Home⇛Psychology and Education: A Multidisciplinary Journal⇛vol. 49 no. 8 (2025)

Training Design for Enhancing Teachers' Awareness in Teaching El Filibusterismo

Delia Delos Santos-galang | Melodena Corbo-brazil

Discipline: Education

 

Abstract:

This study aimed to develop a training program design for teachers handling El Filibusterismo in the General Santos City North District, Division of General Santos. The researcher employed an explanatory sequential mixed-method design and a Research and Development (R&D) approach. A survey questionnaire was used to gather quantitative data, while an interview guide was utilized for the qualitative phase. Fourteen teachers participated in the study, and from this group, five were selected through purposive sampling for the interview. Weighted mean and thematic analysis were applied in analyzing the data. Findings revealed that teachers had a high level of awareness of curriculum implementation in teaching the novel; however, they encountered difficulties during implementation, particularly in understanding the competencies, and faced various challenges in teaching the text. These findings highlighted the need to develop a training program design grounded in the study's results to address the challenges teachers face in teaching the novel. Validation results showed that the developed training design received a very high rating for content, appropriateness, and usability, indicating it is acceptable and recommended for use.



References:

  1. Abenes, R., Malabanan, J., Payapaya, R., & Palting, J., Villanueva, V. (2023). Pagbuo ng lunsarang aralin at gawain sa ugnayang wika't lipunan bilang interbensiyon sa bagong kadaluyan sa antas primarya. The Normal Lights.
  2. Abrigo, M. R. M. (2024, June 18). Ulat hinggil sa pagkawala ng 53 araw ng pagtuturo sa School Year 2023–2024. Philippine Institute for Development Studies (PIDS) at Second Congressional Commission on Education (EDCOM 2). https://edcom2.gov.ph/53-teaching-days-lost-in-sy-2023-2024-edcom-2-pids
  3. Agoncillo Jr, R. B. (2024). Hugnayang kognitibo: Pagtatala at pagsusuri sa proseso ng pagbuo ng kagamitang panturo sa Filipino gamit ang instruksiyon sa telebisyon-DepEd TV.
  4. Aguilar Jr, F. V., Benitez, C. J. R., & Macapagal, M. E. J. (2022). RELATIONAL NATION The Appreciation of Characters in Rizal's Noli me tángere in Two Philippine Public High Schools.
  5. Almirante, M.B. (2024). Sanayang Aklat sa Pagtuturo ng Panitikan gamit ang Pasalindilang Alamat ng Lebakenos. Post Graduate Thesis. Holy Trinity College of General Santos.
  6. Al-Mosawi, A. J. (2023). Advisor and expert trainer, the National Training and Development Center of the Iraqi Ministry of Health, member of the advisory council of the International Association of Medical Colleges. Journal of Hospital and Clinical Management, 2(1).
  7. Amaral, G., & Mclay, K. (2024). MOVING FORWARD: Refining Global Education through Curricula Innovation.
  8. Anantadjaya, S. P., Nawangwulan, I. M., Cakranegara, P. A., Sinlae, A. A. J., & Arifin. (2023). Development application of national curriculum-based learning outcome assessment. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 23(2).
  9. Ancho, I. V., & Arrieta, G. S. (2021). Filipino teacher professional development.
  10. Asuncion, R. J. A. (2023). Mga kabataan sa bagong lipunan ng Pilipinas. Journal of Philippine History and Heritage.
  11. Blanchard, P. N., & Thacker, J. W. (2023). Effective training: Systems, strategies, and practices. SAGE Publications.
  12. Braun, V., & Clarke, V. (2006). Using thematic analysis in psychology. Qualitative research in psychology, 3(2), 77–101.
  13. Dabalos, J. (2024). Pagsusuring pangnilalaman ng nobelang El Filibusterismo: Mungkahing gabay ng pagtuturo. UB Advancing Filipino Research Journal, 2(1), 40–53.
