Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 36 no. 4 (2025)

Navigating Educational Initiatives: Principal’s Views on Program, Project, and Activity (PPAs) Implementation

Melanie Gulmatico

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

The study explored the lived experiences and perspectives of school principals in the City Schools Division of Koronadal, focusing on their roles in implementing Programs, Projects, and Activities (PPAs). Using Transcendental Phenomenology, the research examined leadership practices, stakeholder collaboration, and contextual factors influencing PPA implementation. Data were gathered through semi-structured interviews with five principals selected purposively from diverse school types. The findings highlighted key themes such as leadership pathways, motivational drivers, resource challenges, stakeholder engagement, and the impact of cultural and contextual factors on program success. The study underscored the importance of strategic leadership, professional development, and cultural sensitivity in overcoming barriers to implementation. Recommendations were provided to strengthen principal support systems and create sustainable strategies to enhance educational outcomes within the division.



References:

  1. Bass, B. M., & Riggio, R. E. (2006). Transformational leadership (2nd ed.). Psychology Press.
  2. Berson, Y., & Linton, J. D. (2005). An examination of the relationships between leadership style, quality, and employee satisfaction in R&D versus administrative environments. Journal of Educational Administration, 43(5), 345-362. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578230510615125
  3. Brown, C., & Williams, D. (2019). The Role of Principals in Program Implementation.   Educational Leadership Journal, 35(2), 214-230.
  4. Bryk, A. S., Sebring, P. B., Allensworth, E., Luppescu, S., & Easton, J. Q. (2010). Organizing Schools for Improvement: Lessons from Chicago. University of Chicago Press. https://press.uchicago.edu/ucp/books/book/chicago/O/bo9081147.html
  5. Campinha-Bacote, J. (2002). The process of cultural competence in the delivery of healthcare services: A model of care. Journal of Transcultural Nursing, 13(3), 181-184.
  6. Darling-Hammond, L., Hyler, M. E., & Gardner, M. (2020). Preparing school leaders for a changing world: Lessons from exemplary leadership development programs. Stanford Center for Opportunity Policy in Education. Retrieved from https://edpolicy.stanford.edu
  7. Day, C., & Leithwood, K. (2007). Successful school leadership. Sage Publications.
  8. Day, C., Gu, Q., & Sammons, P. (2016). The impact of leadership on student outcomes: How successful school leaders use transformational and instructional leadership to promote student achievement. Educational Administration Quarterly, 52(2), 261-293. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X15616863
  9. Dutta, M. J. (2007). Communicating about culture and health: Theorizing culture-centered and cultural sensitivity approaches. Communication Theory, 17(3), 304-328.
  10. Garcia, E., & Santos, F. (2020). Localizing Educational Initiatives for Better Outcomes. International Journal of Educational Development, 42(1), 89-105.
  11. Gomez, A., & Santos, L. (2016). Collaborative Leadership: A Catalyst for Successful Program Implementation in Philippine Schools. International Journal of Educational Management.
  12. Gomez, M., & Santos, J. (Year). Towards Sustainability: Principals' Future Views on Environmental Education Programs. Environmental Education Research.
  13. Grissom, J. A., & Loeb, S. (2011). The impact of teacher and principal quality on student achievement: The influence of leadership in schools. Educational Administration Quarterly, 47(1), 31–70. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X10383498
  14. Grissom, J. A., & Loeb, S. (2011). Triangulating principal effectiveness: How within-school distribution of leadership influences student achievement. Journal of Leadership and Organizational Studies, 18(2), 99-113. https://doi.org/10.1177/1548051811401445
  15. Hallinger, P. (2011). Leadership for Learning: Lessons from 40 Years of Empirical Research. Journal of Educational Administration, 49(2), 125-142. https://doi.org/10.1108/09578231111116699
  16. Hallinger, P. (2016). Leadership for learning: Lessons from 40 years of empirical research. Journal of Educational Administration, 54(5), 557–574. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-03-2015-0030
  17. Hallinger, P., & Bickman, L., & Davis, K. (1996). School context, principal leadership, and student reading achievement. The Elementary School Journal, 96(5), 527-549.
  18. Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (2012). The principal's role in school effectiveness: A review of research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), 303-319. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11429987
  19. Hallinger, P., & Heck, R. H. (2015). Collaborative leadership and school improvement: Understanding the impact on school capacity and student learning. School Leadership & Management, 35(2), 124-140.
  20. Hallinger, P., & Murphy, J. (1985). Assessing the instructional management behavior of principals. Elementary School Journal, 86(2), 217-247.
