Home⇛UE Research Bulletin⇛vol. 24 no. 1 (2022)

A Critical Discourse Analysis of the Kidapawan Massacre New Coverage

Julius Cesar R. Pascual

Discipline: media studies

 

Abstract:

This study explored the representations of People-Centered Development (PCD) in the Kidapawan Massacre coverage from the selected Philippine print and broadcast media. Specifically, this examined how media presented these farmers and indigenous peoples (i.e., Lumad)-related massacres within the context of social development. This researcher employed van Dijk’s (1998) Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA) of selected twenty-seven (27) tabloid news articles, two (2) television documentaries, and one (1) radio and television news coverage of the stories of conflict between the oppressed and marginalized sector of the society and the government. This research led to the way of thinking that because of the latter’s inaction and the media’s neoliberal-capitalistic ideology, the former’s plight was overlooked and silenced. In this elite-dominated Philippine society as well as in the Asia-Pacific, representations of profit-centered development are more hegemonic compared to its counterpart that was relatively muted. Hence, the conceptualization of Communication and Social Development (CSD) as an alternative model can further be explored in the context of modern times amidst the COVID-19 pandemic.



References:

  1. Adaza, H. (2016, April 6). The Kidapawan massacre and the need for revolution. The Manila Times. http://www.manilatimes.net/the-kidapawan-massacre-and-the-need-for-revolution/254542/  
  2. Araullo, C.P. (2016a, April 5). Bigas hindi bala. Bulatlat. http://bulatlat.com/main/2016/04/05/bigashindibala/ 
  3. Araullo, C.P. (2016b, April 16). Whitewashing the Kidapawan massacre. Bulatlat. http://bulatlat.com/main/2016/04/16/whitewashing-the-kidapawan-massacre/
  4. Asia-Pacific Network for Food Sovereignty (APNFS). (2016). Justice for all Filipino farmers: A statement on the Kidapawan massacre and the state's abandonment of agriculture. http://regenerationinternational.org/ 2016/04/15/justice-for-all-filipino-farmers-a-statement-on-the-kidapawan-massacre-and-the-states-abandonment-of-agriculture/
  5. Beltran, C. (2016, April 4). Curse of the haciendero presidents. The Philippine Star. http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/04/04/1569196/curse-haciendero-presidents
  6. Cable News Network (CNN). (2016). Timeline: Kidapawan violence. http://cnnphilippines.com/news/2016/04/07/timeline-kidapawan-violence.html 
  7. Cardoso, F. H. (1972). Dependency and Development in Latin America. Roberts, J.T. & Hite, A. (Eds.) 2000. From Modernization to Globalization: Perspectives on Development and Social Change. Oxford: Blackwell.
  8. Center for Media Freedom and Responsibility (CMFR). (2016). Reporting the Kidapawan clash: Lots of questions. http://cmfr-phil.org/media-ethics-responsibility/journalism-review/reporting-the-kidapawan-clash-lots-of-questions/ 
  9. Cruz, O.V. (2016, April 7). Empty stomach has no ears. The Daily Tribune. http://www.tribune.net.ph/commentary/empty-stomach-has-no-ears
  10. Escobar, A. (1995). Encountering development: The making and unmaking of the third world. New Jersey: Princeton University Press. 
  11. Fairclough, N. (1995). Media discourses. London: Edward Arnold.
  12. Gong, Q., & Le Billon, P. (2014). Feeding (On) geopolitical anxieties: Asian appetites, news media framing, and the 2007–2008 food crisis. Geopolitics, 19, 291-321.https://doi: 10.1080/14650045.2014.89678        
  13. Iannarino, N. T., Veil, S. R., & Cotton III, A. J. (2015). Bringing home the crisis: How US evening news framed the 2011 Japan nuclear crisis. Journal of Contingencies and Crisis Management, 23(3), 169-182. https://doi: 10.1111/1468-5973.12068
  14. KhosraviNik, M. (2010). The representation of refugees, asylum seekers and immigrants in British newspapers: A critical discourse analysis. Journal of Language and Politics, 9(1), 1-28. https://doi: 10.1177/0957926509104024  
  15. Korten, D.C. (1984). People-centered development: Toward a framework. In D.C. Korten, & R. Klauss (Eds.), People-centered development: Contribution toward theory and planning frameworks (pp. 299-309). Connecticut: Kumarian Press. 
