HomePsychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journalvol. 33 no. 1 (2025)

Experimental Studies Enhancing the English Proficiency of College Students: A Meta Analysis

Marie Ann Park

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This research study aims to review ten experimental studies, published between 2015-2024, using teaching and learning intervention to enhance the English Proficiency of College students. It is used to combine the results of multiple studies on English proficiency of college students in TOEIC scores allowing to draw a broader conclusion based on a larger pool of data. Each study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of an intervention in enhancing English proficiency of college students. It also determined which interventions work best across different contexts or student population. Meta- analysis was used since there are lots of studies employing teaching or learning interventions to enhance English proficiency of college students. This study synthesizes findings from the multiple studies to provide insights into the overall impact of teaching and learning intervention through TOEIC test results and the effect size of each study and the overall study. The findings revealed that the interventions implemented enhanced the English proficiency or the TOEIC scores of the college students were effective as the scores in the posttests were significantly higher than the pretest. The effect sizes were also significant revealing that the interventions using technology, technology, modules and cooperative learning were effective in enhancing the student’s English proficiency.



References:

  1. Asio, H. &, Quijano, M. , 2023, English Proficiency and Academic Performance of College Students., INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS ISSN.,Volume 06 Issue 03 March 2023
  2. Ayako,N. (2019) studies on the “Use and Effects of an Online Text-to-Speech Resource to Improve English Listening for the TOEIC  Test”, Journal of Tourism Studies(18) 115 2019/03https://ris.toyo.ac.jp/profile/en.a733ec80eaf7d9f8b68d30 1fa8bdc
  3. Boni Saputra & Rionaldi(2022),‘Improving Students’ TOEIC Score through Cooperative  Learningin“SekolahTOEIC”,.http://ir.meiho.edu.tw/bitstream/987654321/1149/1/ TOEIC
  4. Borenstein et al., (2009). An Introduction to Meta-Analysis Borenstein, M., Hedges, L., Higgins, J.&Rothstein,H.(2009).An Introduction to Meta- Analysis. Introduction to Meta-Analysis. 19. 10.1002/9780470743386.
  5. Caiga,B. (2022).TOEIC Results and Lexile Level Equivalency: Basis for English Proficiency Intervention Program,Asia Pacific  Journal of Educational Perspective, Vol. 9, No. 1, May 2022
  6. Canale, M. and Swain, M. 1980. Theoretical bases of communicative approaches to second language teaching and testing. Applied Linguistics 1 (1), 1-47.
  7. Chen, M. A. and Hwang,G. (2020)“Effects of a concept mapping‐based flipped Learning approach on EFL students’ English speaking  performance, critical thinking awareness and speaking anxiety,” British Journal of Educational Technology, vol. 51, no. 3, pp.817– 834, 2020
  8. Cheong, K., Hill, C., Fernandez-Chung, R., & Leong, Y. (2015). Employing the ‘unemployable’: employer perceptions of Malaysian  graduates. Studies In HigherEducation,41(12),22532270.https://doi.org/10.1080/03075079.2015.10342 60citizenship. Language and Intercultural Communication, 7(1), 72–90.
  9. Clark, M. (2013). The use of technology to support vocabulary development of English LanguageLearners.
  10. Clement,A. and Murugavel,T.(2018) “English for the workplace: The importance of English language skills for effective performance,” The English Classroom, vol. 20, no. 1, pp.1–15.
  11. Cormier,D.R. (2021) “Assessing preservice teachers’ cultural competence with the cultural proficiency continuum Q-sort,”  Educational Researcher, vol. 50, no. 1, pp. 17–29, 2021.
  12. Cumming, (2012). The New Statistics – Effect Sizes, Confidence Intervals, and Meta- Analysis
  13. Damayanti L. & Gafur, A.(2020) English Proficiency of Students at Politeknik Negeri Balikpapan Based on TOEIC.TEKNOSASTIK  Volume 18 (1), 2020
  14. Devasia, S. (2024, March 17). International business communication – What languages should you know to be effective? Robert  Kennedy College. https://tinyurl.com/28h34c2r
  15. Educational Testing Service. (2015a). Examinee handbook – Listening & reading.  Retrievedfromwww.ets.org/Media/Tests/TOEIC/pdf/TOEIC_LR_examinee_hand book.pdf.
  16. Educational Testing Service. (2015b). Sample questions of reading comprehension. Retrieved from  http://exam.ybmnet.co.kr/toeic/info/sample_rc5.asp
  17. Ekola, T. (2016). English language needs and language proficiency of academic professionals as a basis for developing language  training: A case study of environmentalresearchers.https://jyx.jyu.fi/bitstream/handle/123456789/53038/1/
  18. Guilherme, M. (2007). English as a global language and education for cosmopolitan Hamid, M., Islam, R., & Hazilah, A. (2014).  Malaysian graduates’ employability skills Hanapi, Z., & Nordin, M. (2014). Unemployment among Malaysia Graduates: Graduates’ Attributes, Lecturers’ Competency and Quality of Education. Procedia-Social and Behavioral Sciences, 11(2), 1056-1063.  https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1269
  19. Harley et al. (1990). The development of second language proficiency. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.  https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9781139524568
  20. Hattice and Seyfettin, (2020). Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge: A Review of Mathematics Education Literature Hymes, D. (1974). Foundations on linguistics: An ethnographic approach. Philadelphia: University of Pennsylvania Press
  21. Imelda L. An, (2021), Test of English for International Communication (TOEIC) Scores as Inputs to English Proficiency Intervention  Program, Pacific Journal of Education Perspective Vol. 8 No. 2.
  22. Jaya & Suparman, (2021). The Use of CABRI Software in Mathematics Learning for Cultivating Geometrical Conceptual  Understanding: A Meta-Analysis
  23. Juandi, Kusumah, Tamur, Perbowo, & Tanu, (2021). A Meta-analysis of Geogebra software decade of assisted of mathematics learning What to learn and where to go.
  24. Lan, Y.-J. (2020). Immersion into virtual reality for language learning. In Psychology of Language Acquisition, 34(3), 379– 413.learning and motivation (Vol. 72, pp. 1– 26). Elsevier
  25. Li, C., & Haggard, S. (2011). A Study of Fostering Technical College Students' English Proficiency through a TOEIC Training Course
  26. Llurda, E. (2000). On competence, proficiency, and communicative language ability. International Journal of Applied Linguistics,  10(1), 85-96. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1473-4192.2000.tb00141.x
  27. Martin, K. I., & Ellis, N. C. (2012). The roles of phonological short-term memory and
  28. Maulina,J. et al. (2021). Technology-based Media used in Teaching listening skill,  https://www.researchgate.net/publication/361023109
  29. Morallo, A. (2018). Filipino graduates’ English skills lower than target for cab drivers in Dubai, studysays. https://www.philstar.com/headlines/2018/02/08/1785840/filipino
  30. Nanik Sri Retnaningsih.(2011)Improving Students’ Toeic Score Through Cooperative Learning(an Action Research at Grade Twelve  of SMK Negeri 1 Wonogiri in AcademicYear2010/2011) https://digilib.uns.ac.id/dokumen/detail/19252/
  31. Patel, D. S. Significance of Technology Enhanced Language Learning (TELL) in Language Classes. Journals of Technology for ELT,  7. (2017)
  32. Powers, D. E., & Yan, F. (2013). TOEIC Bridge™ Scores: Validity Evidence From Korea and Japan. The research foundation for the  TOEIC tests: A compendium of studies: Volume II, 5-0
  33. Powers, D.E. and Powers,A.,(2015). “The incremental contribution of TOEIC® Listening, Reading, Speaking, and Writing tests to predicting performance on real-life English language tasks,” Language Testing, vol. 32, no. 2, pp. 151–167, 2015
  34. Priya, C. (2012). The Role of English Language in Human Resource Management and Employability. International Journal Of  Scientific Research, 3(4), 143-144. https://doi.org/10.15373/22778179/APR2014/218
  35. Rakes, C.R.; Ronau, R.N.; Bush, S.B.; Driskell, S.O.; Niess, M.L.; Pugalee, D.K. Mathematics achievement and orientation: A  systematic review and meta- analysis of education technology. Educ. Res. Rev. 2020, 31, 100337.
  36. Rionaldi., Saputra, Boni. 2019. Improving Students’ Toefl-Like Score Through Student Team Achievement Division (STAD).  Inovish Journal Vol 4, No 1 (2019
  37. Robles, M. (2012). Executive Perceptions of the Top 10 Soft Skills Needed in Today’s Workplace. Business Communication Quarterly,  75(4), 453-465. https://doi.org/10.1177/1080569912460400
  38. Rosetta Stone For Enterprise. (2024, May 16). 9 top languages to learn for international
  39. Santos, R. & Salonga, C. & Urian, L. (2023). Effectiveness of an Online Intervention Program in Enhancing the TOEIC Scores of  Students, International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Publications (IJMRAP), Volume 6, Issue 1, pp. 67-70, 2023UST_20110421.pdf
  40. Sibaroni, Yuliant. 2011. Klasifikasi Skor Kompetensi Bahasa Inggris untuk Penentuan Jenis dan Jumlah Mata Kuliah Bahasa Inggris  (Studi Kasus IT Telkom). Prosiding SnaPP 2011: Sosial, Ekonomi, dan Humaniora
  41. Sinaga, R.R. and Pustika,R.,(2021). “Exploring STUDENTS’ATTITUDE towards English online learning using moodle during  COVID-19 pandemic at smk yadika bandarlampung,” Journal of English Language Teaching and Learning, vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 8– 15, 2021.
  42. Thacker, S, & Stroup, D, (2017). Evaluating the Effects of Professional Development on Urban Mathematics Teachers TPACK Using  Confidence Intervals
  43. Toomnan, P. (2015). The language learning strategies of Thai students: a case study of Nong Khai, northeast of Thailand.  International Journal of Interdisciplinary Social Science Studies, 3(1), 4–13. Retrieved from https://goo.gl/ju3C3Z
  44. Vygotsky, L. S. (1978). Mind in society: Development of higher psychological processes. Harvard university pressworking memory  in L2 grammar and vocabulary learning. Studies in Second