  14. David, L., & Weinstein, N. (2024). Using technology to make learning fun: Technology use is best made fun and challenging to optimize intrinsic motivation and engagement. European Journal of Psychology of Education, 39(2), 1441–1463.
  15. Data Privacy Act 10173. (2012). Republic Act No. 10173 – Data Privacy Act of 2012. OfficialGazette. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph/2012/08/15/republic-act-no-10173
  16. De Guzman, J. A., & Abagon, B. S. (2021). Kakayahan ng mga guro sa pagtuturo at pagkatuto ng mga magaaral sa asignaturang filipino ng senior high school. American Journal of Humanities and Social Sciences Research (AJHSSR), 5(1), 125–137.
  17. Degollado, M. A. C. (2023). Kabisaan ng e-komiks sa pagtuturo ng nobelang El Filibusterismo. InstaBright Gazette, 2(3).
  18. Dela Peña, J. M. (2023). Integrasyon ng edukasyong gender sa pagtuturo ng Filipino. EPRA International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research. http://eprajournals.net/index.php/IJMR/article/view/14
  19. Demapendan, J. P. C. (2024). Exploring the education mismatch: Phenomenological study of technology and livelihood education (TLE) teachers assigned outside specialization. Indonesian Journal of Education Research (IJoER), 5(6), 243–253.
  20. Department of Education. (2003). DepEd Order No. 037, s. 2003: Revised implementing guidelines of the curriculum effective school year 2003–2004. https://www.deped.gov.ph
  21. Department of Education. (2020). Deped order no. 89, s. 2020. Clarification of the use of Most Essential Learning Competencies (MELCs). Department of Education. https://www.depeddasma.edu.ph 
  22. Department of Education. (2024). DepEd Order No. 010, s. 2024: Policy guidelines on the implementation of the MATATAG Curriculum. https://www.deped.gov.ph
  23. Department of Education. (2024). DepEd Order No. 012, s. 2024: Amendment to DepEd Order No. 010, s. 2024. https://www.deped.gov.ph
  24. Del Mundo, A. (2022). Oras at panitikan: Pagsusuri sa pagtuturo ng El Filibusterismo. Pambansang Pananaliksik sa Wika at Panitikan, 10(2), 45–60.
  25. Fan, Z., Sun, H., Wang, L., Zhu, M., & Peng, T. (2022). Team idiosyncratic deals and team breakthrough innovation: Based on the perspective of input-process-output model. Frontiers in Psychology, 13, 974569.
  26. Faudi, F., Nirwan, N., Isra, R., & AG, B. (2024). Qualitative descriptive research: Integrating inquiry-based learning into elementary school English instruction. Getsempena English Education Journal, 11(1), 15.
  27. Febriani, R. B., Rukmini, D., Mujiyanto, J., & Yuliasri, I. (2022). Lecturers' perception on the implementation of approaches to teaching literature in EFL classrooms. Studies in English Language and Education, 9(1), 349–360.
  28. Gaddi, J. A. G. (2024). Implementasyon ng pagtuturo ng DepEd Most Essential Competencies (MELCs) sa Filipino 10 ng mga guro sa mga paaralang sekondarya ng Surigao City: Isang pagtatasa. ResearchGate.
  29. Generalao, I. N. A., Lorenzo, P. J. M., Eñate, C. J. F., Dumalaog, F. C. G., Ocbina, J. J. S., Librero, K. R., & Orbeta, A. C. (2024). An assessment of the enterprise-based training modality in the Philippines: Barrier's incentives, and policy gaps.
  30. Hernando, J., Cabudbud, G. F., Mangente, R., & Perez, J. (2023). Epekto ng kakayahan sa pagtuturo ng kaganyakan ng mga mag-aaral sa pag-aaral ng asignaturang Filipino dulot ng pandemya. Tinublan, 16(1), 48–74.
  31. Ismun, H., Tulawie, A., & Asiri, M. (2024). Istadong kagamitang pampagkatuto sa asignaturang Filipino ng mga mag–aaral sa mataas na paaralan ng Capual, Omar, Sulu. Journal of Education and Academic Settings, 1(1), 1–14.
  32. Jones, R. (2024). The importance of training design in employee training. https://www.trainingfolks.com