  21. Hargreaves, A. (2001). The Emotional Practice of Teaching. Teaching and Teacher Education, 17(8), 1047-1057. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0742-051X(01)00048-2
  22. Jacob, R., DeAngelis, C. A., & Holtzman, D. J. (2021). The experiences of educational leaders and career readiness. Journal of Educational Leadership, 65(4), 13-27. https://doi.org/10.1177/2332858420929298
  23. Jimenez, J., Garcia, R., & Lopez, S. (2019). Navigating Local Needs: A Case Study of Principals in Decentralized Systems. Educational Leadership Journal.
  24. Leithwood, K., & Jantzi, D. (2006). A review of transformational leadership research in education. Leadership and Policy in Schools, 5(3), 177-199. https://doi.org/10.1080/1570076060080580
  25. Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2012). The nature and effects of transformational school leadership: A meta-analytic review of unpublished research. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), 387-423.
  26. Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2012). The nature and effects of transformational school leadership: A meta-analytic review. Educational Administration Quarterly, 48(3), 387–423. https://doi.org/10.1177/0013161X11436268
  27. Leithwood, K., & Sun, J. (2017). How leadership influences student learning. In K. Leithwood & D. Jantzi (Eds.), Leadership and Policy in Schools (pp. 233-247). Routledge.
  28. Leithwood, K., Day, C., Sammons, P., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2004). Successful School Leadership: What It Is and How It Influences Pupil Learning. University of Nottingham. https://www.educationdevelopmenttrust.com/Education-Development-Trust/media/EDS-Resources/Articles/Successful-School-Leadership-What-it-is-and-how-it-influences-pupil-learning.pdf
  29. Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2014). Supporting leadership development in education: A review of the literature. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(3), 403-420. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143214524213
  30. Leithwood, K., Harris, A., & Hopkins, D. (2016). Seven strong claims about successful school leadership. School Leadership & Management, 36(1), 5-22.
  31. Leithwood, K., Seashore Louis, K., Anderson, S., & Wahlstrom, K. (2004). How leadership influences student learning. University of Minnesota.
  32. Mulford, B. (2015). Leadership for rural schools: Building capacity for sustainable leadership. International Journal of Educational Management, 29(6), 1181-1201. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJEM-07-2014-0097 OECD. (2015). Education at a Glance 2015: OECD Indicators. OECD Publishing.
  33. Pang, L., & Tan, S. (2019). Strategies for Effective Technology Integration: A Principal's Guide. Educational Technology Research and Development,.
  34. Parker, L. (2020). Systematically delayed principal promotions by race and gender. Journal of Educational Administration, 58(3), 321-337. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEA-04-2019-0112
  35. Parra-Cardona, J. R., et al. (2015). Cultural adaptation and implementation of evidence-based parent training programs: A systematic review. Child and Youth Services Review, 53, 113-120.
  36. Robinson, V. M. J., Hohepa, M., & Lloyd, C. (2009). School leadership and student outcomes: Identifying what works and why. Australian Council for Educational Research.
  37. Samwel, O. (2016). Influence of cultural practices on implementation of development projects in Shinyalu Sub-county, Kakamega, Kenya. International Journal of Scientific and Research Publications, 6(7), 1-8.
  38. Sergiovanni, T. J. (2015). The principalship: A reflective practice perspective (8th ed.). Pearson Education.
  39. Skaalvik, E. M., & Skaalvik, S. (2014). Principal leadership and school effectiveness: The influence of leader’s emotional intelligence and leadership style. Educational Management Administration & Leadership, 42(2), 159–184. https://doi.org/10.1177/1741143213510504
  40. Smith, J., & Reyes et al. (2017, 2020). Navigating Policy Changes: A Case Study of Filipino Principals. Journal of Educational Leadership.
  41. Spillane, J. P., & Diamond, J. B. (2015). Distributed leadership in practice. Teachers College Press.
  42. Tan, R., & Lim, S. (2021). Contextual Understanding in Educational Leadership: Lessons from Filipino Principals. Educational Policy Analysis.
  43. The Wallace Foundation. (2022). High-quality principal learning programs associated with improved outcomes for principals, teachers, and students. Retrieved from https://www.wallacefoundation.org
  44. Torres, J., & Rodriguez, M. (2018). Evaluating the Impact of Educational Programs. Journal of Educational Assessment, 18(4), 567-583.
  45. Waters, T., & Marzano, R. J. (2006). School District Leadership that Works: The Effect of Superintendent Leadership on Student Achievement. A Metanalysis of Research. Mid-continent Research for Education and Learning. https://www.marzanoresearch.com/
  46. Waters, T., Marzano, R. J., & McNulty, B. A. (2003). Balanced leadership: What 30 years of research tells us about the effect of leadership on student achievement. Mid-Continent Research for Education and Learning.

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic