Perceptions on the Oral Health Behaviors, Attitude, Hygiene Practices, and Common Dental Problems of Senior High School Students in a Private Institution
Zyra Faye Balangue | Princess Joy Corbito | Venice Jude Pille | Lesther Rirao | Victoria Jhen Sansano | Lady Valen Charon Dela Peña
Discipline: Dentistry
Abstract:
Oral health is a critical but often overlooked aspect of overall well-being, influencing physical, social, and emotional aspects. Despite advancements in dental science, oral health issues persist, particularly in underserved communities. This study assesses senior high school students’ oral health behaviors, attitudes toward dental services, hygiene practices, and common dental problems. Employing a descriptive-comparative-correlational design, the study utilized a modified survey questionnaire to collect data from 274 randomly selected students at Saint Mary’s University, Bayombong, Nueva Vizcaya, during the School Year 2024-2025. Findings revealed that respondents exhibited favorable oral health behaviors and favorable attitudes towards dental health. Significant differences in oral health behaviors and attitudes were observed based on sex, grade level, and academic track. A moderately high positive correlation existed between behaviors and attitudes. Key influencing factors included self-discipline, family environment, and dietary habits. The most common dental issues reported were toothaches, cavities, and orthodontic concerns. Respondents emphasized that regular toothbrushing, proper oral hygiene, and frequent dental check-ups could help prevent these problems. While students generally display some positive oral health behaviors and attitudes, gaps remain in optimal practices and access to dental care. These findings highlight the need for targeted interventions and school-based programs to reinforce positive behaviors, address disparities, and improve access to dental education and services. Strengthening oral health awareness and preventive care among students is crucial in fostering long-term well-being and reducing the burden of preventable dental issues.
References:
- Aflalo, E., Dichtiar, R., Zusman, S. P., Bilenko, N., & Keinan-Boker, L. (2018b). The association between health attitudes and behaviors and oral-health-related practices. Quintessence International, 49(2), 153–162. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.qi.a39566
- Ahamed, S., Moyin, S., Punathil, S., Patil, N., Kale, V., & Pawar, G. (2015). Evaluation of the oral health knowledge, attitude and behavior of the preclinical and clinical dental students. PubMed. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26124603/
- Alamoudi, R. M., Showlag, R. A., Almujil, N. J., Alzahrani, A. M., Aladwani, W. I., Alboeid, A. A., Alsaleh, Y. T., Alali, J. Y., Alahmadi, A. J., Nayas, L. M., & Al-Qahtani, H. M. (2023). The impact of parental oral health behaviors on the oral health of children. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 10(11), 4451–4456. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20233149
- Al‐Batayneh, O. B., Owais, A. I., & Khader, Y. (2014b). Oral Health Knowledge and Practices among Diverse University Students with Access to Free Dental Care: A Cross-Sectional Study. Open Journal of Stomatology, 04(03), 135–142. https://doi.org/10.4236/ojst.2014.43021
- Alfaro, A. C. (2017). School-based Oral Health Promotion and Intervention in AMIGA (Alfonso, Mendez, Indang, General Emilio Aguinaldo, Amadeo) Cavite, Philippines. ASEAN Journal of Community Engagement, 1(2), 42. https://doi.org/10.7454/ajce.v1i2.72
- Ali, D. (2016). Patient satisfaction in Dental Healthcare Centers. European Journal of Dentistry, 10(03), 309–314. https://doi.org/10.4103/1305-7456.184147
- Alkalash, S. H., Alfaqih, A. E., Alkinani, A. I., Alzahrani, H., Alrufaydi, M. H., Alqarni, R. S., & Alrufaydi, M. H. (2023). A Cross-Sectional study on the knowledge, attitudes, and oral hygiene practices of secondary school students in Al-Qunfudah District, Saudi Arabia. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.40337
- Al-Omari, Q. D., & Hamasha, A. A. (2005). Gender-Specific Oral Health Attitudes and Behavior among Dental Students in Jordan. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice, 6(1), 107–114. https://doi.org/10.5005/jcdp-6-1-107
- Al-Omiri, M., Al-Shayyab, M., Alhijawi, M., & Kielbassa, A. (2019). Relationship between dental students’ personality profiles and self-reported oral health behaviour. Oral Health & Preventive Dentistry, 17(2), 125–129. https://doi.org/10.3290/j.ohpd.a42371
- Al-Wesabi, A. A., Abdelgawad, F., Sasahara, H., & Motayam, K. E. (2019). Oral health knowledge, attitude and behaviour of dental students in a private university. BDJ Open, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41405-019-0024-x
- Amorin, R., Bal-Iyang, S., Collo, J., Gacusan, J., Jallorina, S., Manzano, M., & Villalobos, A. (2017). QUALITY OF AND PATIENTS’ SATISFACTION ON DENTAL SERVICES IN CANDON CITY. ResearchGate. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.36117.22248
- Balhaddad, A. A., Alshammari, A. S., Alqadi, A., & Nazir, M. A. (2018). Patient Satisfaction with Dental Services and Associated Factors in a Saudi Dental Institution. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. https://doi.org/10.7860/jcdr/2018/38358.12399
- Bayingana, J., Shyaka, G., & Ogendi, J. (2024). Knowledge, attitude and practices towards oral health among secondary school students in Huye district, Rwanda. African Health Sciences, 24(1), 250–261. https://doi.org/10.4314/ahs.v24i1.30
- Bhuiyan, A., Anwar, H. B., Anwar, R. B., Ali, M. N., & Agrawal, P. (2020). Oral Hygiene Awareness and Practices among a Sample of Primary School Children in Rural Bangladesh. Dentistry Journal, 8(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/dj8020036
- Birajdar, S., Jayalekshmi, C., Keerthana, C., & Gurav, R. B. (2024). Oral health problems among school children in rural area: a cross-sectional study. International Journal of Community Medicine and Public Health, 11(3), 1277–1281. https://doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20240632
- Carneiro, L. C., Kabulwa, M. N., Makyao, M., Mrosso, G., & Choum, R. (2011). Oral Health Knowledge and Practices of Secondary school Students, Tanga, Tanzania. International Journal of Dentistry, 2011, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1155/2011/806258
- Chand, S., & Hadyait, M. A. (2014). ORAL HEALTH-RELATED KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDE, AND PRACTICE AMONG SCHOOL CHILDREN FROM RURAL AND URBAN AREAS OF. . . ResearchGate. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/343675615_ORAL_HEALTH-RELATED_KNOWLEDGE_ATTITUDE_AND_PRACTICE_AMONG_SCHOOL_CHILDREN_FROM_RURAL_AND_URBAN_AREAS_OF_DISTRICT_SHEIKHUPURA_PAKISTAN
- Chisnoiu, R. M., Delean, A. G., Muntean, A., Rotaru, D. I., Chisnoiu, A. M., & Cimpean, S. I. (2022). Oral Health-Related Knowledge, Attitude and Practice among Patients in Rural Areas around Cluj-Napoca, Romania. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(11), 6887. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116887
- De Abreu, M. H. N. G., Cruz, A. J. S., Borges-Oliveira, A. C., De Castro Martins, R., & De Freitas Mattos, F. (2021). Perspectives on social and environmental determinants of oral health. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(24), 13429. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182413429
- De Castilho, A. R. F., Mialhe, F. L., De Souza Barbosa, T., & Puppin-Rontani, R. M. (2013). Influence of family environment on children’s oral health: a systematic review. Jornal De Pediatria, 89(2), 116–123. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jped.2013.03.014
- Dotado-Maderazo, J. U., Viavian, J. J., & Reyes, B. (2014). Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Oral Health of Public School Children of Batangas City. Sia Pacific Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 2(4). https://oaji.net/articles/2014/1543-1418701568.pdf
- Elsabagh, Hala. (2018). Oral hygiene knowledge, attitude, practice and self-perception of personal dental appearance among majmaah university female student, KSA. Community Medicine. 1. 14-18. https://www.comedjournal.com/articles/4/1-1-14-887.pdf
- Emmanuel, A., & Chang’endo, E. (2010). Oral health related behaviour, knowledge, attitudes and beliefs among secondary school students in Iringa Municipality. Dar Es Salaam Medical Students Journal, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.4314/dmsj.v17i1.61341
- Farsi, N. J., Merdad, Y., Mirdad, M., Batweel, O., Badri, R., Alrefai, H., Alshahrani, S., Tayeb, R., & Farsi, J. (2020). Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors Among University Students in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Clinical, Cosmetic and Investigational Dentistry, Volume 12, 515–523. https://doi.org/10.2147/ccide.s272986
- Fernandes, S. C., De Sequeira Louceiro, A. F., Lopes, L. B., Esteves, F., & Arriaga, P. (2021). Children’s Attitudes and Behaviors about Oral Health and Dental Practices. Healthcare, 9(4), 416. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9040416
- Ghanem, E., AlGhanem, N. A., AlFaraj, Z. S., Alshayib, L. Y., AlGhanem, D. A., AlQudaihi, W. S., & AlGhanem, S. Z. (2023). Patient satisfaction with dental services. Cureus. https://doi.org/10.7759/cureus.49223
- Gholampour, S., Zoorazma, G., & Shakouri, E. (2016). Evaluating the effect of dental filling material and filling depth on the strength and deformation of filled teeth. DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals). https://doi.org/10.22038/jdmt.2016.7623
- Global Status Report on Oral Health 2022. (2022). World Health Organization. https://www.who.int/team/noncommunicable-diseases/global-status-report-on-oral-health-2022
- Gizaw, Z., Demissie, N. G., Gebrehiwot, M., Bitew, B. D., & Nigusie, A. (2024). Oral hygiene practices and associated factors among rural communities in northwest Ethiopia. BMC Oral Health, 24(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12903-024-04049-4
- Gracco, A., De Stefani, A., & Bruno, G. (2023). Influence of new technology in dental Care: A Public Health perspective. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 20(7), 5364. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph20075364
- Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Watt, R. G., Fuller, E., Steele, J. R., Shen, J., Morris, S., Wildman, J., & Tsakos, G. (2014). Socioeconomic position and subjective oral health: findings for the adult population in England, Wales and Northern Ireland. BMC Public Health, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-14-827
- Gya. (2024, January 5). Cosmetic, Preventive, restorative dentistry: the differences. Coastal Dental. https://www.coastaldental.com.au/cosmetic-dentistry-preventative-dentistry-restorative-dentistry-whats-the-difference/
- Halawany, H. S., Abraham, N. B., Jacob, V., & Al-Maflehi, N. (2014). The perceived concepts of oral health attitudes and behaviors of dental students from four Asian countries. The Saudi Journal for Dental Research, 6(2), 79–85. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sjdr.2014.09.002
- Hayes, A. (2014). Caries, Oral Health Knowledge, Behavior, and Barriers to care among a group of urban poor in the Philippines: an overview. International Journal of Prosthodontics and Restorative Dentistry, 4(2), 39–45. https://doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10019-1104
- Htang, E. (2019). A Study of Quality of Dental Care Service Factors Influencing Patient Satisfaction, Trust and Loyalty in Yangon, Myanmar. SearchLib. https://searchlib.utcc.ac.th/library/onlinethesis/305996.pdf
- Irusa, K., Alrahaem, I. A., Ngoc, C. N., & Donovan, T. E. (2022). Tooth whitening procedures: A narrative review. Dentistry Review, 2(3), 100055. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dentre.2022.100055
- Isailă, O., Pharmacy, B., & Hostiuc, S. (2019). Dental healthcare accessibility in underprivileged populations. Journal of Intercultural Management and Ethics, 2(4), 81–86. https://doi.org/10.35478/jime.2019.4.08
- Jurišić, S. (2021). Attitudes towards and habits in oral health of adolescents in Herzegovina. Acta Clinica Croatica. https://doi.org/10.20471/acc.2021.60.01.14
- Kamran, A., Bakhteyar, K., Heydari, H., Lotfi, A., & Heydari, Z. (2023). Survey of Oral Hygiene Behaviors, Knowledge and Attitude among School Children: A Cross-Sectional Study from Iran. International Journal of Health Sciences, 2(2), 83–95. https://core.ac.uk/download/pdf/31037284.pdf
- Kandasamy, G., & Almeleebia, T. (2023). Assessment of Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviours among University Students in the Asir Region—Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study. Healthcare, 11(23), 3100. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare11233100
- Knorst, J. K., Sfreddo, C. S., De Figueiredo Meira, G., Zanatta, F. B., Vettore, M. V., & Ardenghi, T. M. (2020). Socioeconomic status and oral health‐related quality of life: A systematic review and meta‐analysis. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology, 49(2), 95–102. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12616
- Lewis, C. (2014). Fluoride and dental caries prevention in children. Pediatrics in Review, 35(1), 3–15. https://doi.org/10.1542/pir.35-1-3
- Mendoza, M. a. F., Zarsuelo, M. M., Estacio, L. R., & Silva, M. E. C. (2020). Examining the Oral Health of Filipinos: Policy analysis. Acta Medica Philippina, 54(6). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.v54i6.2590
- Monteiro, C. N., Beenackers, M. A., Goldbaum, M., De Azevedo Barros, M. B., Gianini, R. J., Cesar, C. L. G., & Mackenbach, J. P. (2016). Socioeconomic inequalities in dental health services in Sao Paulo, Brazil, 2003–2008. BMC Health Services Research, 16(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12913-016-1928-y
- Oliveros-Villarico, M., Flores, K., De Guzman, J., Manrique, A., Millo, G., & Estrera, K. (2023). Pediatrician Knowledge, Attitude and Practices on Children’s Oral health in a tertiary public hospital in the Philippines: a descriptive study. Acta Medica Philippina, 57(7). https://doi.org/10.47895/amp.vi0.5323
- Oral health conditions. (2023). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. https://www.cdc.gov/oralhealth/conditions/index.html
- Peres, M. A., Macpherson, L. M. D., Weyant, R. J., Daly, B., Venturelli, R., Mathur, M. R., Listl, S., Celeste, R. K., Guarnizo-Herreño, C. C., Kearns, C., Benzian, H., Allison, P., & Watt, R. G. (2019). Oral diseases: a global public health challenge. The Lancet, 394(10194), 249–260. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0140-6736(19)31146-8
- Preventive Dentistry: What is Preventive Dental Care? | Cigna Healthcare. (2024). https://www.cigna.com/knowledge-center/what-is-preventive-dentistry
- Poutanen, R., Lahti, S., Tolvanen, M., & Hausen, H. (2007). Gender differences in child-related and parent-related determinants of oral health-related lifestyle among 11- to 12-year-old Finnish schoolchildren. Acta Odontologica Scandinavica, 65(4), 194–200. https://doi.org/10.1080/00016350701308356
- Ravindranath, N. S., & Manikyam, A. (2014). Public attitude towards dentists and dental services in Bangalore city, India. Journal of Indian Association of Public Health Dentistry, 12(2), 100. https://doi.org/10.4103/2319-5932.140264
- Restorative Dentistry: What It Is, Types & Procedures (2022). Restorative dentistry. Cleveland Clinic. https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/10924-dental-restorations
- Riad, A., Buchbender, M., Howaldt, H., Klugar, M., Krsek, M., & Attia, S. (2022). Oral Health Knowledge, Attitudes, and Behaviors (KAB) of German Dental Students: Descriptive Cross-Sectional Study. Frontiers in Medicine, 9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2022.852660
- Selvaraj, S., Naing, N. N., Wan-Arfah, N., & De Abreu, M. H. N. G. (2021). Assessment on Oral Health Knowledge, Attitude, and Behaviour and its Association with Sociodemographic and Habitual Factors of South Indian Population. Pesquisa Brasileira Em Odontopediatria E Clínica Integrada, 21. https://doi.org/10.1590/pboci.2021.159
- Srivastava, R., Tangade, P., & Priyadarshi, S. (2023). Transforming public health dentistry: Exploring the digital foothold for improved oral healthcare. International Dental Journal of Student’s Research, 11(2), 61–67. https://doi.org/10.18231/j.idjsr.2023.013
- Su, S., Lipsky, M. S., Licari, F. W., & Hung, M. (2022). Comparing oral health behaviours of men and women in the United States. Journal of Dentistry, 122, 104157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdent.2022.104157
- Tada, S., Lee, G. K. Y., & Tay, C. M. (2023). Addressing the overlooked: Integrating oral healthcare in a geriatric care system: Insights from Singapore. Community Dentistry and Oral Epidemiology. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdoe.12932
- Tadin, A., Guberina, R. P., Domazet, J., & Gavic, L. (2022). Oral Hygiene Practices and Oral Health Knowledge among Students in Split, Croatia. Healthcare, 10(2), 406. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10020406
- Tanbakuchi, B., Amiri, M., & Valizadeh, S. (2018). Level of satisfaction of patients with dental care services provided by Dental Clinic of Shahrekord University. International Journal of Epidemiologic Research, 5(4), 123–127. https://doi.org/10.15171/ijer.2018.26
- Tefera, A., Girma, B., Adane, A., Muche, A., Ayele, T. A., Getahun, K. A., Aniley, Z., Ali, S., & Handebo, S. (2023b). Oral health-related quality of life and oral hygiene status among special need school students in amhara region, Ethiopia. Health and Quality of Life Outcomes, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12955-023-02110-4
- Yildiz, S., & Dogan, B. (n.d.). Self Reported Dental Health Attitudes and Behaviour of Dental Students in Turkey. PubMed Central, 5(3), 253–259. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3137437/