  33. Kalyani, L. K. (2024). The role of technology in education: Enhancing learning outcomes and 21st-century skills. International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology, 3(4), 05–10.
  34. Kazungula Samuel, J. (2024). The role of extracurricular activities in student development. Eurasian Experiment Journal of Humanities and Social Science, 5(2), 26–30.
  35. Kaowiwattanakul, S. (2021). CEFR Based Learning Approach: Using Literature to Enhance EFL Students' Reading Skills and Critical Thinking Skills. English Language Teaching, 14(11), 66–79.
  36. Kumar, B. A., & Chand, S. S. (2024). Design and validation of a usability evaluation questionnaire (UEQ) for mobile learning applications. Interactive Technology and Smart Education, 21(3), 426–441.
  37. Lewis, J. R., & Sauro, J. (2021). Usability and user experience: Design and evaluation. In Handbook of Human Factors and Ergonomics (972–1015).
  38. Lomocho, J. A. (2022). Kasanayan sa sulating journalistiko ng mga mag-aaral ng Hilagang Distrito ng Lungsod ng Heneral Santos: Batayan sa pagbuo ng treyning program. Holy Trinity College of General Santos.
  39. Luciano, R. G., Nabong, R. G., & Manuel, M. B. (2024). Innovative solutions: Design and implementation of an advanced national service training program (NSTP) portal for state universities and colleges in the Philippines. International Journal of Advanced and Applied Sciences, 11(7), 115–123.
  40. Majestrado, J. L. (2021). Sulating pagsasanay sa gramatika para sa Grade 11. Postgraduate thesis. Holy Trinity College of General Santos City.
  41. Map_of_the Philippines. (n.d.). Map of the Philippines. Wikimedia Commons. https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Map_of_the_Philippines.pn.g
  42. Martin, L. J., Jonas, A., & Millsaps, B. (2023). The Lens of Civic Identity: A Developmental Model for Undergraduate Education. Michigan Journal of Community Service Learning, 29(2).
  43. Mejellano, U. N. (2022). Kasanayan sa pagsulat ng mga mag-aaral sa ikawalong baitang ng Bawing National High School: Batayan ng pagbuo ng enrichment module Postgraduate thesis. Holy Trinity College of General Santos City.
  44. Melissa, R. (2022). Investigating teacher's techniques in the use of cognitive literature classes: The case of the Department of English at MMUTO (Doctoral dissertation, University of Tizi-Ouzou).
  45. Munna, A. S., & Kalam, M. A. (2021). Teaching and learning process to enhance teaching effectiveness: A literature review. International Journal of Humanities and Innovation (IJHI), 4(1), 1–4.
  46. Nahid, S., Muzaffar, N., & Abbas, M. (2023). Impact of teachers' motivation on students' performance. Global Educational Studies Review, 8(2), 444–453.
  47. National Book Development Board. (2023). Annual report on reading literacy and literary access in public schools. NBDB. https://www.nbdb.gov.ph
  48. Nawi, N. S. M., & Nor, N. A. A. M. N. (2023). The Challenges in the Teaching of English Literature: A systematic review. Journey: Journal of English Language and Pedagogy, 6(1), 130–147.
  49. Nkundabakura, P., Nsengimana, T., Uwamariya, E., Nyirahabimana, P., Nkurunziza, J. B., Mukamwambali, C., ... & Ndihokubwayo, K. (2024). Contribution of continuous professional development (CPD) training programs on Rwandan secondary school mathematics and science teachers' pedagogical, technological, and content knowledge. Education and Information Technologies, 29(4), 4969–4999.
  50. Nourhach, I. (2022). Internship: Investigating the impact of lesson delivery on teacher talking time and student talking time (Doctoral dissertation).
  51. Orobia, J. A. A. (2022). Pag-unlad ng interes sa Filipino gamit ang modified video-assisted discussion (MVAD) sa birtuwal na espasyon sa bagong normal. Asia Pacific Journal of Social and Behavioral Sciences, 20.
  52. Pagcanlungan, M. G. H. (2021). Paksa: Pagtuturo ng wika at panitikang Pilipino sa panahon ng pandemya. La Consolacion University Philippines.
  53. Panding, J. L. (2023). Kontekstuwalisadong kagamitan sa Pagtuturo ng wika gamit ang pagsasalin-salin kuwentong-bayan sa pagpapayukan ng Tantangan. Holy Trinity College of General Santos. Di-Nalathalang Thesis.
  54. Piaget, J. (1986). Piaget's theory of cognitive development. https://en.m.wikipedia.org
  55. Plania, D. T., Mabato, E. O., San Agustin, H. C., Bacos, I. O., & Domulot, Z. M. S. (2024). Validation of an enhanced performance appraisal policy for higher education institutions. Ascendens Asia Singapore – Bestlink College of the Philippines Journal of Multidisciplinary Research, 3(1A).
  56. Prasetyono, H., Abdillah, A., Djuhartono, T., Ramdayana, I. P., & Desnaranti L. (2021). Improvement of teacher's professional competency in strengthening learning methods to maximize curriculum implementation. International Journal of Evaluation and Research in Education, 10(2), 72.
  57. Republic Act No. 10533. (2013). Enhanced Basic Education Act of 2013. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph
  58. Republic Act No. 1425. (1956). Rizal Law. https://www.officialgazette.gov.ph
  59. Reyes, J., & Manalo, K. (2021). Epekto ng oras sa kasanayang pampanitikan ng mga mag-aaral. Journal of Language Education and Policy Studies, 5(2), 102–115.
  60. Sestoso, M. B., Gerona, M. F. A., Alasa, J. R. D., Reyes, M. Q., & Padillo, G. G. (2023). Experiences of parents and teachers in teaching reading fluency among learners in distance education. Journal for ReAttach Therapy and Developmental Diversities, 6(9s), 1332–1339.
  61. Spann, H., & Wagner, T. (2023). Reading habits and attitudes in first-year EFL student teachers and their implications for literature course design in an Austrian study programmed. Language, Culture and Curriculum, 36(2), 2–4.
  62. Swargiary, K. (2024). Exploring the Role of Virtual Reality in India's Education System: A Review of Current Applications and Future Prospects.
  63. Thompson, C. S. (2024). The Influence of Teacher Training Pathways on Technological Pedagogical and Content Knowledge (TPACK) Levels. Trevecca Nazarene University.
  64. Thornberg, R., Forsberg, C., Hammar Chiriac, E., & Bjereld, Y. (2022). Teacher–student relationship quality and student engagement: A sequential explanatory mixed-methods study. Research Papers in Education, 37(6), 840–859.
  65. Thummaphan, P., Sripa, K., & Prakobthong, W. (2022). Competency-based school curriculum: A development and implementation framework. Community and Social Development Journal, 23(3), 185–205.
  66. Tugano, A. C. (2021). Ang Noli Me Tangere at El Filibusterismo ni Jose Rizal bilang mga post-kolonyal na babasahin: Isang paglalarawan sa umuusbong na kultura ng pagtuturo at pagkatuto sa mga piling paaralan sa Lungsod ng Marikina, Metro Manila. Kawing Journal, 5(1), 11–54.
  67. Ukat, J. A., & Ismail, H. H. (2022). Teaching literature in Malaysian English classrooms: A review on its challenges and opportunities. International Journal Of Academic Research In Business And Social Sciences, 12(11), 1991–2004.
  68. Umar, F. A. (2021). Literature and its learning in the perspective of curriculum development history. TRANS-KATA: Journal of Language, Literature, Culture and Education, 1(2), 77–90.
  69. Villanueva, E. P., & Caalim, J. (2024). Development and validation of a questionnaire to assess students' perception of hyflex learning modality. Recoletos Multidisciplinary Research Journal, 12(2), 43–60.
  70. Wutich, A., Beresford, M., & Bernard, H. R. (2024). Sample sizes for 10 types of qualitative data analysis: An integrative review, empirical guidance, and next steps. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 23.

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic