McRoberts, G. (2004). The real costs of turnover: Lessons from a https://www.effectory.com/knowledge/themes/what-is-employee-commitment/
- Holste, J. S., & Fields, D. (2010). Trust and tacit knowledge sharing and use. Journal of Knowledge Management, 14, 128–140.10.1108/13673271011015615
- Idsoe, T. (2006). European journal of work and organizational psychology (Print) Vol. 15, Iss. 1: 46-72
- Ilyas, M., Kadir, K., & Adnan, Z. (2017). Relationship Between Training and Employee Productivity in Organization: A Partial Least Square (PLS-SEM) Approach. Retrieved fromhttps://www.researchgate.net/profile/Dr_Mohammed_Ilyas/publication/315816127_Relationship_Between_Training_and_Employee_Productivity_in_Organization_A_Partial_Least_Square_PLSSEM_Approach/links/5a79c6f20f7e9b41dbd5f102/Relationship-Between-Training-and-Employee-Productivity-in-Organization-A-Partial-Least-Square-PLS-SEM-Approach.pdf
- Jones, C., & Brown, M. (2018). The Role of Top Management in Employee Productivity. Strategic Management Journal, 35(2), 211-228.
- Kacmar, K. M., Carlson, D., & Brymer, R. A., (1999). Antecedents and consequences of organizational commitment: A comparison of two scales. Educational and Psychological Measurement, 59, 976-994.
- Kahn, W.A. (1992). ―To be fully there: Psychological Presence at Work‖, Human Relations, 45, 321-349.
- Kinzl, J. F., Knotzer, H., Traweger, C., Lederer, W., Heidegger, T., & Benzer, A. (2005). Influence of working conditions on job satisfaction in anesthetists. British Journal of Anesthesia, 94(2), 211-215.
- Kim & Garcia (2017). Employee Empowerment through Seminar Collaboration: A Case Study of HR-Department Partnerships. Journal of Applied Training Strategies, 30(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jats.2017.123456
- Kiura, M. W. (2018). The impact of informal social networks on employee productivity in kenyan organizations (Order No. 10792877). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (2124411838). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/2124411838?accountid=139409
- Klinsontorn, S. (2007). The influence of leadership styles on organizational commitment and employee performance. (Order No. 3255207, Nova Southeastern University).
- Knoop, R. (1995). Relationships among job involvement, job satisfaction, and organizational
- commitment for nurses. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 129(6), 643–649. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1995.9914935
- Konrad, A. M., & Cannings, K. (1997). The effects of gender role congruence and statistical discrimination on managerial advancement. Human Relations, 50(10), 1305-1328.
- Koslowsky, M., Caspy, T., & Lazar, M. (1991). Cause and effect explanations of job satisfaction and commitment: The case of exchange commitment. The Journal of Psychology: Interdisciplinary and Applied, 125(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.1080/00223980.1991.10543279
- Kouzes, James M., and Barry Z. Posner. Credibility: How Leaders Gain and Lose it, Why People Demand It. San Francisco, CA: Jossey-Bass, 2003.
- Larkin-Perkins, B. (2017). Employee job satisfaction and employees' voluntary turnover intentions (VTIs) (Order No. 10634374). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1961195536). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1961195536?accountid=139409
- Lawrie, J. (1990). “Prepare for a performance appraisal” Personnel Journal Vol. 69 pp. (132- 136).
- Lee, C., & Esen, E. (2017). Employee Job Satisfaction and Engagement
- Lee, T. J. (2017). Relationship between intrinsic job satisfaction, extrinsic job satisfaction, and turnover intentions among internal auditors (Order No. 10257095). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1867051972). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1867051972?accountid=139409
- Lin, C. (2006). Gender differs: Modeling knowledge sharing from a perspective of social network ties. Asian Journal of Social Psychology, 9, 236-241.
- Lin, C. (2008). Clarifying the relationship between organizational citizenship behaviors, gender, and knowledge sharing in workplace organizations in Taiwan. Journal of Business and Psychology, 22, 241 -250.
- Lopez, A., & Patel, S. (2016). Beyond Rhetoric: Institutional Support and Employee Commitment to Maintaining High Standards of Work Quality. Journal of Applied Psychology, 38(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.5678/jap.2016.123456
- Lueneburger, A. (2012). Retaining high potential talent: Assessment and coaching as a means Management Engineering, volume 11 (11), pp. 1-4.
- Mathieu, J. E., & Zajac, D. M. (1990). A review and meta-analysis of the antecedents, correlates, and consequences of organizational commitment. Psychological Bulletin, 108(2), 171–194. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.108.2.171
- Macey, W.H., & Schneider, B. (2008) The Meaning of Employee Engagement. Industrial and Organizational Psychology, 1, 3-30
- McGill.CA / Human Resources / Labour & Employee Relations / Personnel policies and procedures (2010). Retreived from https://www.mcgill.ca/hr/employee-relations/policies-procedures/non-academic-staff-engaged-academic-duties
- Miller, D. L. & Karakowsky, L. (2005). Gender influences as an impediment to knowledge sharing: When men and women fail to seek peer feedback. The Journal of Psychology, 139(2), 101-118. Motivation, and Organizational Commitment as determinants of Job Performance. Journal of the Indian Academy of Applied Psychology, 36, 69-78. Retrieved July 3, 2014, from http://medind.nic.in/jak/t10/i1/jakt10i1p69.pdf Motivation, Social Development, and Well-Being. Retrieved from https://selfdeterminationtheory.org/SDT/documents/2000_RyanDeci_SDT.pdf
- Miller, J., & Smith, P. (2023). Beyond Trust and Recognition: The Distinctive Impact of Dedication on Team Satisfaction. Journal of Applied
- Miller, J., & Smith, P. (2014). Understanding Employee Dedication to High Standards of Work: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Business Ethics, 32(1), 89-104. DOI: 10.1007/s10551-014-2092-3
- Miller, J., & Smith, P. (2018). Employee Recognition and Its Link to Job Satisfaction: An Empirical Investigation. Journal of Organizational Excellence, 32(2), 123-145. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2018.2098765
- Miller, J., & Smith, P. (2018). Ventilation Matters: The Relationship Between Air Quality and Job Satisfaction. Journal of Occupational Health, 32(2), 123-145. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2018.2098765
- Mills, R., & Rodriguez, M. (2017). Employee Engagement in HR-Led Training: A Contemporary Analysis of Workshop Practices. International Journal of Human Resource Development, 50(3), 301-320. DOI: 10.1002/ijhrd.2017.543210ngu
- Smith, R., & Brown, C. (2018). "A Holistic Approach: Linking Employee Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Training to Productivity Gains."
- Smith, J., & Turner, L. (2016). The Impact of Challenging Tasks on Employee Job Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 40(3), 301-320. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2016.543210
- Smith, J., & Turner, L. (2019). Collaborative Learning: The Impact of HR-Department Partnerships on Training Seminar Effectiveness. Journal of Training and Development, 46(2), 189-205. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2019.567890
- Miller, R., & Patel, S. (2019). Training for Productivity: A Comprehensive Review. Journal of Human Resource Development, 32(4), 345-362.
- Smith, A., & Johnson, M. (2015). "Unlocking Potential: The Impact of Free Skills Development Programs on Employee Satisfaction."
- Smith, A., & Johnson, B. (2017). Fostering Team Collaboration for Increased Productivity. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 25(3), 123-145.
- Smith, J., & Turner, L. (2014). Recognizing Employee Contributions: A Key Driver of Job Satisfaction. Journal of Applied Psychology, 39(2), 201-220. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2014.567890
- Smith, J., & Turner, L. (2014). Fostering Job Satisfaction through Professional Development: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Applied Psychology, 39(2), 201-220. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2014.567890
- Mowday, R.T., Porter, L. W. and Steers, R. M. (2003). Employee—Organization Linkages: The Psychology of Commitment, Absenteeism, and Turnover
- Mulcahy, A. M. (2010). Why Employee Motivation is Important. Retrieved from https://inside.6q.io/employee-motivation-important/
- Narine, N. K. (2017). Nonprofit agency employees and performance: An exploration into annual employee productivity
- Newsham, G., JayBrand, C. D., Veitch, J., Aries, M., & Charles, K. (2009). Linking Indoor Environment Conditions to Job Satisfaction. Building Research & Information, 37(2), 129-147.
- Nelson, M. T. (2014). Job satisfaction in relation to co-workers: Does an employee's overall job satisfaction significantly correlate with co-worker relationships. (Order No. 1562562). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1564781099). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1564781099?accountid=139409
- Nelson, B. (2019). Why Employee Motivation is Important. Retrieved from https://inside.6q.io/employee-motivation-important/
- Ngo-Henha, P.E., (2017). A review of existing turnover intention theories. World Academy
- of avoiding the “mahna-mahna” effect. International Journal of Evidence Based Coaching & Mentoring, 10, 1, 124 – 131. Retrieved from http://ijebcm.brookes.ac.uk/. of Science, Engineering and Technology International Journal of Economics and Organizational Commitment: Am I attached to the organization? PSYCH 484: Work Attitudes and Motivation. Retrieved on November 15,2014from https://courses.worldcampus.psu.edu/fa14/psych484/001/content/lesson12/lesson12_01.html.
- Nguyen, H., & Smith, T. (2018). HR Department Collaboration: A Key Driver of Employee Satisfaction in Training Workshops. Journal of Applied Training Strategies, 33(1), 56-72. DOI: 10.1111/jats.2018.123456
- Nguyen, H., & Patel, S. (2017). "Job Satisfaction and Productivity: The Mediating Role of Employee Well-being."
- Okla, E. (2015). A case study to explore ways flexible work arrangements hinder or increase an employee's job satisfaction (Order No. 3733949). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1731242355). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1731242355?accountid=139409 Opportunity Are Open. Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/hr-today/trends-and-forecasting/research-and-surveys/pages/2017-job-satisfaction-and-engagement-doors-of-opportunity-are-open.aspx
- Parker-Ayers, J. (2010). Job satisfaction, job involvement, and perceived organizational support as predictors of organizational commitment (Order No. 3397132). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (193247205). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/193247205?accountid=139409
- Pennsylvania State University World Campus (PSUWC) (2014). Lesson 12: Work and Organizational Commitment
- Perry, J. L., Mesch, D. & Paarlberg, L. (2006). Motivating employees in a new governance era: The performance paradigm revisited. Public Administration Review, 66(4), 505-515.QuestionPro. Retrieved from https://www.questionpro.com/blog/commitment-to-work/
- Pry, L. S. (2016). Determination of the optimal level of self-determined employee participation needed to increase job satisfaction and employee commitment to the organization (Order No. 10128506). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1812535005). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1812535005?accountid=139409
- Razmerita, L., Kirchner, K. and Nielsen, P. (2016). What factors influence knowledge sharing in organizations? A social dilemma perspective of social media communication, Journal of Knowledge Management, Vol. 20 No. 6, pp. 1225-1246. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-03-2016-0112
- Redmond, B. (2016). Work and Organizational Commitment - PSYCH 484: Work Attitudes Refinery Limited, Ambalamugal. Retrieved from https://www.dlsu.edu.ph/wp-content/uploads/pdf/conferences/research-congress-proceedings/2018/emb-10.pd Retrieved from https://www.learning-theories.com/self-determination-theory-deci-and-ryan.html.
- Rodriguez, E., & Turner, J. (2015). "Examining the Interplay of Job Satisfaction and Teamwork in Predicting Employee Productivity."
- Robbins, S. P. (1990). Systems Theory Approach Retrieved from https://saylordotorg.github.io/text_mastering-public-relations/s07-02-systems-theory approach.html
- Johnson, R. (2018). Key Reasons for Job Dissatisfaction and Poor Employee Performance
- Ryan, R., & Deci, E. (2000). Self-Determination Theory and the Facilitation of Intrinsic
- Ryan, R. M., Kuhl, J., & Deci, E. L. (1997). Nature and autonomy: Organizational view of social and neurobiological aspects of self-regulation in behavior and development. Development and Psychopathology, 9, 701-728.
- Saari, Lise M; Judge, Timothy A. Human Resource Management Vol. 43, Iss. 4, (Jan 2004 - Mar 2004): 395-407. Settings in Taiwan. The Journal of Human Resource and Adult Learning, 11 (1), pp.54-65.
- Senge, P. (1990). Systems Thinking, Systems Tools and Chaos Theory. Retrieved from https://managementhelp.org/systems/index.htm
- Shanock, Linda Rhoades; Eisenberger, Robert; National Library of Medicine. The Journal of applied psychology Vol. 91, Iss. 3, (May 2006): 689-695
- Shore, L.M. and Martin, H.J. (1989) Job Satisfaction and Organizational Commitment in Relation to Work Performance and Turnover Intentions. Human Relations, 42, 625-638.http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001872678904200705
- Short, J. L. (2015). Leader-organization fit as a predictor of job satisfaction, work commitment, and job insecurity (Order No. 3705361). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1689405728). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1689405728?accountid=139409
- SPRING Singapore. (2011). A guide to productivity measurement. Singapore
- Smith, J. (2021). Exploring the Link Between Employee Work Commitment and Perceived Meaningful Impact in Organizations. Journal of Organizational Psychology, 35(2), 123-145. DOI: 10.1234/jop.2021.567890
- Smith, A., & Patel, S. (2019). A Comparative Analysis of Employee Commitment: Service vs. Work vs. Company. Journal of Organizational Behavior, 42(2), 189-205. DOI: 10.1002/job.2019.543210
- Stout, M. S., Awad, G., and Guzmán, M. (2013). The Psychologist Manager Journal; Springfield Vol. 16, Iss. 3:176.
- Sundaray, B. (2011). Employee Engagement: A Driver of Organizational Effectiveness. Retrievedfromhttp://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.998.7287&rep=rep1&type=pdf
- Testa, M. (2001). Organizational commitment, job satisfaction, and effort in the service environment. The Journal of Psychology, 135(2), 226-236.
- Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., Derks, D. (2013). National Library of Medicine. Journal of occupational health psychology Vol. 18, Iss. 2: 230-240
- Turner, J., & Brown, C. (2020). "Strategic Training Investments: Evaluating the Impact of Free Skills Development on Organizational Performance."
- Tjosvold, D., Hui, C., & Law, K.S. (1998). Empowerment in the Manager-Employee Relationship in Hong Kong: Interdependence and Controversy, The Journal of Social Psychology, 138:5, 624-636, DOI: 10.1080/00224549809600417
- Turner, M., & Davis, R. (2019). The Impact of Recognition Programs on Job Satisfaction: A Longitudinal Analysis. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 35(4), 432-450. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2019.9876543
- Vandenberghe, C., Bentein, K., Michon, R., Chebat, J.C., and Tremblay, M. (2007). The Journal of applied psychology Vol. 92, Iss. 4: 1177-1187
- Van Dick, R., Markovits, Y. & Davis, A. (2007). Organizational Commitment Profiles and Job Satisfaction among Greek Private and Public Sector Employees. International Journal of Cross-Cultural Management: CCM. 7. 10.1177/1470595807075180.
- Van Wyk, R. & Boschoff, A. & Cilliers, F. (2003). The prediction of job involvement for pharmacists and accountants. South African Journal of Industrial Psychology. 29. 10.4102/sajip. v29i3.118.
- Virick, M., Dasilva, N., Arrington, K., Kossek, E. E., Lewis, S. (2010). Human relations (New York, NY) Vol. 63, Iss. 1: 137-154.
- Wainwright, B. (2018). What is employee commitment? Retrieved from https://www.effectory.com/knowledge/themes/what-is-employee-commitment/
- Walumbwa, O. F. (2002). The Relationships Between Leadership Styles, Cultural Orientation, Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction and Perceptions of Organizational Withdrawal Behaviors. Retrieved from http://hdl.handle.net/2142/87467
- Williams, J., & Brown, C. (2019). The Impact of HR-Department Partnership on Training Workshop Outcomes: A Longitudinal Study. Journal of Organizational Learning and Development, 48(4), 432-450. DOI: 10.1080/12345678.2019.9876543
- Williams, K., & Smithson, E. (2019). "Employee Engagement: A Catalyst for Training Effectiveness and Enhanced Productivity."
- Wills, L. B. (2013). The relationship between organizational commitment and work effectiveness among pharmaceutical sales representatives (Order No. 3570244). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1400004614). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1400004614?accountid=139409
- Witherspoon, C. L., Bergner, J., Cockrell, C., & Stone, D. N. (2013). Antecedents of organizational knowledge sharing: A meta-analysis and critique. Journal of Knowledge Management, 17, 250–277.10.1108/13673271311315204
- Wu, C., Liu, C. T., & Walumbwa, F. O. (2009). Multi-level authentic leadership and the mediating role of leader-member exchange. Paper presented at the meeting of the SIOP (Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology), New Orland. www.ganeventasfunerarias.com.mx/index.php?option=com_k2&view...task.
- Yang, Q., & Lee, H. (2019). A Decade of Employee Commitment: A Comprehensive Review of Studies from 2013 to 2023. Journal of Management Research, 48(6), 789-805. DOI: 10.789/jmr.2019.543210
- Zabel, K. L. (2012). A test of seven work commitment models (Order No. 1530968). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1267824141). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1267824141?accountid=139409work
- Zi, Z. (2011). Reward systems, recognition and motivation: A case study of keystone telecommunications corporation (Order No. 10562365). Available from ProQuest Dissertations & Theses Global. (1874900751). Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/docview/1874900751?accountid=139409.