  16. Kovach, B., & Rosenstiel, T. (2014). The elements of journalism: What newspeople should know and the public should expect (3rd ed.). United States: Three Rivers Press.
  17. Kress, N. (2011). Multimodal discourse analysis. The Routledge Handbook of Discourse Analysis.
  18. Llamoso-Compendio, L. (2016). Buwis Butil. Kidapawan City, Philippines: GMA 7-I-Witness.  
  19. Locsin, Jr., T. (2016, April 5). Dying to eat. Business Mirror. http://www.businessmirro.com.ph/dying-to-eat/  
  20. Malabonga, R. L., & Pangilinan, R. M. (2013). Covering the uncovered: A critical discourse analysis on mainstream and alternative news coverage of the Araneta's land grabbing issue against the Tungkong Mangga farmers. http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/flipbooks/Coveringth2128/#/1  
  21. Maslog, C. C. (Ed.) (2014). Philippine communication in the digital age. Quezon City: New Day Publishers.     
  22. McLeod, D. (2007). News coverage and social protest: How the media's protect paradigm exacerbates social conflict. Journal of Dispute Resolution, 12(1). http://scholarship.law. missouri.edu/jdr/vol2007/iss1/12  
  23. Morris, C., & Evans, N. (2001). 'Cheese makers are always women': Gendered representations of farm life in the agricultural press. Gender, Place and Culture, 8(4), 375-390. https://doi: 10.1080/09663690120111618  
  24. Mulligan, K., & Habel, P. (2011). An experimental test of the effects of fictional framing on attitudes. Social Science Quarterly, 92(1), 79-99. https://doi: 10.1111/j.1540-6237.2011.00758.x 
  25. Nussbaum, M. C. (2011).  Creating capabilities – The human development approach. Cambridge: Harvard University Press.
  26. Oliveros, B. (2016, April 15). On the Kidapawan massacre and 'daang matuwid'. Bulatlat. https://www.bulatlat.com/2016/04/15/on-the-kidapawan-massacre-and-daang-matuwid/
  27. Orense, J. (2016). Binhi. Kidapawan City, Philippines: News 5-  Kaya.  
  28. Pamintuan, A. (2016, April 4). Provocative. The Philippine Star. http://www.philstar.com/opinion/2016/04/04/1569193/provocative
  29. Pamment, J. (2015). Media influence, ontological transformation, and social change: Conceptual overlaps between development communication and public diplomacy. Communication Theory, 25, 188-207. https://doi.org/10.1111/comt.12064                                    
  30. Peet, R., & Hartwick, E. (2009). Theories of development (Contentions, arguments, alternatives). New York: Guilford Press.
  31. Quinones, B. R. Jr. (2012). Rediscovering solidarity economy. Paper presented at the Asian Solidarity Economy Forum (ASEF) Philippines.
  32. Raymundo, S. (2016, April 17). Not only drought. Bulatlat. http://bulatlat.com/main/2016/04/17/not-only-drought/  
  33. Rivera, K. V. (2016). 4Ps education 4poor? A critical discourse analysis on beneficiary and government communication practices on the value of education. http://iskwiki.upd.edu.ph/flipbook/viewer/?fb=2011-32016-Rivera-K#page-1    
  34. Rotaru, I. (2016). The role of media in structuring the social representations of Romanian immigrants in Germany, Journal of Media Research, 1(24). https://www.researchgate.net/publication/305034228_The_Role_of_Media_in_Structuring_the_Social_Representations_of_Romanian_Immigrants_in_Germany  
  35. Samuel, J. (2002). What is people-centered advocacy? PLA Notes, 43, 9-12. 
  36. Sen, A. (1999). Development as freedom. Anchor Books: New York.
  37. Steinhardt, C. (2015). From blind spot to media spotlight: Propaganda policy, media activism and the emergence of protest events in the Chinese public sphere. Asian Studies Review, 39(1). http://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10. 1080/10357823.2014.993920
  38. Vahini, A. (2016). Impact of mass media on the image formation of farmers among younger generation: case study of farmers' suicide news coverage among           Karnataka news channels. Journal of Global Communication, 9. http://www.uasb.in/yahoo_site_admin/assets/docs/366.35232924.pdf 
  39. Van Dijk, T. A. (1998). A critical discourse analysis. http://www.discourses.org/OldArticles/Critical%discourse%20analysis.pdf/

Tools


Copyright © 2026  KITE Digital Educational Solutions |  Exclusively distributed by CE-Logic